Railroad Workers with Employment Covered by the Social Security Act, 1959

by ALDEN F. BIXBY*

Because of the coordination between the old-age, sur&vors, and disability insurance program and the railroad retirement program, the extent to which railroad workers hold jobs covered by the Xociul Xecurity Act is of continuing interest. Inform,ation on railroad employees who in 1959 had employment covered by the Social Security Act is reported in the following pages.

UNDER THE Railroad Retirement Act,, workers may shift between railroad employment and work covered by the Social Security act without losing their protection under the latter act. This continuity of protection is possible as a result of the coordination between the programs, which operates in three ways:

1. The railroad wage credits of workers who retire with less than 10 years of railroad employ- ment are transferred to the program under the Social Security Act, and benefits are paid by that program.

2. Survivor benefits are paid by one agency only, on the basis of combined wage credits. If the employee had at least 10 years of railroad service and a recent attachment to the railroad industry at the time of his death, they are paid under the railroad retirement program; other- wise they are paid under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance.

3. Through provision for financial interchange the old-age and survivors insurance and the dis- ability insurance trust funds are maintained in the same position in which they would have been if railroad employment had been covered by the Social Security Act since 1936.

An employee with 10 or more years of railroad service has vested rights to a retirement annuity under the Railroad Retirement Act. In addition, he may receive old-age or disability benefits under the Social Security Act if he is qualified on the basis of employment covered only by that act.

The data in this report are a result of the work

*Chief of the Division of Labor Studies, Office of the Director of Research, Railroad Retirement Board.

done in connection with the financial interchange study covering the fiscal year 1959-60. They have been developed to show the extent to which em- ployees with railroad service in 1959 also per- formed work covered by old-age, survivors, and disability insurance in that year or earlier. Because of the broad coverage of old-age, sur- vivors, and disability insurance, it may be as- sumed that virtually all nonrailroad work currently performed by railroad employees is covered by that program. A similar report of employment in the calendar year 1956 was made in the BULLETIN of November 1958.

TABLE l.-Railroad employees with both railroad and OASDI covered employment in 1959, 1 and percentage distribution by amount of taxable earnings under each program 2

Percentage distribution by amount Nurn- of taxable OASDI earnings 3

Taxable railroad earnings 2 bgogF :li; sands) Total &yeas;; $l,OOO- $2.000- $3;FOO

$1 ooo $1,999 $2,999 JIlOE

__________ ~~

Total ____.____.__.__ ---. 241 100 100 54 22 11 13 ________-____ Less than 51,000 . . . . . . . . . . 38 100 41 22 12 25 $1,00w$1,999- ~..~ :: 14 100 58 14 11

$2,OOtt$2,999.. i; 11 100 47

::

$3,00c+$3,999.m.mm..m . . . . 9 100 65 23 ii ii $4,000-$4,799 . . . . -.- . . . . ~~

:: 2: 100 71 14

$4,800 .____.... ....~~ 100 69 1; 10 : , I , I I

1 At least 1 month of railroad service and at least 1 quarter of coverage under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance.

2 Based on special sample of 3,428 employees. Smaller numbers and percentages may not be statistically reliable. because of rounding.

Detail may not add to totals

8 Annual maximum of $4.800 used. although actual maximum for year was $4,550.

Data on insured status in the two reports are not fully comparable because the effects of the 1958 and 1960 amendments to the Social Security Act were taken into consideration in the later study. The 1958 amendments increased from $4,200 to $4,800 a year (effective for 1959) the maximum amount of t,axable earnings; the 1960 law reduced the number of quarters of coverage required for fully insured status 1 but made no change in the minimum and maximum require- ments. The limit on compensation taxable under

’ The 19Cl amendments further liberalized the insured- status requirements.

12 SOCIAL SECURITY

t’he Railroad Retirement Tax Act has also been increased-from $350 a month to $400 a month, beginning June 1959. For this study, however, railroad earnings are included up to the annual limit in the Social Security Act.

The current study was based on a sample of 3,428 workers out of a total of 1,229,OOO who had some railroad service during 1959. The figures based on the sample are subject to the usual sampling errors. For some of the smaller groups, the estimates may not be statistically reliable.

As in the 1956 study, employment covered by the Social Security Act was disregarded if the earnings were insufficient to produce at least 1 quarter of coverage. In addition, the number of quarters of coverage and permanently insured status under that program were determined solely on the basis of employment covered under the Social Security Act. 2 In actual practice, however, railroad earnings are creditable under the Social Security Act if the employee has had less than

*To acquire permanently insured status under the Social Security Act, the worker must have a sufficient number of quarters of coverage to remain fully insured up to age 65 (age 62 for women), even if he acquire? no additional quarters of coverage. For this study, in- sured status was determined on the basis of provisions in effect before the 1961 amendments.

10 years of railroad service or dies while he is not currently attached to the railroad industry. In a large proportion of cases, where there is less t,han 10 years of railroad service and permanently insured status is not the Social Security achieved if credits combined.

DUAL EMPLOYMENT

acquired by earnings under Act alone, such status is under the two acts are

About 1,229,OOO employees-94 percent of them men-worked in the railroad industry at some time in 1959. This total includes temporary workers and others who for various reasons did not work in the industry in every month, as well as regularly employed persons. It includes, for example, employees who were new entrants to the industry or reentered it after an absence of at least 1 calendar year, employees who were sick or unemployed for 1 or more months, and em- ployees who died or retired after some service in the year.

Of those employed in t,he railroad industry in 1959, an estimated one-fifth (241,000) also acquired old-age, survivors, and disability insur- ance credits in that year (table 1). In 1956, the

TABLE 2.-Railroad employees in 1959 and average number of quarters of OASDI coverage, by year of entry into railroad service and by pattern of railroad service and OASDI coverage

Year of entry into railroad service

Percentage distribution by pattern of OASDI coverage 1

Average number of quarters of OASDI coverage 2

“b”,- -

&I. All All Before All All Before and after

b,efp after and b;$p

after railroad entry sands) ’ Total None rail- after

rail- Total rail- road road road road entry entry road

entry entry entry Total Before After I I

All railroad employees in 1959, totalF..-----.---F- 1,229 100 29 22 21 27 17 15 10 24 14 10 -~ ___________

Beforel93R..-.-.-...- -...-.-...-.-...-.- -_ 430 100 67 33 --Tz 11 ____--__ __- _____ ____---- ___..-- ___.__.- - 193s-42.---.-.-.-...-.-.....--.....-....--.-.-~.~~~... 223 100 1943-47..- ._.. _____........ ~.._~~~.~.~...~.~.- -.- 1948-52~~~-~.....-.-.-.-.-~-~~~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~......... 1z

100 19 13 25 13 100

13 26 Yi t: 16 11 :I 22 11 11

1953-57..-.-.-.-..-.- --~.~.--~~..~~ -.- 124 100 1958-59---.-.-.-.-.-...-.-.-.....-....-.-.........-... 77 100

z 2 12 57 21 16 -+,-id 27 :i i 37 i 2 19 17 5 22

75 16 16 2 wmmmB=

With continuous railroad service 3 __________ -_---_-. 885 100 35 28 15 22 16 15 9 ____~

BeforelQ38..---..---.- . . .._.... 342 100 76=------- 24 10 10 __- ____..._ _____... _____... _____.__ _____

1938-42-.-.-.--.-.-.-.....-....-.-.-.-.-.--...-.--~.~~ 109 100 1943-47--.-..-...-.-.-.-...-..--.-...-...-.-.-.-~~~-~~ 152 100 16 34 14 36 :i 12 : 21 13 : 194&52---...-.....--..-.-.....-...-.-.-.-.-...-.-~~.- 100

i 2 10 :i :t z:: 15

1953-57---...---.........-.....-.....-...-.-.....-...~

1::

100

9 :i 7 20 7

1958-59.-.-..~---.----.-..--.-.-.--.-.-.---.-~..-.~.-~ 77 100 i 44 : 44 :i 4 22 a:, ; 75 14 16 2 22 -=-,--==s==

With noncontinuous railroad service. _____._._.... 345 100 13 9 38 40 18 10 12 25 11 14 ___-~ ---‘- -- ---

Before1938.-.-.--...~--.~.-.-.~..-.......-...--.....- 100 33 TZ- 67 12 / 12 -_-----_ _______. .._.____ _____________.__ 1Q38-42..----.-.-.-...--.-....-~.-...-.-.-.-...-.-.-.- 1;: 100

1943-47.---.-.-~~~-.-.--....-......-....--....--..~~.~ 75 100

10 18 30 ti 17 9 :i 23 9 14

1948-52..-.--....-.-..............-.-.....-...--~~~-~~ 44 100 l 1: 32 22 2 28 :i :; 1953-57..-.---.-.----...--- . ..__. _____ _.____..._.. -- -- 23 100

18 :i 20 11 25 1 5 10 23 13 8 25 18 7

1 Based on 4-percent sample. 2 Based on special sample of 3,428 employees. Smaller numbers and per-

may not add to totals because of rounding.

centages and associated averages may not be statistically reliable. Detail 3 Railroad service in every year after 1936 or year of entry, whichever is

later.

