RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BENGALURU, KARNATAKA

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF

SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

Ms. ALEENA A PANICKER

1st YEAR M.Sc NURSING

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

YEAR 2012-2014

B.M.S. HOSPITAL NURSING COLLEGE

NO. 618, SRI MALLIKARJUNA TEMPLE STREET

N. R. COLONY

BANGALORE – 560019

1

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

BENGALURU, KARNATAKA

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FORDISSERTATION

1 Name of candidate and address

(In block letters)

Ms. ALEENA A PANICKER

THEKKEKARA PUTHEN VEEDU

CHENGAMANADU (PO)

KOTTARAKARA, KOLLAM(DIST)

KERALA –691557

INDIA

2 Name of the institution BMS HOSPITAL NURSING COLLEGE,

BANGALORE.

3 Course of study & subject M.Sc NURSING

MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING.

4 Date of admission to course 04/07/2012

5 Title of the topic:

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING TYPE 1 DIABETES AMONG I.T

PROFESSIONALS IN SELECTED I.T COMPANIES AT BENGALURU.”

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6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED STUDY

INTRODUCTION

“Physical Fitness Is Not Only One Of The Most Important Keys To A Healthy Body; It

Is The Basis Of Dynamic And Creative Intellectual Activity.”

 John F. Kennedy.

The scope of medical practice changes as diseases, therapies and prognosis are

constantly shifting. One major source of change in the field of health care is in the

treatment of global burden vis-à-vis diabetes mellitus, a baffling enigma in clinical

research. Health is one hand highly personal responsibilities and on the other hand a

major public concern2.

Diabetes mellitus is not modern disease. In 1000 B.C itself Indian physician

Sushurutha diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes comes from the Greek word "siphon" which

means ‘to go through’ and the word mellitus from a Latin word Me (honey) since the

patient's urine was noticeably sweet. In 1798, J. John the Greek physician found diabetes

is associated with excess of glucose in blood. It I’’s a silent disease and is now

recognized as one of the fastest growing threat to public health in almost all countries of

the world3.

Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder ‘with alarmingly increasing

world wide incidence, the majority of cases of diabetes fall in to two broad etio-

pathogenic categories called type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The racing prevalence of

diabetes in developing countries is closely associated with industrialization and

socioeconomic development. It is estimated that 20 % of the current global diabetic

population resides in the south east Asian region, the number of a diabetic person in the

countries of region is likely to triple by the year 2025,increasing from the present

estimates of about 30 to 80 million4.

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In the IT era drastically changing the life style of young people around the world.

Indians, with their strong IT capability and genetic susceptibility to diabetes are more

prone to developing this disorder below 30 years and even below the age of 15 years.

Obesity, wrong food habits and lack of exercise playing more role in the causation of

type 1 diabetes in the young .A sedentary lifestyle is a mode of living in which a person,

an adult does not engage in sufficient physical activity or exercise for what is generally

considered healthy living. World Health Organization says a sedentary lifestyle is one of

the 10 leading causes of death and disability5.

World diabetes day is the major global awareness campaign for patient with

diabetes mellitus through out the world. World diabetes day was introduce in 1991

celebrates on 14th November each year. At present in the urban areas people like hustle

and bustle of the city, easy going and inactive life. About one third of people with

diabetes are not diagnosed, and these individuals are unaware that they have the disease.

So awareness is an important factor in our society because “prevention is better than

cure”5.

6.1 NEED FOR STUDY

“The Proper Study Of Mankind Is Man.”

Alexander Pope

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, characterized by high glucose level in

blood (hyperglycemia). It is a serious health problem throughout the world. Type 1

diabetes is a multifactorial disease with an early age of onset, in which the insulin

producing β cell of the pancreas is destroyed because of autoimmunity. It is the second

most common chronic disease in children and younger age up to 30 years and it account

for 5% to 10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes6.

