Railroad Construction

CEM 2043

S E N G H A N S E N RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Definition of railroad construction

Characteristics of railroad construction

History of railroad and its impact to industry

Construction elements of railroad

Social, economical and energetic aspects

Rail transport around the world

Case study

DEFINITION OF RAILROAD Track: the structure consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties, and ballast, plus the underlying subgrade. It is also known as permanent way.

Rail transport: a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rails. It is commonly referred to as train transport.

Rail vehicles are directionally guided by the tracks on which they run. Track usually consists of steel rails installed on ties (sleepers) and ballast.

Train: a connected series of rail vehicles that move along the track.

Annual Report 2013 PT. KAI

HISTORY OF RAILROAD & ITS IMPACT TO INDUSTRY

Pre-steam Steam Electrification &

Dieselisation Modern

(innovative)

Horsecar in Brno, Czech Republic

"Brno, Brno Msto, historick kosk tramvaj" by Aktron / Wikimedia Commons.

Diolkos wagonway - 6th century BC in Greece. Germany 1350 AD

James Watt patented steam engines in 1769.

Richard Trevithick demonstrated the first

locomotive in 1804.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/5051_Earl_Bathurst_Cocklewood_Harbour.jpg

1902, the first conventional electrified

railway with 106 km length in Italy

"Shinkansen type 0 Hikari 19890506a" by Cassiopeia sweet - Photo by Cassiopeia sweet..

Intermodal, just-in-time-environmental impact,

public safety

"Porters waiting to go inside the train" by Sakurai Midori - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Porters_waiting_to_go_inside_the_train.JPG#/media/File:Porters_waiting_to_go_inside_the_train.JPG

CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILROAD

Right of way

Construction

Train Inspection Systems

Signalling

Electrification

Stations

Buildings Telecommunication

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Right of way

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The first railway line in Indonesia started operations in 1867. The railways were gradually expanded by both state and private railways.

The Japanese occupation and the Indonesian War of Independence left Indonesia's railways in a poor condition. A batch of 100 steam locomotives were ordered in 1950, and in 1953 the first mainline diesel-electric locomotive was purchased from the US. Dieselisation continued apace, and by the 1980s most mainline services have been dieselised. Electric multiple units were also obtained from Japan beginning in the 1970s, replacing 60-year-old electric locomotives.

Wikipedia

Since the independence era, all mainline railways in Indonesia have been managed by the government. The owners of the private railway were compensated first, but the system was fully nationalised in 1971.

Construction of new railway lines has been few and far between, and most new construction is concentrated on double- and quad-tracking of existing railway lines. Most of the former tramway lines have been closed, reducing the mileage from about 7000 km to only 3000 km.

A plot of land area belonging of the public estate and on which will be (or have been) constructed a road, a railway track, a waterway and their dependences.

WHAT IS RIGHT OF WAY OR TOTAL LAND REQUIREMENT?

Buildings

BALAI YASA

OFFICES

RUMAH DINAS

SIGNALLING HOUSE

WATER TOWER

a place that is used for the repair or maintenance of railway facilities which include a locomotive, carriage or wagon. Village hall serves to maintain the quality of railway facilities so that proper operation

venue of the railway administration, the locus of executive and so on. However, the office is not just a place to work, but rather as a means of service activities and the provision of information to the public

buildings for shelter owned by company that is occupied by an employee of the company

buildings which are generally separate from the station that was created to help operate the system notes and signals. usually every station has two home signal

building that serves as a water storage and distributed through a water pipe for the benefit of the station, depot or village hall.