BULLETIN, NOVEMBER 1961 13

group with dual coverage was larger; 405,000, or one-fourth of all railroad workers in that year, earned quarters of coverage. The considerable drop resulted from the decline in railroad em- ployment and the generally higher level of unemployment.

The total number of railroad employees was 25 percent less in 1959 than in 1956, and-as usually occurs during a decline in employment-the number of new entrants and of reentrants to the industry went down sharply. About 100,000 em- ployees entered or reentered the railroad industry in 1959, compared with 200,000 in 1956. This drop is significant because such employees are more likely than others to have acquired quarters of coverage under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance in the same year. In 1959, more than ‘70 percent of the new entrants and reentrants combined had 1 or more quarters of coverage.

The total number of unemployed workers in the United States averaged 3.8 million in 1959 and 2.8 million in 1956. It was obviously more difficult in the later year for unemployed railroad workers to tind jobs in other industries or for employed workers to supplement their income with temporary or part-time work.

The number of workers who had earnings under both programs in 1959 and the percentage with specified taxable earnings under each pro- gram are shown in table 1. Dual-coverage em- ployees were heavily concentrated, as would be expected, in the lower income brackets. F’ifty- two percent of the employees with credits under both systems in 1959 earned less than $2,000 for their railroad work during the year, and an even

TABLE 4.-Railroad employees in 1959, by completed years of railroad service and by quarters of OASDI coverage

I I Percentage distribution 1

Completed Es- years of rail- (in Perms- road service 1 t$nq Tots1 izuy;d

under OASDI’

--- Total ________ 1,229 100 11

----

30 and over-.-- m-29- - - - - - - _ - _ 267 106 : 10-19----._----

:z 100

under 10 _______ 390 % :“4 I I I

Not permanently insured, by speciaed number of quarters of

OASDI coverage

None 1 t,$$O / 10-19 / 20-39

29

:i 11 5

27 19 14 ---

ii 3 7

(9 2

34 24 29 28 ::

* A completed year of service represents railroad employment, including employment before 1937, in 12-23 alendar months; 2 completed years, 2436 months; and so on.

* Based on 4-percent sample. * Based on special sample of 3,428 employees. Smaller numbers and per-

centages and associated averages may not be statistically reliable. Detail may not add to totals because of rounding.

1 Based on credits acquired in 1937-59, disregarding disability freeze provi- sions and adjusted for Social Security Amendments of 1960.

6 Less than 0.5 percent.

larger proportion, 76 percent, earned less than $2,000 from employment covered by the Social Security Act. Of those dual-coverage workers who received at least $3,000 in railroad com- pensation, 68 percent had incomes of less than $1,000 from other employment. In general, this distribution was similar to that found for em- ployees in 1956.

About one-fourth (61,000) of the 241,000 workers with dual employment worked for a rail- road in all 12 months of 1959. The amount of secondary jobholding is indicated by the size of this group, which represents nearly 7 percent of all 12-month railroad employees in 1959. The outside work was generally of a casual nature;

(Continue& on page 23)

TABLE 3.-Railroad employees in 1956 and 1959, by age, and percentage distribution by insured status under OASDI based only on OASDI covered employment through December 1956 and December 1959

1969 employees 1956 employees

Percentage distribution * T Perecntage distribution 2

Age on birthday in year Number 1 (in

thousands)

Total ____________ ___________ 1,229 100 29

Under35~.__-~~_.~~_~_._~_~~~_ 3644-...---_-_-----_---------- 45-54-..--.-_-_----_----------- 66 and over ____________ _______

, I

Perms- “dfs$y Number 1 nently credits (b

‘EE but not thousands) perma-

OASDI 8 nently insured

-___-

11 60 1,623 _______

lo” 520 348

:: 346 412

Total

100 28

100 6 100 100 2 100 67

Perma- T%%? nently credits insured but not T under perma-

OASDI ’ nently insured

~-

7 64

3 10 2

i 55 24

* Based on I-percent sample. 8 Based on credits acquired in 1937-59, disregarding disability freeze pro- f For 1959, based on special sample of 3,428 employees; for 1056, on special visions and adjusted for Social Security Amendments of 1960.

sample of 2,972 employees. Smaller numbers and percentages may not be 4 Based on credits acquired in 1937-56 and not adjusted for Social Security statistically reliable. Detafl may not add to totals because of rounding. Amendments of 1960.

14 SOCIAL SECURITY

TABLE 7.-Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance: Number of monthly benefits withheld, by reason for withholding pay- ment and type of benefit, June 30, 1961 1

[Based partly on lo-percent sample]

Wife’s or husband’s Par- eut’s

Old-age

Reason for withholding payment 2 Total Disa-

Total Male bility

Female

-~ --

Total ________________________________ 418,097 242,419 173,044 69,375 2,147

Covered or noncovered employment 6 of beneEciary in United States or covered employment 6 of beneficiary outside United States-----..._-____------------ 337,960 226,205 160,537

Noncqvered employment 6 of beneficiary 65,668 _________

outsIde United States _________________ - 612 Covered or noncovered employment 6 in

425 344 81 ____ ____.

United Statesor covered employment 6 outside United States of old-ege bene- ficiary on whose earnings benefit is based- --.____________-.---_____________

Noncovered 45,065 _________ ____ ____ _________ __._ _.._.

employment 5 outside United States of old-age beneficiary on whose earnings benefit is based _______._

Failure to have care of an entitled child-- 77 _______._ .---.-.-- _________ __-_- ___.

Recoupment of overpayment not attrib- 7,131 I...-._-.. ._~_..... ,..... --..

utable to beneficiary’s earnings _________ Disabled person refused to accept reha-

bilitation services- _____________________ Determination of continuing disability

pending _____________.._________________ Payee not determined .._________ -__- _____ Administrative reasons . ..__ -_- ___________

Total Aged wife’s 3

Young Hus- wife’s 4 band’s

63,128 46,103 16,539 486

--- 19,461 90,792 150

__-

13,020 2,805 10,186 29 16,635 82,082 18

58 48 10 0 50 79 0

45,065 40,600 4,028

1,s:

228

67 10 1,456

38

0

190

0

4:: 1,935

0

112 536

2,576

92

6:;

437

0 _____-_

0

0

0

::

. .._._.. ...R;6~ib.i::::::::: _~.~~_..

328 266 23

_.---___ 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _. - 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 607 227 35

1.841 2.463 74 I I

I

1 Benefits withheld from (1) old-age (retired-worker) beneficiaries and their dependents, (2) survivor beneficiaries, and (3) disabled-worker beneficiaries and their dependents, for whom data are shown separately in table 8. Data for child’s benefits withheld are not available for children of retired or de- ceased workers: for children of disabled workers they are shown in table 8.

2 As provided under sections 203, 222, and 225 of the Social Security Act

except for the reason “payee not determined,” in which case benefit pay- mentsare accrued pending determination of guardian or appropriate payee.

3 Wife aged 65 or over, or wife aged 62-64 with no entitled child in her care. 4 Wife under age 65 with 1 or more entitled children in her care. 5 Includes self-employment.

TABLE K-Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance: Number of monthly benefits withheld from disabled-worker beneficiaries and their dependents, by reason for withholding payment and type of benefit, June 30, 1961 1

[Based partly on IO-percent sample]

I I Disability I Wife’s or husband’s I

Reason for withholding payment 1

T:;t; 1 :o:, ~ Fem:I ‘:::,“, ( :z;o ( ::dy chi;;;;l Tx;l

Total-----..-__------------------------------------------ , -.

6,358 ----- __________ 6,079

..___ _-_--_-_-_ 0 246 -_----

i 0” i 586 31 112 616 144 21 647 123 185

Covered or noncovered employment 6 of beneficiary in United States or covered employment 6 of beneEciary outside United States.-...-._-_-___------------.-----------

Noncovered employment 5 of beneficiary outslde United States ________________________________________--------------

Failure to have care of an entitled child ______________________ Recoupment of overpayment not attributable to beneficiary’s

earnings.--------_--------------.---------------------.-.--. Disabled person refused to accept rehabilitation services---- Determination of continuing disability pending ________._.... Payee not determined ____________ - _________________ -_-___-_-_ Administrativereasons..._~--_.--_-- ___________ -_---_-_-_-_-_

82 279

0 .__--

t 268 227 237

0 . 246 _ __-_.

0

6107 760 770

ii 997

1,008 1,192

1 These data, except for child’s benefits, are included in table 7. 2 As provided under sections 203,222, and 225 of the Social Security Act

except for the reason “payee not determined,” in which case benefit pay- mentsare accrued pending determination of guardian or appropriate payee.

3 Wife aged 65 or over! or wife age 62-64 with no entitled child in her care. 4 Wife under age 65 with 1 or more entitled children in her care. 6 Includes self-employment.

RALROAD WORKERS (Continued from page 14)

43 percent of these employees had earnings covered by old-age, survivors, and disability in- surance that amounted to less than $500, and 67 percent had less than $1,000. In 1956,6 percent of the l2-month employees had dual employment, and three-fourths of them earned less than $1,000

in employment covered by old-age, survivors, and disability insurance. In comparing the per- centages, some allowance should be made for the effect of wage increases ; the average hourly wage for production workers, for example, was 7 per- cent higher in 1959 than in 1956.