Diabetes incidence in the United States, which is the number of new cases

diagnosed each year. The number of new cases of diabetes changed little from 1980

through 1990, but began increasing in 1992. From 1990 through 2010, the annual number

of new cases of diagnosed diabetes almost tripled. The rise in the incidence of type 1

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diabetes cases is associated with increases in obesity, decreases in leisure-time physical

activity, sedentary life style including food habits and the aging of the U.S. population7.

The number of people in a certain area that are newly diagnosed with a disease

during any one period of time. For type 1 diabetes, incidence is usually expressed as a

number per 100,000 people. For example, Finland has the highest incidence of type 1

diabetes in the world, where almost 41 people are diagnosed each year per 100,000

people, and China has one of the lowest, where only 0.1 people per 100,000 are

diagnosed each year. A study released at Saturday's meeting deals a blow to theory that

links vitamin D deficiency to diabetes. In a study of 72 people over a year, the

researchers tried to assess whether large doses of vitamin D supplements might stymie

the development of diabetes8.

Diabetes has emerged as a major healthcare problem in India. According to

Diabetes Atlas published by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), there were an

estimated 40 million persons with diabetes in India in 2007 and this number is predicted

to rise to almost 70 million people by 2025. The countries with the largest number of

diabetic people will be India, China and USA by 2030. It is estimated that every fifth

person with diabetes will be an Indian. Due to these sheer numbers, the economic burden

due to diabetes in India is amongst the highest in the world. The real burden of the

disease is however due to its associated complications which lead to increased morbidity

and mortality. WHO estimates that mortality from diabetes, heart disease and stroke costs

about $210 billion in India in the year 2005. Much of the heart disease and stroke in these

estimates was linked to diabetes. WHO estimates that diabetes, heart disease and stroke

together will cost about $ 333.6 billion over the next 10 years in India alone9.

The Karnataka State Health Systems Commission is looking at spearheading the

war against diabetes in the country by planning to recommend to the state government the

enactment of a legislation to help diabetics manage their disease cost-effectively. The

commission has also planned to launch a comprehensive diabetes programme in the state

that would train health personnel to spread awareness about diabetes prevention, early

detection and management of the disease. The Bangalore urban diabetes survey estimated

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the mean direct annual cast for out patient care for patient with diabetes at Rs.4724 and

the mean cost of hospitalization at Rs.12781/person. In 2000, there were approximately

171 million people world wide with diabetes10.

This study concluded that awareness of diabetes mellitus is very slow and mainly

determined by their educational levels. The analysis show that the association between

socio-economic status and health is well known and many determinants of these health

inequalities have been studies11.

6.2 REVIEW OF LITREATURE:

“A great speech is literature” Peggy Noonan.

According to Polit the activities involved in identifying and searching for

information on a topic and developing a comprehensive picture of a state of knowledge

and attitude on the topic is called of literature12.

6.2.1 Studies related to general information on type 1 diabetes mellitus

6.2.2 Studies related to sedentary life style in causing type 1 diabetes mellitus.

6.2.3 Studies related to structured teaching programme.

6.2.1 Studies related to general information on type 1 diabetes

A prospective study was conducted (2007) in Carnegie Mellon University

regarding Characterizing the transition from pediatric to adult care among emerging

adults with Type 1 diabetes. The aim of the study were to describe the transition of youth

with Type 1 diabetes from pediatric to adult healthcare services, examine the link of this

transition with self care and glycaemic control, and distinguish youth who received

medical treatment from different physicians in terms of demographic and parent

relationship variables, 64 members were participated in this study. The result of the study

shows that transition from the pediatric healthcare system to the adult healthcare system

is associated with psychosocial variables and worse glycaemic control. Future research

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should identify factors that determine optimal timing and strategies to avoid deterioration

of care and control during this transition13.

A study was conducted by Sanjay Kaila et.al in Haryana state (2006) regarding

prevalence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus .The prevalence of type 1 assessed by a hospital

based registry and by analysis of data contributed by physicians and other chemists. Total

267 members participated in this study by questionnaire method. The study concludes

that the urban-rural and male-female gradient in the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes is

more in karnal, North India14.