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BALAI YASA TEGAL BALAI YASA PADANG

BALAI YASA SURABAYA

BALAI YASA PENGOK

BALAI YASA MANGGARAI

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Stations

DAOP 1

DAOP 2

DAOP 3

DAOP 4

DAOP 5

DAOP 6

DAOP 7

DAOP 8

DAOP 9

DIVISI REGIONAL 1

DIVISI REGIONAL 3

JAKARTA

BANDUNG

CIREBON

SEMARANG

PURWOKERTO

YOGYAKARTA

MADIUN

SURABAYA

JEMBER

SUMUT & ACEH

SUMSEL http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Jakarta-Kota.jpg

Signalling

Signalling equipment is a set of facilities that serve to provide cues such as color or shape that is placed at a certain place and gives a signal with a certain sense to regulate and control the operation of the railway.

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Siemens & Halske semi otomatis Siemens & Halske manual

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Persinyalan alkmaar

Telecommunication

A set of facilities used for the delivery of information and / or communication in order to help the security, safety and smooth operation of the railway

Vehicles

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Kereta api listrik di Stasiun Bogor, Indonesia. Dari kiri ke kanan: KRL buatan Jepang (Nippon Sharyo) angkatan awal (1978-1984), KRL buatan Bombardier/Holec angkatan 1996, dan KRL dengan badan baja tahan karat buatan Jepang angkatan kedua (1986/1987)

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Electrification

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http://heritage.kereta-api.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/[email protected]

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Tunnels

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Wilhelmina tunnel is the longest railway tunnel in Indonesia. This tunnel has a length of 1116 meters. Built by the railway company SS (Staats Spoorwegen) and was built in 1914 and put into use on January 1, 1921. However, this tunnel then becomes inactive as the closure of railway line Banjar - Cijulang (82 miles) on 3 February 1981 because the high cost of operation and at least revenue from railway passengers.

Bridges

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Cibisoro Bridge, located at Cilame near Padalarang station

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS OF RAILROAD

A steel bar or continuous line of bars laid on the ground as one of a pair forming a railway track.

It is one of the cross braces that support the rails on a railway track

It forms the track bed upon which railway sleepers are laid

Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a single railway line

SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL & ENERGETIC ASPECTS

ENERGY

Rail transport is an energy efficient but capital intensive.

Comparison in terms of cargo capacity Human carry 1 tmi/day Horse carry 4 tmi/day Horse cart on good pavement carry 10 tmi/day Fully utility truck carry 20,000 tmi/day Long haul train carry 500,000 tmi/day

IN AVERAGE, TRAINS ARE 20x MORE EFFICIENT THAN AUTOMOBILES. Lisbon case study. An automobile consumption around 6 l/100 km gasoline, occupancy around 1.2 passengers/automobile. 1 litre of gasoline = 8.8 kWh. This is equating to an average of 441 Wh per passenger-km. Compare to a modern train with an average occupancy of 20% and a consumption of about 8.5 kWh/km. This equating to 21.5 Wh per passenger-km. 441/21.5 = 20x

Railway Safety


RAIL TRANSPORT AROUND THE WORLD SHINKANSEN

"Shinkansen0-N700" by Pagemoral - Contributor Pagemoral takes a photograph. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen0-N700.JPG#/media/File:Shinkansen0-N700.JPG

The maximum operating speed is 320 km/h (200 mph)

"Shinkansen map 201503 en" by Hisagi - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shinkansen_map_201503_en.png#/media/File:Shinkansen_map_201503_en.png

MAGLEV

"A maglev train coming out, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai" by User Alex Needham (own photography) on en.wikipedia - Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is (was) here. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg#/media/File:A_maglev_train_coming_out,_Pudong_International_Airport,_Shanghai.jpg

The Shanghai Maglev Train, also known as the Transrapid, is the fastest commercial train currently in operation and has a top speed of 430km/h.

CASE STUDY



A man who has never gone to school may steal from a freight car; but if he has a university education, he may steal the whole railroad..

Franklin D Roosevelt

end terima kasih

Copyright acknowledgement: Some pictures and materials are taken from other sources and therefore I do not own them. Their usage is for educational purposes only. All rights of these pictures and materials go to the respected owners.

Railroad Construction

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