No comparable data are available on the rate of multiple jobholding in the entire labor force;

BULLETIN, NOVEMBER 1961 23

TABLE 9.-Employment security: Selected data on nonfarm placements and unemployment insurance claims and benefits, by State, July 1961 1

-

Compensated unemployment

All types of UnemPlOYment a L ‘otal unemployment A

;;

!z?ly umber of

bene- ilciaries

Weeks ,verage com- weekly

pensated 3yment

verage veekly uurcd mnem- Ploy- nent J

1.664.717 6,467,314 $32.91 ,958,195

22,617 91.102 22.58 28,443 2,041 8,168 38.03 2,326 7,132 28,616 30.03 9,247

10,892 42,248 22.39 16,259 210,567 839,343 39.95 212,913

5,998 23,454 37.41 7,134 29,353 118,181 34.37 35,765

3,544 14,124 34.14 3,711 4,345 17,882 26.20 5,085

34,378 137,897 27.85 48,005 27,772 101,508 26.97 35,074

4,067 15,907 35.43 5,224 2,488 9,223 33.28 4,497

77,204 305,335 34.45 92,750 36,499 137,060 31.07 40,495

8,663 31,655 29.34 11,397 8,401 32,563 33.83 9,879

21,515 83,926 28.24 30,067 27,310 104,922 29.79 33,008 10,752 42.952 21.06 12,842 29,371 115,509 30.09 30,734 65,805 242,432 35.85 76,087

87,338 18,622 13,lOf 26,826 3,205 3,41c 3,12: 5,03i

70,yzf 6.35t

240,66(

351,156 73,534 51,415

101,529 13,450 13,713 12,456 19,593

267,311 25,010

918,161

35.90 28.64 23.47 28.14 28.62 29.62 37.30 25.87 32.63

;i::;

115,592 22,808 16,267 35,946

3,478 3,568 3,471 6,363

78,829 7,108

269,022

41,32: 1,09(

93,661 15,39d 13,2x

lM1.96! 8.89!

11,58( 13,15!

31%

159,241 21.19 42,693 3,764 26.36 1,546

360,446 40.07 104,611 61,15t 26.15 18.671 50,80f 33.74 16,135

690.7Of 32.10 208,789 36,7Of 13.17 15,994 44,975 28.70 13,912 52,2% 22.09 17,331

2,41: 27.10 805 122,515 23.65 40,947

46,231 3.401 2,721

183.30: 23.75 13,3x 31.38 10,43! 27.99

___-.---- 14,X2: lA,511 l&55! 21.411

1.62,

24.21 31.41 21.71 38.g 39.92

54,536 4,676 3,070

. _ -. _. _. 18,739 31,981 22,534 26,066

1,766

- Weeks or unemploy-

ment covered by continued claims

Initial claims

.- Nonf arm

p1W3- merits

1

-.

._

I_ .- ._

._

._

.-

.-

.-

.-

.-

.-

__ . . ._ ._ .- -- -. -- -. _. __

.-

.-

.-

state

Total 2 Total Weeks corn-

pensated BeneEts

paid 4

3,214,200 S,O95,600

31,230 2,244

12,000 21,322

323,689 11,895 73,453

4,045 8,814

74,200 58,895

6.991.813 --

94,991 8,573

29,954 45,746

884,382 25,191

123,281 14,884 18,250

144,389 116,642

223.977,562

120,785 11,228 38,583 68,093

899,320 30,751

148,982 15,447 21,642

196,387 140,629

I- -IA 2,116.890 324,013

%E 34,923:414

921,220 4,738.424

497,160 475.800

3,956,452 2,907,721

20,948 7,124 17,081 585,635 17,468 9,268 10,448 333,687

397,795 148,896 324,256 10,983.617 175,443 55,133 153,295 4,543.493

46,941 16,747 36,386 1,014,305 40,634 14,051 35,283 1,171,088

128,176 36,672 90,362 2,492.004 141,347 27,711 114,703 3,301,349

54,985 32,030 45,157 943,630 128,471 42,141 123,358 3,631.915 319,409 155,187 276,379 9,307,646

431,354 94,937 69,870

151,487 21,437 15,171 14,561 27,734

324,081 28,47(

1,143.904

102,702 366,818 12.888,758 31,518 78,211 2.190,126 20,700 55,044 1,264,789 52,395 112,668 3,018,754

7,642 13.450 387,297 7,429 14,320 415,237 4,365 13,123 481,146

14,905 21,154 526,831 171,628 297,891 9,475,299

5,589 26,693 755,264 534,203 1,010.770 35,171.744

197,04: 6,944

441,912 80.031 67,84f

869,8&t 66,49t 55,17< 73.13: 3.43i

170,26!

96,644 1.60f

133.56i 30,17i 23,862

305,021

tl%' I f 31.0s

1,65< 64,394

173,564 3,597.878 4,580 119.420

393,376 15.442,644 64,655 1,650.979 55,480 1,834,869

764,253 23,479,665 37.361 489,020 48,635 1.351.824 55.252 1.197.151

2,701 70,375 130,96f 3.039,285

244,92! 18.75: 13. 101

80.46 124.441

95,99 109,72:

8,21

194,lSi 4,537,225 14,281 439.127 11,44E 308,998

_____..... 63,264 69,367 69,54i 89,95i

6.82f

---i.ioi.Sai

2:155:070 1,483,773 3,412,874

267,228

Total.-..---.-.-.

Alabama.. .-.-_ .__ Alaska ..__ -..- . . . . .._ Arizona. ..-. .-. Arkansa....... California -. ..-. Colorado--.-.. ..-. Connecticut--....-.. Delaware----------.. District of Columbia Florida. _____________ Qeorgia.. _ _ _ ..-.

6500,897 1,500,585 572,498

8,829 821

9,266 7,588

52,668 8,779 7*&t;

3,899 15,097 10,265

18,726 5,103 2,677 366 8,438 2,016

11,321 3,617 135,463 40,106

4,912 1,356 33,617 16,151

3,637 655 2,778 1,044

34,437 14,645 22,096 7,753

1,326 4,721

I{, ;;;

6:b72 8,037 4,840 5,920 3,527 6,591

12,059

3,133 4,961

53,424 38,763

7,263 7,657

13,319 20,239

6,770 24,154 71,633

11,322 123,679 8,898 13,054 7,653 9,634 7,884 30,161 3,695 3,400 4,142 2,679 2,784 3,217 1,971 4,150

12,237 67,901 3,863 4,980

61,666 229,318

14,287 38,446 2,104 1,159

15,956 75,703 11,555 10,499

7,540 15,621 17,648 153,514

3.615 11,454 2.132 17,695 7.607 13,354 2, llf 550 8,642 22,764

968 3,276

18,699 10,683

2,678 1,732 3,526 3,615 ;>;;r;

37:767

20,93( 3,78( 2,57c

12,842

1,E 691

2.07: 35,51:

771 112,82!

19.25: 23!

20,651 3,38( 3,871

69,69! 2,65.

11,OO’ 6,00

8.:::

3;m; 10,50!

1:991 ii

11,30: 4.401 32,604 20,20 11,51E 1,51 l&50( 5,25

1,221 22'

Hawaii.... --.-_. Idaho __.... -...-.-.-. Illinois.. _ -. ..-. Indiana..----...-..- Iowa...----.....-... Kansas..m...-.-.-.-. Kentucky..~........ Louisiana-....... Maine. ____. Maryland- _ _-. .- Massachusetts......

Michigan.-.---. .___ Minnesotn--.--..--. Mississippi-. .__-__. Missouri..-.-.---.-. Montana.~......... Nebraska-.......... Nevada-..- New Hampshire.... New Jersey-----.... New Mexico~..~~..~ New York_-.--- . . . .

North Carolina..... North Dakota...... Ohio . . .._____.... -.- Oklahoma. ._.... -.- ORgOn- _ __. Pennsylvania....~.. Puerto Rico ~--.-w-. Rhode Island-----.- South Carolina..... South Dakots...... Tennessec.~~.......

-- .- .- .- ._ ._

TOX~S~.--.-.---..-...~ Utah...- -...-.-._ Vermont -...-.--- Virgin Islands-. ~..... Virginia-. .___........ Washington. -. West Virginia.. Wisconsin.....~ Wyoming . . . . .._

1 Excludes data for the Federal employees’ unemployment compensation program, administered by the States as agents of the Federal Qovernmcnt.

2 Excludes transitional claims. 3 Total, part-total. and partial. 4 Not adjusted for voided benefit checks and transfers under interstate

combined-wage plan.

5 Includes 74 placements made in Guam! not shown separately. 0 Beginning January 1961, under the Social Security Amendments of 1960,

the Commonwealth unemployment insurance program became part of the Federal-State system.

Source: Department of Labor, Bureau of Employment Security, and affiliated State agencies.

the Bureau of the Census, however, reports t,hat the proportion of all employed persons holding two or more jobs declined from five percent to 4 percent between the survey weeks in July 1957 and December 1959. For men, the surveys showed a similar decline-from 7 percent to 6 percent.