A study was conducted in USA (2010) regarding sociodemographic effects on

biological, disease care, and diabetes knowledge factors in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Group-oriented and variable-oriented analyses were conducted to investigate

sociodemographic differences in biological, disease care, and diabetes knowledge factors

in youth with type 1 diabetes. The sample included 349 youth. Results may inform

development of diabetes literacy programs that integrate culturally sensitive lifestyle and

language components for families of youth at risk of poor metabolic control15.

A descriptive study was conducted in New Zealand regarding the demographics

and prevalence of youth (15-24 year olds) with type 1 diabetes in the Canterbury District

Health Board catchment area in 2010.The prevalence rate they included from the year

2003 to 2010. There were 248 people with type 1 diabetes aged between 15 and 24 years

residing within the CDHB area at the time of present study. The prevalence of European

youth with type 1 diabetes is 426 per 100,000. To put it in a nut shell there was no

statistically significant increase in the prevalence of type 1 diabetes in youth in the

CDHB catchment area between 2003 and 2010. However, the absolute figures of

adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes have increased, which implies an

increased demand on health care associated with diabetes compared to 7 years ago16.

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A comparative study was conducted in China regarding Clinical analysis of

fulminant type 1 diabetes in China and comparison with a nationwide survey in Japan.

Total 161 patients from a nationwide survey in Japan were participated at the time of

diagnosis and follow-up 6 months. the mean values of the characteristics from these two

data sets, including fasting and postprandial serum C-peptide concentration, serum

sodium and potassium level. The study concludes that the clinical and biochemical

characteristics of Chinese patients did not largely differ from those of Japanese patients17.

A study was conducted in UK regarding the impact of blood glucose and HbA

(1c) goals on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. To

evaluate parents' goals and parents' perceptions of physicians' goals for blood glucose and

HbA (1c) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. In a cross-sectional

observational assessment, parents of 153 children/adolescents participated through out

the study. The completed surveys regarding their goals and their perceptions of

physicians' goals for their child's blood glucose and HbA (1c) levels. To put it in a nut

shell studies should assess the relationship between parents' perceptions of health-care

providers' goals and health-care providers' actual goals and the impact of unified

family/provider goal-setting on glycaemic control18.

A study was conducted in USA (2006) regarding how poorer quality of life in

adolescence predicts subsequent type 1 diabetes management and control. The objective

of the study shows detriments in quality of life (QOL) may contribute to the common,

costly decline in adolescents' type 1 diabetes management and control.150 adolescents

participated in this study. The QOL variable was examined in relation to prospective

assessments of diabetes management and control (hemoglobin A1c). The study concludes

that, poorer QOL acted as a barrier to effective diabetes management, subsequently

altering diabetes control19.

A study conducted to estimate the prevalence of type1 diabetes and who are less

than 35 year of age in all countries of the world for three points of time in 1995, 2000 and

2025.The data obtained by WHO was collected from 75 communities in 32 countries,

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was analyzed in developing and developed countries separately. Prevalence of diabetes in

adult’s world wide is estimated to be 40 % in 2025. The results shows that, by the year

2025, more than 75% of people with diabetes will reside in developing countries as

compared to 62% in 1995.The countries with largest number of people with type

1diabetes will be in the year 2025, India, China and US20.

A study was conducted in Bangalore to examine the efficiency of a

comprehensive behavioral intervention programme in management of compliance to

regimen in type 1 diabetes and its effect on glycaemic control. Clients suffering from

type 1 diabetes and the prevalence of getting type 1 diabetes between the age of 15-25

years were randomly selected from local general hospital. The number of participants

was 40. The experimental group had undergone 15 individual therapies over a period of 3

months. The findings of the study revealed that both groups were non compliant at pre

treatment, and there has been statistically significant difference at post treatment on

glycosylated hemoglobin with experimental group having lower values21.

