Radionuclide Transport in River Systems

EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU: “Monitoring and Warning System for the Ob/Irtysh River Basin”, Service Contract 99310, funded by the European Union

Radionuclide Transport Model

EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU Service Contract 99310

Harald KalkaUIT GmbH

Zum Windkanal 2101109 Dresden

Stakeholder-Meeting, Obninsk, 26/27.02.2008


The Extraordinary Task

... requires a pragmatic approach.

Ob-Irtysh-BasinD


Criterions of Science ( Ideal Model )

logical coherence

simplicity and elegance

experimental adequacy


There are many River Models.

CE-QUAL-W2

TRANSFER

Com

plex

ity

Model Space

rivNET

RIVTOX

this project


Why a New Model ?

Huge River System(with Floodplains)

Site-Specific (“made-to-measure”)1

Fast ScenarioAnalysis

no “Black-Box”

Implementation into Warning System2

High Flexibility3Easy Problem-HandlingOpen for Extensions


Task 5

Project “Monitoring and warning system for the Ob/Irtysh river basin – Russian Federation” EUROPEAID 121579/C/SV/RU Service Contract 99310 Interim Technical Task Report 05 – EAP RU 06 - ITT05- Final

Report on Task 5.1

Final Version, 30.05.2007

The European Union’s TACIS Programme Russian Federation

This project is funded by the European Union

A project implemented by the Consortium WISUTEC Wismut

Umwelttechnik GmbH, Stoller Ingenieurtechnik GmbH and Wismut GmbH, supported by UIT GmbH Dresden and led by WISUTEC GmbH Chemnitz

Complete Model Description

Aug 2007

Dec 2007

Task 5.1

Task 5.2


Mat

hem

atica

l Bac

kgro

und


contamination source junction of two rivers

Contamination SourceJunction of Two Rivers

Compartment Structure

1D-Rivers + Floodplains = 1.5 D Model


Radionuclide Transfer

solute colloidal

river segments

wind erosion

flood-plain

flood-plain

flood-plain

flood-plain

wind erosion

(seasonal)

(perennial)

Transport

deeper deposits

bedsediment

bedsediment

bedsediment

bedsediment


River Flow Hydraulics

Sediment Transport

Nuclide Transport

Hierarchy of Submodels with

Floodplai

ns

The Basis


The Basis: Flow Hydraulics

nonlinear PDE

Low Inertia approximation

2

2in

xQDv

xQq

tQ

h

v

QSaint-Venant Eq.


Flow Hydraulics

Q(t0) Q(t)

Initial Condition

B

hA

mass conservationmomentum conservationSt Venant Eq (1851)

B)t(h)t(vAvQ


Input Data

90 Sr

137Cs

j(t) in Bq/s

Hydrological Data

Initial Concentrations ( t = 0 )

Radionuclide Sources

Model-Space Discretization

Geometrical / Global Data


Hydrologic InputQ

(tim

e) H (t)

GeometryJan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

19821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

annual monthly

or

H (Q)

The Model

+

floodplains

river channel


Test of Numerics

0,95

1,00

1,05

1,10

1,15

1,20

0 40 80 120 160 200 240Distance [km]

Wat

er S

tage

[m]

our model

exact

Distance [km]

Wat

er S

tage

[m]

t = 6 h t = 12 h

t = 24 h

Open Channel Flow


Model Validation & Calibration

1

2

with Floodplain Inundation

Fast Scenario Simulations

Radionuclide Transport

River System

Water Flow / Water Budget


First Model CalculationsRiver Techa – 1998 to 2004

time step Dt = 30 min

207 km with 50 cells á 4 km

Computer Time = 30 s

about 50 runs / dayModel Calibration


Techa River

0,00,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,21,31,41,5

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Dam 11 Muslyumovo Pershynskoe

05

101520253035404550556065707580

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Dam 11 Muslyumovo Pershynskoe

Water Stage [m]

Discharge [m³/s]

normal

Spring Flood

seasonal (monthly)

annual

Extreme Fluctuations !!


Floodplains

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

upper reach middle reach lower reach

uppermiddle

lower

1 km 3 km100 m

20 m

Floo

dpla

in W

idth

[m]

25 m

Techa River


Floodplains

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

25.03.03

04.04.03

14.04.03

24.04.03

04.05.03

14.05.03

24.05.03

03.06.03

13.06.03

-2,0

-1,5

-1,0

-0,5

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

25.03.03

04.04.03

14.04.03

24.04.03

04.05.03

14.05.03

24.05.03

03.06.03

13.06.03

Floo

dpla

in W

idth

[m]

Inflow [m³/s]

Backflow

Techa River

Backflow Inflow


Transport of Radionuclides

S)CC(AqC

xCAD

xA1

xCv

tC

adsin

in

f)CC(hS1)CC(

ASSq

Cx

CADxA

1x

Cvt

C SBads

SSin

ininS

S

S

SS

dispersionsolute

colloidalsources

sediment

advection decay

adsorption

Sediment Transport


Radionuclides

Bq/L

Concentration in River Water

Model Calculations

0

5

10

15

20

25

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Muslyumovo Pershinskoe

0,00,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,0

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Muslyumovo

Pershinskoe

Sr-90

Cs-137


Scenario A

Sr-9

0 [ k

Bq/L

]

Muslyumovo

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

day 0 day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210

day 0 day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5

Dam 11 Pershynskoe

April

August

Sr-9

0 [ k

Bq/L

]

90Sr input at Dam 11

1 day

100 59 kBq/s

annual mean 2004


The Software

Fast running model

Modular Design in C++

Online Graphics

... Interface to Database System


The Unseen World

Object OrientedProgramming

103 to 104 Lines

C++


Two Types of Simulation

FlowHydrau

lics

TransportAccu

mulationsolute Sediment colloidal

Fast Scenarios(Warning System) X X

Long-Term X X X X X

requires additional Parametersfor sediment and adsorption


End of Presentation.

Khanty-Mansysk 2007

Radionuclide Transport in River Systems

Environment

Transcript of Radionuclide Transport in River Systems