CREDITS UNDER OASDI, 193749

During t,he 23 years 1937-59, 71 percent of all railroad employees in 1959 had acquired credits under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance. This percentage is approximately the same as in

24 SOCIAL SECURITY

TABLE lO.-Number of recipients of public assistance in the United States, by month, July 196&July 1961 1

[Except for general assistsnce, Includes cases receiving only vendor payments for medical care]

Year and month

1960

July.---.--..--.-...----------------------- 2,354,864 - - - _ - - - - - -. 789,281 3,006,209 2,317,683 107,876 August ____________ _ ___________ _ ___________. 2,352,956 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 783,804 2,981.683 2,298,493 107,864 September--------------------------------- 2.350,980 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 786,022 2,QQ5,QCHl 2,310,889 October _______ ____________________________

107,740 2,350,123 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 789,782 3,012,526 29324,475 107.672

November--------.------------------------ 2.334,854 12,791 795,047 3,034.379 2,341,789 107,565 December-.-.-.-.-...------.-.----.-.-.---. 2,332,031 14,922 806,312 3,080,257 2,377,353 107,556

1961

January- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2,326,123 16,734 February ___________________________ ________ 2,320,105 18,678 Mareh--...-~-~-~-~.~~-~-..~~~--~~~.~~~~~~. 2,318.077 21,492 April--------.-.---.- _.._ ---.--.- ._..._ ---- 2,302.265 27,898 May-. ._ _. _. _. _ _. _ _ _ _. ._. _. _. ___ _ _ _._. _, 2,300,018 41,388 JUne...~~~.--~.~-~.~~~~~~~-~-~~~~~~-~~~~.~. 2,296,lQO 46,428 JUlY- _ __- _ - - _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 2,291,310 51,571

July-__.-.--------------------------------. August...- ________ ________________________ September- _ _ __ __ ______ ______ ______ _____ __ October ____________________________________ November ______.__________________________ December ____ -- _._______ __________________

1961

January..-------..------------------------. February~~-~~-~~_..--~-~~~~-~~-~~~-~~~~~~. March- ____________________ _ _______________ April ____ __ ______ __ ____ _ ___ __ __ __ __ _ ____ -. _ May- _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ ___ __ _ ___. June~~~~.-~.~~~--~..-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.~-~~~~. July ___.___ ________ ____ __________ _- __ _ ______

Medical Aid to dependent children 1 Aid to the General assistance 6 Old-age assistance

assistance ge::,

I I

tteiEgd ne%$id Families Total ’ Children totally

disabled Cases Recipients

.- -

-

-

-0.2 ____--__-__ -.l ___________ -.l ___________

(6) _ _ _. _. _ _ _ -.6 ______.____ -.l +16.7

--.3 --.3 --.l --.7

1 .- -.2 -.2

-

E%l 840: 220 848,045 868,320 878,332 880,234

Namber of recipients

364,525 366,292

% ii:: 372:417 373,915

363,ooo 932,006 359,000 944,ooo 361,000 958,000 365,000 973.000 385,OGO 1.056.000 431,Ow.l 1,244,oOO

3,118,231 2,406,382 107,182 374.360 477,000 1,434,OOO 3,156,289 2,435,213 106,752 374,728 506,000 1,552,UOO 3.212.228 2,478,101 106,513 377,481 525,000 1,607.OlM 3.242,796 2.502,243 106,201 379,343 497,OOQ 1,478,OOO 3,335,112 2,575,516 105,9Q2 381,203 439,ooo 1,2u5,000 3,382,865 2,613.273 105.608 383,952 406, COO 1,049,000 3,392,775 2,621,252 105,152 385,935 385,000 980,000

Percentage change from previous month

-0.6

7:;

$2 +1.4

+1.1

$3 +:Q

$% +.2

-0.6 -.8

-0.5 -.8 +.5 +.6

.+x

-0.1 (9

-.l -.l

(a)+

-. -. i4 -.2 -. 3 -.2

1::

+0.5 f.5

$:i

$::

-3.6

-11.6 -7.6 -5.0

-3.9

j:::

:i:: +17.5

+g:i 2;:;

-18.5 -12.9

-6.6

1 For deflnltlon of terms see the Bulktin, October 1967, p. 1% All data subject to revision.

children receiving foster-family care, authorized by P.L. 87-31.

a Program initiated in October 1860 under the Social Security Amendments 4 Includes as recipients the children and 1 parent or other adult reletive

of 1860. In families in which the requirements of at Icast 1 such adult were considered in determining the amount of assistance.

8 Beginning May 1961 includes data on aid to dependent children of un- employed parents and, beginning June 1961, data on aid to dependent

I Partly estimated. Excludes Idaho; data not available. 0 Decrease of less than 0.06 percent.

1956. Since the railroad labor force had 3 more years in which to acquire coverage, the propor- tion wit,h such credits might have been expected to increase. That it did not grow is the result primarily of the 25-percent drop in railroad em- ployment from 1956 to 1959 and the even greater drop in the proportions of new railroad employees and of persons reentering the railroad industry.

69 percent of all other railroad employees.

Year of Entry and Pattern of Service

The drop in employment caused separation from the railroad industry of many young workers who were likely to have had employment in other industries. The reduction in the propor- tions of new entrants and reentrants is significant because nearly all of them have already earned old-age, survivors, and disability insurance credits; 92 percent of the new entrants and 98 percent of the reentrants in 1959 had earned some credits in or before that year, in contrast to only

The railroad retirement and old-age, survivors, and disability insurance programs started at about the same time-more than 20 years ago. Thus, the proportion of dual-coverage workers and the average number of quarters of coverage that they have acquired naturally vary with the year of entry into railroad service. Only about one-third of those who entered railroad service before 1938 had earned any old-age, survivors, and disability insurance credits by the end of 1959 (table 2). Of those wit,h railroad service in each of the years 1937-59, fewer than one-fourth had even 1 quarter of coverage. In contrast, 8’7

BULLETIN, NOVEMBER 1961 25

TABLE Il.-Amount of public assistance payments in the United States, by month, July 1960-July 1961 1

[Except for general assistance, includes vendor payments for medical care]

Amount of assistance

1960 July .. ..-.. ...... ..__ ..... ..~_. ........................ $312,623,cG0 August- .___ ................... .._. .................... 314,345,ooO September-...................-~..~ .................... 316,571,OOO October .. _~_~~~.._..........._......~~~.~..-.~.~ ..... 318,543,CHlO Novembw...~ . ..- .~.~_........................~ .. 321,82O,ooO Deeember..........~.......~~~~~~~~~~~~...~~.~ ..... ..- 329,820,MKl

1961 Jsnuary..- -. .~..~..~._.....................~.-~...~ .. 332,828.M)O February.. ............... ........................... 337,174,ooO March __ .................. .._ .. .._ ..................... 345,776.OOO April.......~.~~~ ...................................... 340,934,oOO May _____ .......... . .................................. 341.085,OOO June-......................~.-.-...-.-~~~~ ............ 337,032,ooO July.~~-~--- _.______ ____ -__-- .___ -___- ________________ 336,551,OOO

July..-.~.~~.....~..~.~~.~~.................--...--. August _____ ............... .._.___._..____._._..-- .. ..- September~.....~.........~..........~.......~~ ........ October~........~...~~~~~~.~..~...........~.....~ ..... November~..........~~~~.~~~.~~~~..~................~. December ____ -_- _._____ ______________________________

1961 January-........-.-.--...-.-...-.........-...- ........ February............-.-.-- ............................ March _________..._..._.________...___.-.- ............. April ________ ....... -_.-. .. ..__._....____..___......._ _ May.---. ............................... ~...~.__~~~..~ June- ...................... .............. ..~.~~.~~~__ July .-..._______________.------------.---.-..-.-.-.--- -

-0.2

1::

3;::

+.Q +1.3

5::: (‘1

-1.2 -.1

-

I

-

W61,259,557 161,762.171 161,621,8,53 163,112,944 160,729,459 161,263,557

-

_. -. -. _.

%G%i %3:805:831 89,426,975 90,404,228 92,609,368

$7,852,139 $24.138,385 w3.565,ooo 7.879,502 24.268,CWJ 24,487.cnxJ 7,914.113 24,543,299 24,786,WLl 7,858,274 24,735.817 25.059,ooo 7,831,213 24,894,799 26,921,OIM 7,870,304 25,291,867 30,881,OQll

159,532,704 3,437,412 93,970,368 7,890,OQl 159.460,373 3.852,628 Q&157,323 7,843,293 160,925.261 4,033,741 98,306,279 7,878,02a 157,616,X86 5.890,726 Q&642,239 7.759,134 157,951,881 8,295,631 100,749,032 7,814,707 155,800,211 9,312,876 102,487,778 7.747,143 155,782,944 10,943,079 102,669,262 7,701,987

Percentage change from previous month

$0.5 __...._..____ +.3 __......._... --.l __........... +.Q .._..__

-1.5 ____________- +.3 +lQ. 7

-0.3

+-i:: +.7

+1.1 +2.4

1::: ‘,“:i +2.1 +1.7 +.2

-0.2

$:i -.7

.::

T-

tIE%z 25:699:485 25,909,157 26,310,179 26,182,294 26,400,636

33,810,cna 36,098,Mo g. yll, E

30:082:WJ 26,438.cxM 24,512,ooO

+.3 -.6 f.4

-1.6 +.; -_ -.6

-.3

+g :::i

2;:; +1.5 -16.0

S:i -12.1 -7.3

1 For definition of terms see the BuUetin, October 1957, p. 18. All dots participation; see table 15 for amount for current mouth. subject to revision.

