Rails 3 overview

{ Rails 3

Overview

A Lot Like Rails 2.3

Quick Refresher

What Hasnt Changed?

Resources

Controllers

Migrations

AR Ideas

Big User-Facing Changes

File Structure

con!g.ru

# This file is used by Rack-based # servers to start the application.

require ::File.expand_path( '../config/environment', __FILE__)

run Tutorial::Application

con!g/boot.rb

require 'rubygems'

# Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.gemfile = File.expand_path( '../../Gemfile', __FILE__)

if File.exist?(gemfile) ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] = gemfile require 'bundler' Bundler.setupend

Gem!le

source 'http://rubygems.org'

gem 'rails', '3.0.0.beta3'gem 'sqlite3-ruby', :require => 'sqlite3'
http://rubygems.orghttp://rubygems.org

con!g/environment.rb

# Load the rails applicationrequire File.expand_path( '../application', __FILE__)

# Initialize the rails applicationTutorial::Application.initialize!

con!g/application.rb (1)

require File.expand_path( '../boot', __FILE__)

require 'rails/all'

if defined?(Bundler) Bundler.require(:default, Rails.env)end

con!g/application.rb (2)

module Tutorial class Application < Rails::Application config.encoding = "utf-8" config.filter_parameters += [:password] endend

environments/production.rb

Tutorial::Application.configure do config.cache_classes = true config.consider_all_requests_local = false config.action_controller.perform_caching = true config.action_dispatch.x_sendfile_header = "X-Sendfile" config.serve_static_assets = falseend

initializers/session_store.rb

Rails.application. config.session_store( :cookie_store, :key => '_tutorial_session' )

script/rails (1)#!/usr/bin/env ruby# This command will automatically # be run when you run "rails" with # Rails 3 gems installed from the # root of your application.

ENV_PATH = File.expand_path( '../../config/environment', __FILE__)

script/rails (2)

BOOT_PATH = File.expand_path( '../../config/boot', __FILE__)

APP_PATH = File.expand_path( '../../config/application', __FILE__)

require BOOT_PATHrequire 'rails/commands'

app/mailers

$ script/rails g mailer welcome create app/mailers/welcome.rb invoke erb create app/views/welcome invoke test_unit create test/functional/welcome_test.rb

app/layouts/application.html.erb

Tutorial

public/javascripts/

rails.js

github.com/rails/jquery-ujs

db/seeds.rb

rake db:setup

db:createdb:schema:load

db:seed

lib/tasks/setup.rake

task :bundle do system "bundle install"end

task :setup => ["bundle", "db:setup"]

Rails Command

generate | g

console | c

server | s

dbconsole | db

application

destroy

benchmarker

profiler

plugin

runner

Block Helpers

Block Helpers (Before)


Hello World!


def box(&block) content = ""

Block Helpers (After)

Hello World!


def box(&block) "" \ "#{capture(&block)}" \ ""end


def box(&block) "" \ "#{capture(&block)}" \ "".html_safeend

Router

Note: Signi!cant

Changes Ahead

Also Note: Old Mapper

Still Available

Matching

map.connect "posts", :controller => :posts, :action => :index

Matching


match "posts" => "posts#index"

Matching


match "/posts" => "posts#index"

Optional Segments

match "/posts(/page)" => "posts#index"

Optional Dynamic Segments

match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index"

Default Parameters

match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index", :defaults => {:id => 1}

Default Parameters

match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index", :id => 1

Named Routes

match "/posts(/:id)" => "posts#index", :id => 1, :as => "posts"

The Root

root :to => "posts#index"

Scopes

Path Scope

match "/admin/posts" => "posts#index"match "/admin/users" => "users#index"

Path Scope

scope :path => "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end

Path Scope

scope "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end

Module Scope

match "/posts" => "admin/posts#index"match "/users" => "admin/users#index"

Module Scope

scope :module => "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end

Both

match "admin/posts" => "admin/posts#index"match "admin/users" => "admin/users#index"

Both

namespace "admin" do match "/posts" => "posts#index" match "/users" => "users#index"end