A cross sectional survey was conducted in Brazil regarding assessment of

psychosocial variables by parents of youth with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This study was

conducted between December 2008 and December 2010 in 28 public clinics of 20 cities

across four Brazilian geographical regions. Psychosocial questions were addressed to

1,079 parents of patients with T1D through an interview method. Difficulty to set limits

for children/adolescents may be a risk for poor metabolic control. The study concludes

that the importance of family context in the adjustment of young patients to T1D. The

specific needs of T1D patients and their impact on a family routine must be considered

for future improvement on therapy elements and strategies22.

6.3.3 Studies related to sedentary life style in causing type 1 diabetes.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of trends in

physical inactivity and diabetes in adult West African populations. Studies had to be

population based, use clearly defined criteria for measuring diabetes and physical

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inactivity. Twenty-one reports were retrieved for diabetes and 15 reports were retrieved

for physical in/activity. The prevalence of diabetes in West Africa was approximately

4.0% in urban adults and 2.6% in rural adults, and was similar in men and women. To put

it in a nut shell diabetes and physical inactivity are important public health issues in

urban West Africa, with similar prevalence’s to wealthy industrialized countries. There is

an urgent need for policy makers, politicians and health promotion experts to put

measures in place to encourage active lifestyles and control diabetes in urban West

Africa23.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baqai Medical University, from August

2005 to September 2005 regarding sedentary life style and type 1 diabetes among youth.

A total of 384 medical students from the batches of 2002 to 2005 participated in this

study. A pre-tested semi structured questionnaire was self administered to the students.

The data included sociodemographic characteristics, life style, exercise, dietary habits

and family history of diabetes mellitus. The mean age was 20 +/- 1.58 years. The studies

conclude that Unhealthy lifestyle and poor dietary habits were highly prevalent in the

overweight study population. Diabetes mellitus was common among parents and

grandparents of the students making them prone to this disorder. So dietary and exercise

counseling is necessary as a preventive strategy24.

A prospective case control study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in north

India. The study is high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among newly diagnosed

youth-onset diabetes mellitus in north India. Seventy two newly detected youth-onset

diabetes subjects (age < 25 years), and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were

studied. Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 91.1% of the subjects with diabetes, and

58.5% of the healthy controls. Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 91.1% of the subjects

with diabetes, and 58.5% of the healthy controls. The study revealed that vitamin D

deficiency is common at all ages, and low levels of vitamin D have been associated with

high incidence of type 1 diabetes. The study concludes that Vitamin D deficiency is

common in people with youth-onset diabetes25.

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A study was conducted in Canada regarding exercise and type 1 diabetes mellitus

in youth. The study includes regular physical activity has been one of the cornerstones of

type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) therapy for decades. The benefits attributed to regular

physical activity include increased sense of well being, quality of life and improved body

composition. The beneficial effect in individuals with T1DM includes decreased risk of

diabetes-related complications and mortality. In view of the recent recommendations for

physical activity in healthy youth, advocating daily participation in 60 minutes of

moderate to vigorous physical activity. The study concludes that physiological and

metabolic effects in youth with T1DM, its health promoting benefits and challenges that

exercise poses in these individuals26.

A cross sectional survey was conducted in USA regarding Physiological and

behavioural factors related to physical activity in black women with type 1 diabetes

mellitus. The aim of the study to describe relationships among physical activity,

physiological factors, and psychological factors in black women with type 1 diabetes

mellitus. Data were collected on PA (activity/inactivity, TV hours, bed confinement),

physiology (blood pressure, lipids, hemoglobin A1c), psychology (anxiety, emotional

distress, physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality), and health care provider (HCP)

support.191 members were participated on this study. The result of the study revealed

that black women with T1DM should promote walking, address TV viewing time,

incorporate HCP’s role of PA counselling/support, and address several psychological

factors27.

Studies related to structured teaching programme

A study was conducted to assess the influence of structured teaching programme

on diabetic care on cardiovascular risk management and prescription of medication in

type 2 diabetic patients in general practices, 155 were pre selected based on inclusion

criteria, every 3 months they were controlled by their house officer, diabetes nurse and

dietician. After 1 year the amount of cardiovascular risk factors was compare to base line

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measurement for each individual by structure diabetes care in general practice improves

overall cardiovascular risk management28.