* Total exceeds sum of columns because of inclusion of vendor payments for medical care from general assistance funds and from specinl medical funds; data for such expenditures partly estimated for some States.

8 Program initiated in October 1960 under the Social Security Amendments of 1960. Excludes money payments in Massachusetts not subject to Federal

4 Beginning May 1961 includes payments for children of unemployed parents and beginning June 1961 for children in foster-family care, authorized by P.L. 87-31.

5 Pertly estimated. Excludes Idaho; data not available. 0 Decrease of less than 0.05 percent. 7 Increase of less than 0.05 percent.

percent of those who entered railroad service during 193842 and 94 percent of those whose service began after 1942 had acquired 1 or more quarters of coverage.

Insured Status Under OASDI

Among the 1959 employees, the proportion that had earned old-age, survivors, and disability in- surance credits was much smaller (65 percent) for those with continuous railroad service than for those whose service was noncontinuous (87 percent). The continuous-service employees who had credits under the Social Security Act had acquired, on the average, 16 quarters of coverage, compared with 18 for those with breaks in their railroad service. The group with continuous serv- ice had earned most of their quarters of coverage before they entered railroad service. The non- continuous-service employees, in contrast, had earned most of their quarters after the year of their entry into railroad service.

Eleven percent of all railroad employees in 1959 had sufficient quarters of coverage under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance to be permanently insured. For employees with 10 or more years of railroad service the proportion was 9 percent, and for those with less than 10 years it was 14 percent. (Permanently insured status was determined on the basis of credits acquired during 1937-59, with the disability freeze pro- visions of the Social Security Act disregarded.)

In 1956 only 7 percent of all railroad employees were permanently insured. The increase since then is almost entirely the result of the 1960 amendment to the Social Security Act that re- duced the number of quarters of coverage re- quired for many persons in the older age groups.

Data on dual coverage are more meaningful

26 SOCIAL SECURITY

TABLE 12.-Amount of vendor payments for medical care for recipients of public assistance, by program and State, July 1961 1

state

Totsl~....~.~.~~..~--~-.~~~.~-.-.-.~~.~-.~----..~.~-~ 1 $2.5,391,927 ( $10,943,079 ( $6,436,617

Alabama . .._.__... --- . . .._. -_- .._.. -.--- .._...... -- . . . . . . 360,739 __- _____________ 684 Alasks~.~-.-.....-----.~.~.-~..-~....--...~...~.-.-.....~ ________________ ________________ _______________ Arkansas.....--...~...-...-~.~-.~...-.~...~.-....~~.....- 411,226 ______ - _________ 24,945 California---....-.---....-....-.-.....~...-....-...-..... 2,470,840 __- _____________ 1,079,170 Colorsdo.~~~~~~~.-~.--~....~.-..~..~.~.--.~....~~~.--.... 825,967 ____-___________ 26,351 Connecticut..-----..-......-...--..-~-.----......~..-.... 985,082 ________________ 182,177 Delaware.~~~-~~~~~~~.-...---~-.~.-...-.-.~.-.-.-.-.-.-.- __________-_--__ ____-___-_______ ____________.__ District of Columbia....-.-.-.-.~.---.-.~.~...--....~-..- 29,378 __-_____________ 101 Florida..........-..~..-.-.-.-...~....~....~....-.-...-.-. 586,537 ________________ 47,122 Hawaii.. . . . . .._ _........__ _._.. ._........~ .__... . .._ 7,249 0,446 16,526

Michigan~~..................~..~......~~...........~ .... Minnesota................~....~...................~.~ ... Mississippi...........~~~~....~..~......~...........~~ .... Missouri._...~~.......-~.~.....-..-..................-~ .. Montitna....~.~.......~.~~......~........~.~.........- ..- Nebraska-..--........~.~~.....~-........~-........-.-- .. Nevada~~~~~~~~~..............~.~......~.............~ ... NewHampshirr...............~.......~..~..........~ ... NewJersey.~......................~~-...........-...~ ..- New Mexico.....~.................----.........-....- ...

NewYork-..-.....~.................~~~...........~~~ ... NorthCarolina.....................~............~~..~ ... North Dakoti ..-..- .._ ................ ._ ............ _ ... Ohio~~~~~~............~....~~......~~........~..~....~ ... Oklahoma.~~..........~....~..................~~~....~ ..- $egon: ______........._ .............................. _ .._

56,076 ______._._______ ______________. 2,387,514 ___- ____________ 723,938

547,859 ________________ 170,563 869,399 ._______________ 117,799 356,984 ______________._ 89,212

53,741 1,599 36,902 404,077 __________---_._ 12,500

238,435 __________._____ 60,187 46,581 3% 1,030,614 3,102.890 241:837

750,851 1,657,706 131,250 2,025,385 _______-____.___ 212,858

77.631 ------__-- - ----- __- _.________.- 160,309 _____________.._ 26,061

855 _________-______ _______________ 391,414 ______--_-______ 14,506

16,242 ________._______ ____________ --_ 106,431 ____ -_- _________ 22,639 689,229 _____________.._ _________ _____ 118,080 ________________ 93,081

992.148 5,650,463 108,453 ________________ 277,248 __._____________

1,351,458 ________________ 1.333.770 52,514

508,665 __---___________ 324,268 ._..____________

99,060 __-_- _________ -- 18,269 ___._________.__

‘,37&%3$

31:859 253

170,705 65,658

558,076 103,961

6,123

~eMsylvanla-.~~.....~....~~..................~....-~ ..- RbodeIsland~........~.....~..............~...~~~~~.~ ... South Carolina--.- ._ .. .._ ............... _ ....... .._ ... South Dakota...~...........-..............-....-~...- ... ________________ ________________ ______.___--___

Tennessee .......... ..__.__ .................. ~~_.--. ...... 188,464 ________________ 33,793 Utah _____ .. ._ ....... .._. ~_-. ............................. 132,292 ______-__-______ 51,621 Vermont~~.~~~~.......~.~..........~~......~~~~......~ ..- 119,879 ________-___.___ -_-_____--_____ VirginIslands.. ........................... .__ .......... ~_ 331 283 _ _ _ _ - - - -. .. __ _ - Virginia-.__----.......-........~.........~~-..- .......... 161,905 _______-________ 20,447 Washington~~~......~.~..................~~~.......~~~ ..- 81,869,427 174,218 6 252,917 WestVirginia...................~......~~.........~~~~ ..- 128,234 247,380 166,847 Wisconsin.-........~........~..............-...- ......... 1,729,584 -----_-___------ 225,PO4 Wyoming--..............~-......-.-.-.....--~-....-- . ..- 30,121 ________________ 5,437

-

--

- _.

_. _.

_ _.

_ _.

L

Aid to the blind

$660,156

1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

11,320 114,863

2,405 10,223

788 259

12,628 339

70,;: 29,089 11,985 7,893 2,312 5,099 4,980

705 3,247

14,678 39,841

._- ___________ _ _ _ _ _ - - -. _ - _ _

27,694 1,133 4,823

370 1,185

73,843 9.088

892 29,370

182 3,278

84,898 1,265

658

3,161 2,617

619

9,71; 6 19,651

5,795 36,080

340

-

_.

- __ - _.

- _.

-

Aid to the permanently and totally

disabled

$5,031,142

(3)71 iTi: 231:231

12.649 140,198

.______ --- _.__ 8,954

106,693 7,782

9,578 543,834

‘“‘10 745 56:562

7,713 57,385 36,312

3,739 ml,508

‘E:E .__.______ _---

17,929 _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ - _ -

55,647

?5 166 147: 579 36,036

l,“,“,,;~

45:979 150,056 181,548 115,575 1;:,;;;

6: 880

14,871 39,301

8,080 196

53,551 6 270,579

42,549 258,541

5,346

-

-- _.

_ _. _. _. _.

_.

-.

_ _.

_. _.

-

aenera1 assistance

*$8,541,000

._____-._.____- ’ 13,628

34,239 74,936 83,238

(9 .___-._________

65

.___-_________- ’ 967,112 ‘321,215 ’ 261,346

73,684 .___-----.-.__-

5,770 81,459

140,196

%:~ .____-.________

11,159 ‘260,792 ’ 21,474

’ 139,435 5

254,025 8,043

251,163 ’ 164,592 ’ 16,567

‘1.229,057 (9

88,822 269,458 4 58,442

11,627 ’ 133,529

,______________ 1,191

.______________ 274

’ 11,014 6 242,020

4 16,950 179.965

40,098

1 For the special types of public assistance figures in italics represent payments made without Federal participation. For State programs not shown, no vendor payments were made during the month or such payments were not reported.

2 Includes an estimated amount for States making vendor payments for medical care from general assistance funds and from special medical funds

and reporting these data semiannually but not on a monthly basis. 8 No program for aid to the permanently and totally disabled. 4 Includes payments made in behalf of recipients of the special types of

public assistance. 6 Data not available. 6 Estimated.

when they are related to both the employee’s age and length of railroad service.3 As shown in tables 3 and 4, the proportion of railroad em- ployees in 1959 with no credits under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance increased with age and the length of their railroad service. This finding is consistent with the data on railroad employees according to the year of entry into railroad service and also with the results of the

dual-employment study for 1956.