HTTP Methods

Get Request

match "/posts" => "posts#index", :via => "get"

Get Request

get "/posts" => "posts#index"

Scoping

scope "/posts" do controller :posts do get "/" => :index endend

Scoping


Default Resource Route

controller :posts do scope "/posts" do get "/" => :index post "/" => :create get "/:id" => :show put "/:id" => :update delete "/:id" => :delete

get "/new" => :new get "/:id/edit" => :edit endend

Default Resource Routecontroller :posts do scope "/posts" do get "/" => :index, :as => :posts post "/" => :create get "/:id" => :show, :as => :post put "/:id" => :update delete "/:id" => :delete

get "/new" => :new, :as => :new_post get "/:id/edit" => :edit, :as => :edit_post endend

Constraints

Regex Constraint

get "/:id" => "posts#index", :constraints => {:id => /\d+/}

Regex Constraint

get "/:id" => "posts#index", :id => /\d+/

Request-Based Constraint

get "/mobile" => "posts#index", :constraints => {:user_agent => /iPhone/}


get "/mobile" => "posts#index", :constraints => {:user_agent => /iPhone/}, :defaults => {:mobile => true}


get "/mobile" => "posts#index", :user_agent => /iPhone/, :mobile => true

Object Constraints

class DubDubConstraint def self.matches?(request) request.host =~ /^(www\.)/ endend

get "/" => "posts#index", :constraints => DubDubConstraint

Equivalent


get "/posts" => PostsController.action(:index)

Rack

>> a = PostsController.action(:index)

Rack

>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> #

Rack

>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> # >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")

Rack

>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> # >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")=> {"SERVER_NAME"=>"example.org", "CONTENT_LENGTH"=>"0", ...}

Rack

>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> # >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")=> {"SERVER_NAME"=>"example.org", "CONTENT_LENGTH"=>"0", ...}>> e.call(a)

Rack

>> a = PostsController.action(:index)=> # >> e = Rack::MockRequest.env_for("/")=> {"SERVER_NAME"=>"example.org", "CONTENT_LENGTH"=>"0", ...}>> e.call(a)=> [200, {"ETag"=>"eca5953f36da05ff351d712d904ef28d",...}

Match to Rack

class MyApp def call(env) [200, {"Content-Type" => "text/html"}, ["Hello World"]] endend

get "/" => MyApp

Redirection

get "/" => redirect("/foo")

Redirection


get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%{id}")get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%s")

Redirection


get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%{id}")get "/:id" => redirect("/posts/%s")

get "/:id" => redirect { |params, req| ...}

Rack Appdef redirect(*args, &block) options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}

path = args.shift || block path_proc = path.is_a?(Proc) ? path : proc { |params| path % params } status = options[:status] || 301 body = 'Moved Permanently'

lambda do |env| req = Request.new(env)

params = [req.symbolized_path_parameters] params 1

uri = URI.parse(path_proc.call(*params)) uri.scheme ||= req.scheme uri.host ||= req.host uri.port ||= req.port unless req.port == 80

headers = { 'Location' => uri.to_s, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s } [ status, headers, [body] ] endend

Rack Appdef redirect(*args, &block) options = args.last.is_a?(Hash) ? args.pop : {}

path = args.shift || block path_proc = path.is_a?(Proc) ? path : proc { |params| path % params } status = options[:status] || 301 body = 'Moved Permanently'

lambda do |env| req = Request.new(env)



headers = { 'Location' => uri.to_s, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s } [ status, headers, [body] ] endend

redirect(*args, &block)

Rack Applambda do |env| req = Request.new(env)



headers = { 'Location' => uri.to_s, 'Content-Type' => 'text/html', 'Content-Length' => body.length.to_s } [ status, headers, [body] ]end

Resources

Resources

resources :magazines do resources :adsend

Member Resources

resources :photos do member do get :preview get :print endend

One-Offs

resources :photos do get :preview, :on => :memberend

Collectionsresources :photos do collection do get :search endend

Combination

scope :module => "admin" do constraints IpBlacklist do resources :posts, :comments endend