A study was conducted on the differential impact of a moderately intensive

diabetes education programme on programme attenders and droponts 61 diabetics

participated in education programme on self care. Programme attenders demonstrated a

significant increase in diabetes knowledge and foot care. A discriminated analysis

suggests that non attenders were poorly educated, had poor health status and barrier to

self care. These results suggest that patients who attend intervention class may be able to

benefit from even minimal levels of intervention class. While programme dropouts may

need special assistance to overcome obstacles to programme participation29.

A study was conducted to evaluate the 5 days structured teaching programme for

diabetic patients on their quality of life.276 insulin treated diabetic patients were

followed up at reeducation on the day sections 1 and 2 years after 5 days structured

teaching programme, 211 insulin treated patients were also followed up and served as

control group .The quality of life of all diabetic patients were assessed at base line as well

as 1 and 2 years later, using a standard well being questionnaires. There as a significant

increase in over all quality of life in a educated group after 1 and 2 years. The result of

this controlled randomized study demonstrates that structure patient education improves

the quality of life of diabetic patients, reducing depression and increasing their well

being30.

A structured teaching programme was conducted in South Korea regarding long-

term effects of a structured intensive diabetes education programme (SIDEP) in patients

with Type 2 diabetes mellitus-a 4-year follow-up study. The aim of the study is data has

been presented about the long-term effectiveness of structured intensive diabetes

education programmes (SIDEP) for people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two hundred

and nineteen patients undertook an inpatient SIDEP and the remaining patients received

conventional glycaemic control without intensive education. The study concludes that

intensive patient education programme is necessary for people with diabetes. However,

12

regular and sustained reinforcement with encouragement is also required to maintain

optimal glycaemic control, especially in insulin-treated patients31.

A structured teaching programme was conducted in Germany regarding predictors

of glycaemic control in type 1 diabetic patients after participation in an intensified

treatment and teaching programme. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of

long-term glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetic patients after participation in an

intensified insulin treatment and teaching programme. The study population consisted of

697 Type 1 diabetic patients (mean age 26 +/- 7 (SD) years. Through out this study the

total number of patients divided in to three groups with good, moderate or poor metabolic

control was considered. Regression analysis of average HbA1 values revealed

significance (p < 0.05) for seven independent predictors in descending order: smoking,

age at onset of diabetes, frequency of home blood glucose monitoring, socioeconomic

status, diabetes-related knowledge, perceived coping abilities, and sex.The study

conclude HbA1 values before the intervention, smoking, diabetes-related knowledge,

home blood glucose monitoring, age at onset of diabetes, perceived coping abilities and

C-peptide levels were the most significant and consistent predictors of glycaemic

control32.

A structured teaching programme was conducted in UK regarding maximizing

engagement, motivation and long term change in a Structured Intensive Education

Programme in Diabetes for children, young people and their families. The aim of the

study to evaluate effective delivery and cost effectiveness of an innovative structured

psycho-educational programme (CASCADE) for young people and their families living

with diabetes, 572 children and young people involved in the study. This study focusing

on achievement of increasing competency in self-management of diabetes. The control

group will receive standard care from their clinical team, usually consisting of regular 3-

monthly clinic visits and telephone contact as required with the clinical nurse specialist

and consultant. Outcomes will include measures related to the economic evaluation,

psychosocial outcomes, outcomes related to management of diabetes outcomes, and

adherence to the intervention33.

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6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING TYPE 1 DIABETES AMONG I.T

PROFESSIONALS IN SELECTED I.T COMPANIES AT BENGALURU.”

OBJECTIVES

1. To assesses the knowledge of IT professionals regarding Type 1diabetes mellitus

by pre-test scores.

2. To develop and administer structured teaching programme on type1diabetes

mellitus.

3. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme by comparing pre-

test and post-test knowledge scores.

4. To find out the association between pre-test knowledge score with selected

demographic variables.

6.4 HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY

The study attempted to examine the following hypotheses

RESEARCH HYPOTHSES

H1There will be significant difference between the pre-test and post-test knowledge

scores of IT professionals regarding Type 1 diabetes mellitus

H2There will be significant association between the pre test knowledge scores with the

selected demographic variables.

6.5 VARIABLES UNDER THE STUDY

Independent variable:Structured teaching programme on Type 1 diabetes mellitus

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Dependent variable:

Knowledge of IT professionals in Type 1 diabetes.

1. To assesses the knowledge of IT professionals regarding Type 1diabetes mellitus by

pre-test scores.

2. To develop and administer structured teaching programme regarding prevention of

type1diabetes mellitus and self awareness of health.

3. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme by comparing pre-test

and post-test knowledge scores.

4. To find out the association between pre-test knowledge score with selected

demographic variables.

6.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1. EFFECTIVENESS

It refers to the extent to which the structured teaching programme helps to improve the

awareness regarding how to prevent type 1 diabetes among IT professionals

2. STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMMME

It refers to systematic developed instructional method and visual aids designed and used

for IT professional to give information on prevention of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, evident

from gain in knowledge score.

3. TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS

Type 1 diabetes is otherwise known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or

juvenile-onset diabetes, results from a cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the β

cell of the pancreas. It can occur at any age.

6.7 ASSUMPTIONS

1. I.T people may have some knowledge on Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

2. Structured teaching programme will improve the knowledge on Type 1 diabetes

mellitus.

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6.8 DELIMITATION

The study is delimited to I.T professionals in selected I.T companies in Bangalore.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS

7.1 SOURCES OF DATA

The data will be collected from selected I.T professionals who are working in selected I.T

companies at Bangalore.

7.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Self administered structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to collect the data

from the I.T professionals in selected I.T companies.

7.2.1 RESEARCH APPROACH

Pre-experimental research approach will be used to conduct the study.

7.2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN

One group pre and post test design will be used to conduct the study.

7.2.3 RESEARCH SETTING

Study will be conducted in selected I.T companies at Bangalore.

7.2.4 POPULATION

The Population of the present study comprises of I.T professionals who are working in

I.T companies at Bangalore.

7.2.5 SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size includes 30 I.T people who are working in selected I.T companies at

Bangalore.

16

7.2.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Purposive sampling technique will be used to select the samples.

7.2.7 SAMPLINGCRITERIA

Inclusion criteria

1. I.T professionals who are willing to participate in the study.

2. I.T professionals who are available during the time of data collection period.

3. Both genders are included in the study.

Exclusion criteria

1. I.T professionals, who are not willing to participate in this study.

2. T professionals who are in the age group of more than 30.

7. 2.8 TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

Self administered structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to collect the data

which consists of part I and part II.

PART-I: Consists of items on demographic variables such as age, sex, education

qualification, marital status, income, food habit and source of information.

PART-II: Consists of knowledge items related to Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

7.2.9 DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

The data analysis will be done through descriptive and inferential statistics.

Descriptive statistics

Frequency, mean, percentage and standard deviation to describe demographic variables

and knowledge of the subjects.

17

Inferential statistics

1. Paired‘t’ test to compare pre and post test knowledge scores.

2. Chi square (X2) test will be used to find out the association between pre test knowledge

scores with selected demographic variables.

7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INTERVENTIONS TO BE

CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS?

Yes, the structured teaching programme will have impact on knowledge of I.T

professionals regarding Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

7.4 HAS THE ETHICAL CLEARENCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR

INSTITUTION?

Ethical clearance obtained from the research committee of THE B M S HOSPITAL

NURSING COLLEGE, BENGALURU. The copy of ethical clearance certificate is

enclosed.

Permission will be granted by authorities of selected I.T companies at Bangalore.

Informed consent will be taken from the I.T professionals those who are willing to

participate in the study.

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