‘A “year of railroad service” is defined as an accumu- lation of 12 months of service. “Ten years or more” means at least 120 months of service. A “month of rail- road service” is any month for which compensation is paid.

Among railroad employees who had completed at least 10 years of railroad service by the end of 1959,48 percent of those aged 45 and over had some old-age, survivors, and disability insurance credits but only 12 percent had sufficient quarters of coverage to be permanently insured. Of the employees with less than 10 years of railroad service, nearly all-98 percent-of those aged 45 and over had some employment under the Social Security Act and 3 out of 5 already had sufficient quarters of coverage to be permanently insured.

Almost one-fift.h of the employees with 30 or more years of railroad service had old-age, sur-

EULLETIN, NOVEMBER 1961 27

TABLE 13.-Average payment per recipient for all assistance, for money payments, and for vendor payments for medical care, by program and State, July 1961 1 -

I Aid to the blind Aid to the permanently and totally disabled Old-age assistance

Aid to dependent children (per recipient)

All assist- CUlCt?

-

A

ti

_-

iIOIlt?Y PY- nents ) recip- ients

assist- 7endor I I II ante Pay- All

merits assist- 1 #r medi- ance tc al care -~-

vioney PY- merits

) recip- ients

v’endor Pay-

ments )r medi- al care

All assist- ance

doney Pay-

nents ) recip- ients

$66.97

‘endor my- nents r medi- %l care

All assist- ance

37.61

8.37 97.78 70.27

124.03

EL:: 65.78 51.50

22.89 81.77 56.10 87.77

k3 86.41 69.12 55.8C 71.03 65.oc

123.0:

‘Z: f 34.8; 63.2i 71.8( 75.74

18.2; 95.0! 70.6s

107.8< 51.11 99.6: 73.01

%:Z 63.7, 8.6:

86.31 43.2: 65.2

46.01 54.31

E:? 35.1: 59.2

594.81 43.6

105.0 76.3

rendor Pay-

ments ‘I medi- al care

$56.91

Pay-- nents I recip- ients

37.67

$1 31.78 80.97 68.04 64.09 65.80 72.23 55.53 51.60

22.89 73.74 50.46 60.61 (9 64.35 72.96 59.16

ii: 2 64.42

ti: i; 56.28 34.83 62.04 71.80 50.02

3.42 75.21 57.38

73.64 L 48.X I 59.3: I 62.3f , 80.6t i 67.8; I 55.0; I

8.6) i _ 71.3t I 42.3: 5 65.2: I _

44.a 54.3f

Et 33: l! 51.1!

'57.61 37.8: 41.8! 67.2

-

3

t:

.-

.- $73.25

42.02 42.02 73.61 73.61 72.56 72.56 56.50 50.79

104.42 95.89 80.48 71.61 94.30 60.22 69.35 66.41 68.85 67.59 62.67 67.47 52.61 52.61

8.10 71.56 86.43 74.93 97.86 86.92 58.60 81.14 67.31 65.00

2 91 69:95

E: 89.40 73.36 57.64

i95.33 63:3a

113.72 81.48

105.91 38.54 65.00

2: ii 101.04

92.27 38.19 60.22

112.23

2;: 38:54 65.00 72.09 59.91 94.72 72.82 87.7s 56.9:

97.85 55.72 71.03 75.02

ii;: ii 75.81 8.19

so.22 44.95 61.57

76.31 53.9i 61.2: 66.6; 88.8: 74.9t 71.Oi

8.1: 69.2: 44.m 61.5;

47.50 58.33 73.43 62.62 (') 59.39

5 99.72 44.91 89.6.S 72.41

,

,

-

46.3( 58.31 60.1: 57.01

'5:' 5 6 72133

t%I 66.3‘

State

$11.08 $212.19 $30.26

--

I-

I-

, ,

, i

) ._ I ._ ._

t I , 3 -

$13.04

.Ob

r:lg 5g

Is:81 2.23

59.94 _ _ _ _ _ _ - _

3.26 10.24

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 8.03

2% (9

14.88 13.45

3:; 17.00

.58

62.03 23.32

5.04 . _ _ _ _ _ - _ -

1.16 . _ _ _ _ - _ - -

25.73

(23.85 19.83 13.31

34.25 3.09

40.30 10.73 17.83 23.68

8.67 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

15.00 .86

1.40 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

14.63 9.63 2.00 8.03

637.12 5.84

63.15 9.09

$26.36 $1.99 All States--..- $67.99

Alabama __________ 56.80 Alaska. _ __________ 67.58 Arizona- _ _ ________ 60.72 Arkansas __________ 52.12 California- _ _______ 87.86 Colorado- _________ 99.82 Connecticut ---__-- 114.26 Delaware..-------. 49.97 Dist. of Co1 ________ 66.81 Florida ____________ 66.29 Oeorgia- _ _ _ _ _____ _ 47.04

Guam _____ ________ 25.65 Hawaii ____________ 65.46 Idaho- _ ___________ 69.30 Illinois. -__________ 78.02 Indiana-m _ ________ 65.50 Iowa. _ ____________ Kansas ________ ____ E:E Kentucky _________ 51.71 Louisiana. _ _ ______ 71.23 Maiue _.___________ 68.14 Maryland ____ ____ _ 63.84

Massachusetts...-- Michigan __________ %: 2 Minnesota- _ __ ____ 97.23 Mississippi ________ 35.32 Missouri.. _ _______ 61.25 Montana __________ 63.72 Nebraska __________ Nevada- _ _ _ _______ E: iE New Hampshire--- 90.21 New Jersey ________ 91.7c New Mexico- _ _ _ _ 67.32

53.20 67.58

2:;: 78.12 83.39 45.23 49.97 57.14 47.92 47.04

25.55 60.30

2::: 44.53 62.54 69.27 50.75 66.02

E: t;

64.56 66.88 52.70 34.37 59.83 63.69 49.51 71.40 68.13 55.29 56.63

64.13 42.91

i% 69.15 52.60 64.14

8.30 66.18 38.48 64.40

40.54 52.79 50.6E 49.66 30.55 41.6:

5 56.9s 34.11 37.64 64.95

10.15 33.82 30.03 15.12 42.18 32.64 43.26

ii: :t 16.33 23.43

12.14 12.14 33.49 31.87 40.65 40.65 40.24 36.48 23.44 24.67 33.92 30.76 36.61 33.02 24.51 24.03 23.36 23.23 27.16 25.76 29.62 28.18

45.95 36.56 45.56

9.31 24.26 34.21 30.62 30.31 43.16 47.04 32.30

41.59 35.3':

"E 24.OC 34.21 29.4: 30.31 37.75 47.04 29.S

16.37 258.59 2.28 __--------

39.52 __________ 14.99 15.17 ---iei‘os-

31.46 --:-- 6.50 __________

_________ ---------- 15.00 --------

.59 __________ _ - _. - _ _ - - ___--_----

3.50 __________ 18.71 ___..____ -_________ 18.58

17.62 ___.______ 37.63 21.40 __________ 30.a

.62 -_________ 17.65 11.22 ________-_ 23.9i

6 39.95 256.20 '41.83 6.88 51.60 25.32

51.73 -___.-.-.- 45.02 9.84 __________ 37.2$

38.Ot 19.54 35.3! 30.7< 31.4: 39.8: 29.4!

3.71 33.6: 13.91 28.6:

ii: i; 34.31 30.6! 17.6! 23.4!

636.41 23.1' 38.91 35.u

.Ol _ _ - - _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ -

1.02 3.49

.84 6.17

_ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2)

.54

_ _ _ _ - _ - 1.62

_ _ _ _ - - - 3.76 3.77 3.16 3.59

.48

.14 1.40 1.44

4.36 1.21 5.67

_ _ _ _ _ _ _. .26

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ - 1.18

_ _ _ _ _. _. 5.39

_ _ _ _ _. _. 3.10

3.97 .51

4.56 (2)

2.51 2.8: 2.0:

.4(

---2 6 5.41

2.1r 6.0! 1.8t

YIii 8.52 8.97

34.08 2.94 1.26 5.11

YIiS 1.61

24.09 16.59

8.46 13.56

.96 1.83

12.00 1.62

1.49 8.60

37.55

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35.87

6.33 19.45

.40 3.29

21.53 1.75 9.80 8.36

.lO

1E

_ _. _ _. 13.3:

5.55

'2 8

&27:3: 5.9i

"2:

3.60 __________ _ _ _ _. - - - ____------ ___-______-__-----

7.29 __-_---_-- 9.74 _---------

16.43 __________ 69.03 _____-----

________________-_ 9.66 __________ 8.36 __________

_______________---

---a:ij- -----,-‘-‘. 8.51 -.'_!w

34.16 __._._____ 20.97 __________ 26.09 __________ 13.04 _---------

21.60 ______.-__ 6.25 16.64

16.54 13.36 44.53

.95 1.42

.13 27.39

6.43 22.09 36.41 10.65

__________ __________ i 1 __________ _______-__ __________ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. _ , l----------l

New York . ..______ 80.5( North Carolina..-- North Dakota--_-- 2: ’ Ohio ______________ 79:75 Oklahoma .________ 84.3: Oregon. ___________ 84.Oi Pennsylvania.--.-- 70.64 Puerto Rico _______ 8.3( Rhode Island-.-.-- 81.16 South Carolina-_.- 39.0: South Dakota.---- 64.4(

Tennessee _______._ 1 Texas--e-.-.-e-.- Utah ___.__________ Vermont _ _ _ _____ -- Virgin Islands.-.-- Virginia- __ ____ ___- Washington _______ West Virginia--.-- Wisconsin _________ Wyoming... _______

44.01 52.7s 68.s 71.01

696.9: 40.91 89.3: 74.81

medical bills for recipients of the special types of public assistance. 2 Less than 1 cent. 3 No program for aid to the permanently and totally disabled. 4 Average payment not computed on base of fewer than 50 recipients. 5 Estimated.