ActiveRecord

New Chainable, Lazy API

Chainable Methods

select from where joins having group

order limit offset includes lock readonly

Controller

def index @posts = Post. where(:published => true). order("publish_date desc")end

Model

scope :published, where(:published => true). order("publish_date desc")

Model

scope :desc, order("publish_date desc")

scope :published, where(:published => true).desc

Controller

def index @posts = Post. where("created_at < ?", Time.now). order("publish_date desc")end

Model


def self.past where("created_at < ?", Time.now).descend

Model


def self.past where("created_at < ?", Time.now).descend

def self.recent(number) past.limit(5)end

Pagination

class PostsController def index @posts = Posts.page(5, :per_page => 10) endend

class Post < ActiveRecord::Base def self.page(number, options) per_page = options[:per_page]

offset(per_page * (number - 1)). limit(per_page) endend

named_scope

with_scope

!nd(:all)

ActionMailer

Massive API Overhaul

Sending Emails

def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!")end

welcome.text.erb

welcome.html.erb

Layouts

layout "rails_dispatch"

def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!")end

rails_dispatch.text.erb

rails_dispatch.html.erb

Be More Speci!c

def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!") do |format| format.html format.text { render "generic" } endend

Defaults

default :from => "[email protected]"

def welcome(user) @user = user mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!") do |format| format.html format.text { render "generic" } endend
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Attachments

def welcome(user) @user = user

file = Rails.public_path.join("hello.pdf") contents = File.readfile) attachments["welcome.pdf"] = contents

mail(:to => user.email, :subject => "Welcome man!")end

Interceptors

class MyInterceptor def self.delivering_email(mail) original = mail.to mail.to = "[email protected]"

mail.subject = "#{original}: #{mail.subject}" endend

Interceptors

class MyInterceptor def self.delivering_email(mail) original = mail.to mail.to = "[email protected]"

mail.subject = "#{original}: #{mail.subject}" endend

config.action_mailer. register_interceptor(MyInterceptor)

Interceptors

Delivery

Observers

delivering_mail

deliver

delivered_mail

Bundler

gembundler.com

gembundler.com/rails3.html

railsdispatch.com/posts/bundler

yehudakatz.com/2010/04/12/some-of-

the-problems-bundler-solves/

yehudakatz.com/2010/04/17/ruby-require-order-problems/

Choices

rspec-rails

generators

controller_example

view_example

request_example

mailer_example

rake tasks

Mailer Generator

$ script/rails g mailer welcome create app/mailers/welcome.rb invoke erb create app/views/welcome invoke rspec create spec/mailers/welcome_spec.rb

dm-rails

generators

append_info_to_payload

i18n_scope

IdentityMap middleware

rake tasks

generate a resource$ rails g resource comment invoke data_mapper create app/models/comment.rb invoke test_unit create test/unit/comment_test.rb create test/fixtures/comments.yml invoke controller create app/controllers/comments_controller.rb invoke erb create app/views/commentses invoke test_unit create test/functional/comments_controller_test.rb invoke helper create app/helpers/commentses_helper.rb invoke test_unit create test/unit/helpers/comments_helper_test.rb route resources :commentses

generate a resource$ rails g resource comment invoke data_mapper create app/models/comment.rb invoke rspec create spec/models/comment_spec.rb invoke controller create app/controllers/comments_controller.rb invoke erb create app/views/comments invoke rspec create spec/controllers/comments_controller_spec.rb create spec/views/comments invoke helper create app/helpers/comments_helper.rb invoke rspec route resources :comments

rails g$ rails g

Rails: controller generator helper integration_test mailer metal migration model observer performance_test plugin resource scaffold scaffold_controller session_migration

stylesheets

DataMapper: data_mapper:migration data_mapper:model data_mapper:observer

Rspec: rspec:controller rspec:helper rspec:install rspec:integration rspec:mailer rspec:model rspec:observer rspec:scaffold rspec:view

Rails 3 overview

Technology

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