Railway level crossing gate operation remotely by android

Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation

Remotely by Android

http://www.edgefxkits.com/

Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by Android

Introduction

The project is designed to achieve control over the railway level crossing gate through Android Application by the station master. Opening and closing of railway level crossing gate involves manpower, which could be often erroneous leading to accidents. The proposed system rules out the need of any human involvement at the railway level crossing. This system involves opening and closing of the level crossing gate with help of an Android Application Device.

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Block Diagram







Hardware Requirements 8051 series Microcontroller

Bluetooth device Crystal Resistors Capacitors Diodes Transformer Voltage Regulator LED DC Motor Motor Driver IC







Software Requirements

Keil compiler

Languages: Embedded C or Assembly







Micro Controller


It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

RAM ROM

I/O Port

TimerSerial COM Port

Microcontroller

CPU

A single chip






Internal structure of a micro controller-at89s52/51







Arduino Microcontroller based on ATmega328

5V Operating Voltage

Input Voltage 7 -12V

14 Digital I/O Pins

32 kB Flash Memory

1 kB EEPROM

16 MHz Clock Speed







IR Sensor

Emits infrared signal and detect the reflection.

Output goes low when signal is received.

This serves as the input to the Arduino.







DC Motor

Has stations sets of magnets in the stator.

Works on attraction and repulsion of magnets.

Direction of magnetic field can be changed by changing direction of current.

Speed of motor can be changed by changing voltage applied to the armature.







L293D motor Driver

L293D IC generally comes as a standard 16-pin DIP (dual-in line package).

This motor driver IC can simultaneously control two small motors in either direction; forward and reverse with just 4 microcontroller pins (if you do not use enable pins).







555 IC

This IC is a monolithic timing circuit that is a highly stable controller capable of producing accurate time delays or oscillations.

This integrated circuit contains nearly 25 transistor, a diode or two, and more than 10 resistors.







Android Android is an open-source operating system which means that any

manufacturer can use it in their phones free of charge.

It was built to be truly open. For example, an application can call upon any of the phone’s core functionality.

Such as making calls, sending text messages, or using the camera.







Android Application Operated Bluetooth

The Android platform includes support for the Bluetooth network stack, which allows a device to wirelessly exchange data with other Bluetooth devices.

The application framework provides access to the Bluetooth functionality through the Android Bluetooth APIs.







Working Principle


By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing.

The arrival of train is detected by the sensor placed on either side of the gate at about 5km from the level crossing.

All signals are made RED initially to indicate that gate is open and vehicles are passing through the gate.

Detection of a train approaching the gate can be sensed by means of sensors R1 and R2 placed on either side of the gate.






Working Principle


Once the train arrival is sensed, the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller.

It checks for possible presence of vehicle between the gates, again using sensors.

At the moment the train arrival is sensed on either side of the gate.

Road users are warned about the train approach by Buzzer.






Working Principle


Once the train arrival is sensed, the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller .

It checks for possible presence of vehicle between the gates, again using sensors.

At the moment the train arrival is sensed on either side of the gate.

Road users are warned about the train approach by Buzzer.






Working Principle


Buzzer indication and light signals on either side are provided to the road users indicating the closure of gates.

Once, no vehicle is sensed in between the gate the motor is activated and the gates are closed.

For the worst case if any obstacle is sensed, it is indicated to the train driver by signals (RED) placed at about 4km.

So as to bring it to halt well before the level crossing.






Working Principle


A Bluetooth device is interfaced with the system.

When the station master sent command to close from the Android application device to the Bluetooth device

Which while fed to the microcontroller, sends an output signal which activates a mechanism to switch on the motor to close the gate.






Working Principle


When no obstacle is sensed GREEN light is indicated .

The train is to free to move.

Train departure sensing is done by sensors R2 respectively considering the directions of train approach.






Level Crossing


Place where a railway and a road, or two railway lines, cross at the same level

Called Grade Crossing in North America

Early level crossings had a flagman in a nearby booth who would, on the approach of a train, wave a red flag or lantern to stop all traffic and clear the tracks

Manual or electrical closable gates that barricaded the roadway were later introduced, intended to be a complete barrier against intrusion of any road traffic onto the railway.






Protection at Intersections


All rail or road intersections are provided with either passive or active protection.

Passive : Application of passive traffic control devices (signage) which provides

an unchanging warning to the road user whether or not a train is approaching the crossing.

Active : Application of warning devices to warn road users of the approach of

a train when the train is a minimum time from entering the road-rail intersection.






IR Circuits


This circuit has two stages:

IR Transmitter:

The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED and its associated circuitry.

The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the transmitting unit.

Infrared LED is driven through transistor.






IR Circuits


IR Receiver:

The receiver unit consists of a sensor and its associated circuitry.

In receiver section, the first part is a sensor.

It detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED.

http://www.edgefxkits.com/ir-controlled-robotic-vehicle






IR Circuits


Whenever a train crosses the sensor.

the output of IR sensor momentarily transits through a low state.

As a result the mono stable is triggered.

A short pulse is applied to the port pin of the microcontroller.

On receiving a pulse from the sensor circuit.

The controller activates the circuitry required for closing and opening of the gates and for track switching.






Advantages


Prevention of accidents inside the gate.

Reliable machine, which operates the railway gate even without gatekeeper which makes it useful for operation at unmanned crossings.

Battery which is charged by means of a solar cell can be used in remote areas where the power supply can’t be expected.






Disadvantages


To establish the entire network it is quite a costly task.

Since these are the issues of the government cost doesn’t matter a lot.






Conclusion


Railway Level Crossing Gate Operation Remotely by Android Project was designed and Implemented. This project can be enhanced using android application device for remote operation. When the robot faces a fire then it extinguishes fire with the help of pump motor connected to a water tank mounted on its body.

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Railway level crossing gate operation remotely by android

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