1 Averages based on cases receiving money payments, vendor payments for medical care, or both. Money payments may also include small amounts for assistance in kind and vendor payments for other than medical care. Figures in italics represent payments made without Federal participation. Averages for general assistance not computed because of difference among States in policy or practice regarding use of general assistance funds to pay

vivors, and disability insurance credits. Only 5 to be permanently insured. Approximately 12

percent however, had sufficient quarters of cover- percent needed 12 or fewer additional quarters

age to be permanently insured, despite the fact to be permanently insured, 18 percent needed 13-

that most of them were in the older age groups 21 quarters, and 30 percent needed 25 or more

and so needed fewer quarters of coverage. quarters.

Sixty percent of all 1959 railroad employees Of all employees aged 65 and over, ‘76 percent

had some coverage under old-age, survivors, and had no old-age, survivors, and disability insur-

disability insurance but lacked sufficient quarters ance credits and 16 percent were already per-

SOCIAL SECURITY 28

TABLE 14.-Old-age assistance: Recipients and payments to recipients, by State, July 1961 1

[Includes vendor payments for medical care and cases receiving only such payments]

TABLE 15.-Medical assistance for the aged: Recipients and payments for recipients, by State, July 1961 1

Payments for recipients

state Number of recipients

Total.. _. __________________ 51,571

Payments to recipients Percentage change from- Total

amount Average

Number of recip- June July

ieuts 1961 iu- 1960 iu- Total Aver-

amount age Nby- Amount Nb:F- Amount

$212.19

%i 46: 581

I : ! 16.64

a3.102,890 193.11 1,657,706 334.48 “,“,“,A;;

’ 283 EELi

174,218 (‘)256.20 247,380 51.60

State

4: 2,799

16,068 4,956

21,851 324

6:: 4,794

Hawaii __.__ __ __ ___ _ _ __ ____ _. __. Kentucky ._____________________ Maryland __________ _ ______ _ ___- Massachusetts-. ._____________. Michigan....------------------ New York-.-------.--.--.----- Oklahoma . . ..__ ----__-_-- ._____ VirginIslands . .._ -- _____ -.-._-_ Washiugtou.. _____ ______. -_-_- West Virginia ._________________

Total 2

Ala--.. Alaska-. Ariz-.-. Ark-..-. Calif-- co10.2. _. ComL- Del...- D. C-e-. Fla.--. CSa---.-.

Mass-- MI&-- Mti... Miss.... MO.-- Mont... Nebr--- NeV-.- N. H.-e N. J-.-e N. Mex

N. Y-m. N. C.-e N. Dak. Ohio-.. Okla..- Oreg-... Pa....- P. R-w.

is%::: S: Dak.

E::: Utah.-- vt..--.

2::: Wash. 7. W. Vs.. Wis---. wyo---

2,291,310 $155,782,944 $67.99 -0.2 (8) -2.7 -3.4 -___- ---

100,103 5,685,894 56.80 1,420 4 95,964 67.58

+0.2

14,134 858,254 60.72 (8) 56,376 2,938,332 52.12 --.l -.7 +1.2

253,622 22,284,324 87.86 50,277 5,018,506 99.82

-1:: -4.1 -2 k;:: +1.4 -3.1

14,270 1,630,472 114.26 1,196 59,767 49.97 +2.9 +2:; -2; 7 3,040 203,097 66.81 -:2

-3

70,138 3,947,787 56.29 f.1 95,294 4,482,180 47.04 (3) --.l -1.2 -1.7

1 Figures in italics represent program under State plan not yet approved by the Social Security Administration. Ail data subject to revision.

2 Average payment not computed on base of fewer than 50 recipients. 8 Excludes $98,442 in money payments not subject to Federal participation

TABLE 16.--iZid to dependent children of unemployed parents: Recipients and payments to recipients, July 1961 1

State

Number of Payments to recipients recipients

NUUl- ._ gmYf Average per-

ilies Total 2 2,“; Total

‘“i.2 -8.5 -4.3 -4.6 -2.2 -3.1

t-i -5.3

-.l

(5) +.5

-8.5 -4.1 -1.2 t-6.6

(9 +2.3

-2: +3.0

-20.5 -34.1 -7.8 -3.7

104 2,657 1,407 92,088 6,593 456,879

69,897 5,453,351 26,128 1,711,362 33,324 2,953,547 27,384 2.253,981 55,980 2.894,743

126,187 8,987,756 11,090 755,670 9,630 614,775

(9 -2.2 -9.1

-.5 -.l -.5

(29.3 -23.8

7 ---To

3 --?4 +3.5

7:: +.2

25.55 65.45 69.30 78.02 65.50 88.63

K37: 71.23 68.14 63.84

--.51

3:: $G . I

62,316

2% 81: 440

112,943 6,447

14,288 2,527 4,819

18,928 11,090

5.053,682 81.10 4,509,793 80.24 4,422.667 97.23 2,876,566 35.32 6,917,813 61.25

410,791 63.72 1,098,804 76.90

196,675 77.83 434,733 90.21

1,735,783 91.70 746,682 67.33

--.7 -.

: 7:4 --.4 --.6 -.6 -. -. ;

7:;

-.8 (9 +2.6

-+i$ -1:4

%.O

----l-l- ~~~ I I $4,160,070 $148.42 $31.44

-2.11

-2 $:Y

+16.1 +1.8 +.6

-44.6 +3.5

pi

-7.9 +3.1 -2.6 -1.4 -3.6

-. 4

Total-. ..__.__. 1 28,029 1132,316 /104,490 2::; -4.8 -4.0 -2.8

l$;;;

676:355

xii 1,432:886 1,593,569

2 ii: 118:600

168.78 38.46 134.28 26.13 228.88 41.83 154.12 31.01 137.74 32.39 154.11 31.42 123.76 27.62 160.22 36.57 122.75 28.33 178.88 40.80

Couuecticut.......~ 758 3,326 2,568

Hawaii .________.... 130 668 Illinois _____ -__.--_- 2,955 16,170 13,:: Marylaud...------- 170 845 675 Massachusetts.---- 266 1,131 875 New York ___._.___ 9,298 45,600 36,324 Pennsylvania-.---- 44,854 Rhode Island...---

12,;;; 5;,!:;

Utah ______.._....._ 423 1:a33 1,657 1,410

Washington .__...__ 663 2,907 2,244

4,879,297 2,149.555

670,911 ;y;;

1:359:042 3,522,111

313,664 536,118

1,203,092 544,666

60,610 47,567

7,016 90,144 87,898 16,167 49,853 37,809

6.604 30,790

8,458

-25.8 -1.5 -3.1

5::; -4.7

-3:: -2.5 -4.0 -3.8

1 Payments for children of unemployed parents under aid to dependent children were authorized by P.L. 87-31. Data for this segment of the pro- gram, shown separately here, are included in table 17. State plans not Yet approved by the Social Security Administration. AII data subject to reVi- sion.

2 Includes as recipients the children and 1 parent or other adult relative lu families in which the requirements of at least 1 such adult were considered iu determining the amount of assistance. 2”:;

-8.6 +12.5

53,847 2,371,633 220,453 11,637,02a

7,509 612.695 5,602 398,055

531 16,564 14,431 762,906 46,800 4.536,427 18,639 763,974 33,432 2,987,921

3,062 229,055

44.04 --.3 52.79 -.I 68.28 -.l

71.06 31.19 52.87

g

96.93 _______ __. 40.99 -.2

89.37 74.81 -4

-1.2 5

-20 +.a

-3.8 --.5

manently insured. Eight percent had some credits but not enough to be permanently insured.

_ _ _ _ -. - +::B”

--.8

_ _ _. _ _ _ -3.5 -4.8 -6.0

1 For definition of terms see the Bulletin. October 1957. D. 18. All data subject to revision.

2 Includes 3,727 recipients aged 60-64 in Colorado ?nd payments of $338,105 :yo;hese recipients. Such payments were made wlthout Federal participa-

8 tiecrease of less than 0.05 percent. 4 In addition, supplemental payments of $4,285 from general assistance

funds were made to 24 recipients. 5 Percentage change not computed on base of fewer than 100 recipients. 6 Increase of less than 0.05 percent. 7 Estimated.

