Rainer Hörlein 9/12/2015 1 ICUIL 2010 Watkins Glen Femtosecond Probing of Solid Density Plasmas...
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Transcript of Rainer Hörlein 9/12/2015 1 ICUIL 2010 Watkins Glen Femtosecond Probing of Solid Density Plasmas...
Rainer Hörlein04/19/23
1ICUIL 2010
Watkins Glen
Femtosecond Probing of Solid Density Plasmas with Coherent High Harmonic
Radiation
Rainer Hörlein
Contributors
Rainer Hörlein04/19/23
ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
2
LMU / MPQ:
Theory and Simulations:
• R. Hörlein•D. Kiefer• G. D. Tsakiris• F. Krausz
• S. Rykovanov• G. D. Tsakiris
Queens University Belfast, UK:
• B. Dromey• M. Zepf
• A. Henig• D. Jung• P. Heissler• D. Habs
Max-Born-Institute, Berlin, D:
• S.Steinke• T. Sokollik• M. Schnürer• P. Nickles• W. Sandner
Los Alamos Nat. Lab, USA:
• M. Hegelich• C. Gautier• R. Shah• S. Palaniyappan• S. Letzring• J. Fernandez• and the entire TRIDENT Team
Overview
Rainer Hörlein04/19/23
ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
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1. Introduction
2. Dynamics of nm-Scale Foils
3. Plasma Probing using SHHG
4. Conclusions and Outlook
targetincident
beam
MCP-detector
collectionmirror
grating
entranceslit
1.1 Coherent Wake Emission
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Plexiglass Target (Density ≈ 1.3 g/cm^3):Glass Target (Density ≈2.6 g/cm^3):
1113 121417 1516 1113 121415
1.2 Relativistic Harmonics
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ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
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Harmonic Spectra:Mirror Motion:
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ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
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1.3 Thin FoilsH
. George, et al., N
JP, 11, 113028 (2009)
U. Teubner, et al., PRL, 92, 185001, (2004).
K. Krushelnick, et al., PRL, 100, 125005, (2008).
Experiments:
CWE in transmission: ROM in transmission:
2. Dynamics of nm-Scale Foils
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ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
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nm-scale diamond-like carbon foils promise access to new regimes for efficient ion acceleration
S.G. Rykovanov et al., NJP. 10, 113005 (2008).O. Klimo et al., PR ST AB 11, 031301 (2008).
A.Henig et al., PRL 103, 245003 (2009)and many others
targetincident
beam
MCP-detector
collectionmirror
grating
entranceslit
X
Den
sity
2.1 The Berlin Laser System
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ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
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5 µm FWHM
• Pulse energy 1.2 J (0.7 J with PM)• Pulse duration 40 fs• Rep. rate10 Hz• F/2.5 focusing• Adaptive mirror• Focused intensity 5x1019 Wcm-2
Laser focus
Berlin 30 TW CPA Ti:Sa system
Double Plasma – Mirror (DPM)
• energy throughput ~65%• contrast enhancement 103 to 104
• no decrease in focusability
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ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
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2.2 Probing nm-Foil Targets
Harmonic Order
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14
15
17 nm DLC
Harmonic Order
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14
15
5 nm DLC
Harmonic Order
7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14
15
32 nm DLC
2.2 Probing nm-Foil Targets
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2D-PIC Simulation
a0=3.6, nmax=100nc, 25nm ramp, τ=10 cycles
Measured Density
Density during relativistic interaction
Consistent with 1D expansion of thefoil target ionized on the leading edge of the 45fs laser pulse
Cs,av≈2.2x107cm/sTExp ≈70fs
R. Hörlein et al., arXiv:1009.1582 (2010)
10th harmonic
x-position (microns)
y-po
siti
on (
mic
rons
)
10
-100 -50 0 50 100-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
50
-100 -50 0 50 100
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
50th harmonic
x-position (microns)
y-po
siti
on (
mic
rons
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
position on detector [cm]
harm
onic
num
ber
ne = 400ncexp(-(r-20)2/42)
isotr source at -100 mdetector plane at 10 cm
test2.matxsimmax = 100;ysimmax = 100;Npoints = 1000; D = 100;
Position on detector (cm)
Har
mon
ic o
rder
3. Plasma Probing using SHHG
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ICUIL 2010Watkins Glen
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harmonic target testplasma
incidentlaser
harmonicradiation
(very) preliminary Simulations
W. Theobald et al., PRL 77, 298 (1996).S. Dobosz et al., PRL 95, 025001 (2005).
previous work using gas harmonics for example:
hollow target100s of micron
harmonicsource
0 20 40 60 80 1000
100
200
300
400
radius (microns)
e- den
sity
(n c o
f w
0)
3.1 The TRIDENT Laser
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• Pulse energy 80 J•1 shot/45 min.
• F/3 focusing
TRIDENT short pulse beam:•Pulse duration 500 fs• Wavelength 1054 nm
• Adaptive mirror
• Focused intensity 5x1020 Wcm-2
TRIDENT has ~10x longer pulse than MBI but ~100x more pulse energy
i.e. 10x higher intensity on target
3.2 Relativistic Forward Harmonics
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Harmonic radiation from 200 nm DLC Targets
Harmonic Order
9 10 11 13 15
16 12 14 18 20 17 19 21
Normal incidence spectrometer Grazing incidence spectrometer
Harmonic Order
60 40 20
Rel
ativ
e In
tens
ity
10
1
0.1
n-3.5 scaling
n-2.0 scaling
n-2.75 scaling
3.3 Plasma Probing: First Results
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harmonic target probed foil
incidentlaser
residual laserand harmonics
Harmonic Order
60 40 20
Rel
ativ
e In
tens
ity
10
1
0.1
Density Information
200nm DLC200+80nm DLC
Conclusions and Outlook
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• High harmonics generated on solid surfaces are a very versatile source of intense coherent XUV radiation
• High harmonics can be used to probe and monitor the interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with nm-scale foil targets
• Direct measurement of target density during relativistic interaction
• First clear observation of only odd-numbered relativistic harmonics in normal incidence geometry
• High harmonics generated with PW-scale short-pulse lasers could serve as unique backlighting sources for a wide range experiments