WORKERS ELIGIBLE UNDER BOTH PROGRAMS

Employees who have 10 or more years of creditable railroad service and who are also per- manently insured under old-age, survivors, and disability insurance are eligible for benefits under both programs upon attainment of the minimum retirement age. By the end of 1959, a total of 839,000 railroad employees who worked in the year had at least 10 years (120 months) of rail-

BULLETIN, NOVEMBER 1961 29

TABLE 17.-Aid to dependent children: Recipients and payments to recipients, by State, July 1961 1 [Includes vendor payments for medial care and cases receiving only Such payments] -

I -

-- Number of recipients Payments to recipients Percentage change from-

T State N”zber families

-

--

Total ’ Children

3,392,775 2,621,252

Alabama--.----._--.------.--- Alaska. __ ________.________. -__ Arizona ___________ -- ______ -__. Arkansas __._____________ _____ California __._____ -- ____ --- ____ Colorado- _____._______ --__.-__ Connecticut 2 ..___ _.___ ______ Delaware _____________ ________ District of Columbia _____.___ Florida.-------..-_------------ Qeorgia--.---.-.--_.---------.

21,385 1,200 y3;;

8s":;;;

8:515 1,826 5,529

23,958 16,096

86,457 67,814 4,166 3,139

35.850 27,617 24.523 18.894

309,482 244,155 31,375 24,618 29,543 22,170

7,060 5,509 24,809 19.838 87,718 69,805 59,672 46,145

Quam_.--.-_---.---_------.--- 161 927 Hawaii a 4 _________ _______ -.__ Idaho-e. ___________________.__

2,548 10,223

Illinois 3 4 . .._______________ -_._ 2,396 8.973

Indiana. _ _ _______.._________ -- 44,970 192,501

Iowa~~~~~~-._~~._~..~~~~~~~.-- 12,151 45,260

Kansas--.-----.---_----------- 10,103 37,296

Kentucky .__._____ -- _______... 6,491 24,843

Louisiana 4 __._____..___.___ -_- 21,487 76,879

Maine .____________.______..-. 22,323 91.858

Maryland 3 4 _____ -- ____ ----___ 5.807 20,869

10,184 43,131

Massachusetts 3 __.._ ________.. Michigan _.._____ -__- ____ -_-___

16,521 30.258

Minnesota .._______ ____ -_--__. Mississippi-. ______.______.._ --

10,765

Missouri. _ _ ______..._____.._ -_ 20,786

Montana-_-_- ________._.._._ -- 26,434

Nebraska- _.__ _ ____.____...._ -- 1,965

Nevada _____ -_._ ___.________ -- 3,139

New Hampshire . .._._____.___ 1,273

New Jersey.. .______._ ______ -_ 1,096

New Mexico .._.____.__....._. 18,933

7,646

New York 8 ______ -- ______ __._ North Carolin& .___.____...._ -_ North Dakota _____ ______ --_.. Ohio--.------.-.--.-------.--- Oklahoma-_- _____.______.._ -- Oregon _________._ - ________ -_.. Pennsylvania 3- ___-_____- _._.. Puerto Rico _____ -____-__- _____ Rhode Island J--- _____ _______ South Carolina ______ _--- ______ South Dakota _.____._ ________

81,2i2 "yg

31:896 ‘y;

66: 898 58,424

5,315 9,410 3,194

Tennessee--.-.--_------------- Texas-..-----.---..----..-.--- Utah 3 .______ __.__.______.._ -- Vermont. _ __.__.__ _____ - _._._ Virgin Islands-- __.._ __._ _ __ _- Virginia _._____.______ ______ -- Washington 8 6 _..____ -- ______ West Virginia. _____.__ _______ Wisconsin’__.. -- ____.. --_-___ Wyoming--~-~---_._..-~--~~~~

55,464 41,160 108,841 80,024 37,429 29,242 81,201 63,731

101,799 77.467 7,321 5,794

12,243 9,432 4,411 3,482 4,197 3,175

67,57G 51,345 30,049 23,214

333,835 110.791

7,007 127.094

68.025 23,001

;;;. ;ig

19:so2 37,520 11,241

%.z 4:131 1,321

‘ lO,Z 13,411 20,21( 10,201

78(

84,555 79.127 15,493

4,739 928

42.407 46.571 77.94: 37,306

2,887

--

_- $1’

1

1

/

-

Average per- June 1961 in- July 1960 in-

N”%ber recipients

Amount

Total amount

--

I

, ,

I -

-

Number of

wipients Recipient Amount

+0.2 02.669,262 $116.64 $30.26 +12.9

771 8,147 6,632

150,089 34,312

%f 57:733 71,400 15,329 33,964

255,321 85,686

5,473 96.887 51,804 17.068

208,082 182,107

14,996 29,779

8.467

64,272 60,426 11,648 3,548

780 33,263 36,350 60,755 28,454

2,228

878,397 41.08 140,913 117.43

1,076,467 121.91 395,821 61.35

4,133,408 162.58 1,050,463 129.19 1,460,234 171.49

160,874 88.10 847,947 153.36

1.479,674 61.76 1,398,091 86.86

11,252 342,338 364,760

:, ;;$ “3;:

1:265:072 909,56~

1,884,142 2.146,064

561,464 1,277,491

69.89 134.36 152.24 172.24 105.94 125.22 140.13

87.69 96.14 96.69

125.44

2,548,398 154.25 3,9X,445 131.25 1,705,358 158.42

756,267 36.38 2.469,575 93.42

250,427 127.44 374,842 119.41 133,701 105.03 181,141 165.27

3,179,070 187.91 970.619 126.94

4,036.263 2,221,485

279,579 3,913,948 2,310,315

981,716 8,561,162

861,944 769,953 529,794 321,868

172.71 79.66

149.27

:;;: 2 148.63 127.97

14.75

%% 100.7;

1,581,921 70.2: 1,470,391 77.2:

583,043 141.14 145,454 110.11

16.418 61.0: 1.016.648 97.4s 1,948,417 145.21 1,973.113 97.6: 1,679,998 164.6<

107,626 137.91

10.16 33.82 30.03 16.14 45.67 33.48

ii: :i 34.18 16.87 23.43

12.14 33.49 40.65 40.24

ii: ii 36.61 24.51 23.38 27.18 29.62

45.95 3G.56 45.50

9.31 24.26 34.21

2% 43.16 47.04 32.30

42.05 20.05 39.90 30.80 33.96 42.68 31.50

3.79 38.88 14.12 25.63

18.71 18.58 37.63 30.69 17.69 23.97 41.83 25.3: 45.03 37.28

-9.5 -. 5” +1:5

7:: +.; -.

+3.0

t::; +2.6 +.; --1:5

$2 +-ii +.1

+1.2

pi-.; -. -.l

7:; -4.8 $1.4

-.l

+;:;

+J:B” (5)

-8.1

7:: -.1 -.8 0

+.3

+,:: -1.8

“,“:i ___-_____-

-1.3 -.2

-1.9

-.4

-52 -9.5 -3.6

-2: 9 8

-G:t +1.0

-.a

-12.6

it:; +2.8 +.2

-1.8 -1.3 +1.5

+.6

‘,:

‘,“:t -1.7

-.l

7:::

+,:i

+j;i

A-,“:; -1.5 +I.8

-2: +6.1

7:; -8.8

-12.8

+.2 +7:: -1.7 +2.s

(9 - _. _. _ _ _

-1.4 +1.1 -4.4

+1.5

+gi +15.3 +1o.s +17.3

j%:: --.9

+7.3

“,% +15: 1 +28.5

+7.3 t-10.1

$E -10.2

+2.4 d-21.5

t:::: +s.o +5.5

$:i f15.4 +i;:;

+2”,: 7

f$Y3 +.8

‘:E $2: :

i-4.7

‘7::: +2.4

k;:;

%: t1.c

+12.t -.__--___.

-2.c +8.E

f14.E

+19.9

+15:: +10.9 3-22.4 d-14.6

+1.: +6:0

+50.5 -!-9.4

$2:

$Z

$;:I -11.7

+1.2 -?-21.8

$2

q”4:: +7.5

-t-11.0 +19.5

‘,Z +31.7

-.l

+25.8

%:F i-24.1

++Ei

$29” +27.6

-.6 -6.0

+3.5 +4.2

+21.3 +5.3

$2:: _____--..__

+1.6

,

1 For definition of terms see the Bulletin, October 1957, p. 18. All data subject to revision.

2 Includes as recipients the children and 1 parent or other adult relative in families in which the requirements of at least 1 such adult were considered in determining the amount of assistance.

8 Includes data on aid to dependent children of unemployed parents; see table 16.

1 Includes data on foster-family care as follows: Hawaii, $45 for care of 1 child from 1 family; Illinois, $4,322 for 34 children from 17 families; Loui~iina, $1,159 for 16 children from 5 families; Maryland, $678 for 13 children from 6 families; and Wisconsin, $916 for 25 children from 16 families.

6 Increase of less than 0.05 percent. 0 Estimated.

road service, including service before 1937. About old-age, survivors, and disability insurance. The 76,000 or 9 percent were also permanently in- doubling of the number of employees qualified to sured under the Social Security Act. receive benefits under both programs resulted

Three years earlier, 928,000 employees had 10 largely from the 1960 amendment to the Social or more years of railroad service ; only 37,000 Security Act that relaxed the insured-status (4 percent) could also qualify for benefits under requirements.

30 SOCIAL SECURITY