Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1

8/10/2019 Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1

1/70

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved

www.huawei.com

Internal

OMF000004

Radio Frequency Part and

Antenna

ISSUE 2.1


2/70

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 1

RF components are widely used in

wireless system, and effect performanceof network


3/70


Upon completion this course, you will be able to:

Understand the structure and features of

combination unit

Master the key specifications of antenna

Be able to choose the suitable type of RF

component


4/70


Chapter 1 RF Part in BTS

Chapter 2 Antenna

Chapter 3 Feeder and TTA


5/70


RF Device of BTSAntenna

TTA

Antennastand

Jumper betweenantenna and TTA

Jumper betweenTTA and feeder

Feeder

Lighteningarrester

Jumper betweenlightening arresterand cabinet

BTS312

cabinet

SWITCH BOX

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

M

U

T

M

U

T

E

S

T

E

U

T

E

U

C

D

U

C

D

U

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

C

D

U

C

D

U

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

C

D

U

C

D

U

TDU

FAN BOX

AIR BOX

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

S

U

P

M

U

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X

T

R

X


6/70


Introduction

RF device in BTS include two parts

Indoor: combiner and splitter unit

For example: CDU module, SCU module and EDU module

Outdoor: antenna, feeder, TTA (tower top amplifier), jumper and

lightning arrester


7/70HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Page 6

Function of Combiner and Divider

Use one antenna to support multiple TX/RX

signals, decreases the amount of antenna and

feeder

Complete duplexer of TX/RX and combine TX signal

filter, amplify and split the RX signal

Provide power for TTA


8/70


CDU (Combining and Divider Unit)

Tx1

Tx2

Tx_Comb

Tx_Dup

combiner duplexer

divider

divider

amplifier

filter

Rx1Rx2

Rx3Rx4

Rx5

Rx6

Rx7

Rx8

HL_out

HL_in

RxD_out

RxD

Tx/Rx_ANT


9/70


SCU (Simple Combiner Unit)

TX1

TX2

TX3

TX4

TX -Comb

combiner

combiner

combiner


10/70


EDU (Enhance Duplexer Unit)

Tx1 duplexer

divider

amplifier

Rx1

Rx2

Tx/Rx_ANT1

divider

amplifier

Rx1

Rx2

duplexerTx/Rx_ANT2Tx2


11/70


Comparison among Different Combining Units

combine

mode

typical lossvalue of

TX(dB)

pricecomparison

(per TRX)

CDU

combine twoTX signal

one step 3dBcombiner

4.5 middle

SCUcombine fourTX signaltwo step 3dB

combiner

6.8 low

SCU+CDU

combine fourTX signal

two step 3dBcombiner

8 low

EDU no combinerdouble duplex 1 middle

Double CDU( with combiner)

no combinerdouble duplex

1 high

Double CDU( without combiner)

combine twoTX signal

double duplex4.5 middle


12/70


ECDU&ESCU

ECDU

The structure is the same as CDU's, but increase MAX. input

power. It can bear up to100W input RF power

ESCU

The structure is the same as CDU's, but increase MAX. input

power. It can bear up to100W input RF power


13/70


S4/4/4 2CDUTx/RxM_ANT1 RxD

CDU_1Duplexer

Combiner Distributor Distributor

Tx/RxM_ANT2 RxD

CDU_2Duplexer

Combiner Distributor Distributor

Tx TRx0RxM

RxD

Tx TRx1RxM

RxD

Tx TRx2RxM

RxD

Tx TRx2RxM

RxD


14/70


S4/4/4 SCU+CDU

TX OUT

RXA

RXB

TX OUT

RXA

RXB

TX

COMB

TX COMB

TX OUT

RXA

RXB

DUP

1:4

1:4

TX/RX ANT

TX OUT

RXA

RXB

TX

RX

HL OUT

HL IN

COMB

TX COMB

TX DUP

RXD OUT

SCU

RXD ANT

(TX/RXB)

(RXA)

CDU


15/70


Board in BTS3012: DCOM

The DCOM is optional and there are up to

three DCOMs.

The DCOM combines the 2-route DTRU

transmission signals and outputs them to the

DDPU

DCOM

TX-COM

TX2

TX1

ONSHELL


16/70


Interfaces on DCOM

Interface Type Description

ONSHELL DB26

(female)

For identification of the board type of DCOM

and on-site status

TXCOM N (male) Output of combining signals from the DCOM

to DDPU

TX1 N (male) TX signal input from the DTRU to DCOM

TX2 N (male) TX signal input from the DTRU to DCOM


17/70


Board in BTS3012: DDPU

The DDPU is intermixed with the DCOM in the forepart of RF

subsystem.

Sending multi RF signals from the transceiver in the DTRU to

the antenna through the duplexer

Sending signals from the antenna after amplifying and

quartering them to the transceiver in the DTRU

Detecting standing wave alarms in the Antenna Feeder system

Receiving the gain control of the low noise amplifier


18/70


Functional structure of the DDPU

ANTB

TXA

TXB

RXA4

duplexer divider duplexer divider

ANTA

RXA1

RXA2RXA3

RXB1

RXB2RXB3RXB4


19/70


Indicators on DDPU

Indicator Color Description Status Meaning

RUN Green Indicates the DDPU is

running and powerd on

On There is power supply and the board is faulty.

Off There is no power supply or the board isfaulty.

Slow flash (0.5 Hz) The board is running normally.

Fast flash (2.5 Hz) The DTMU is sending configuration

parameters to the DDPU or the DDPU isloading software programs.

ALM Red Indicates an alarm On (including high-

frequency flash)

There is alarm(including standing wave alarm)

and the board is faulty.

Off No fault

Slow flash (0.5 Hz) The board is starting or loading the newest

application programs

VSWRA Red Indicates a standing

wave alarm of ChannelA

Slow flash (0.5 Hz) Standing wave alarm occurs to Channel A

On Standing wave critical alarm occurs to

Channel AOff No standing wave alarm occurs to Channel A

VSWRB Red Indicates a standing

wave alarm of Channel

B

Slow flash (0.5 Hz) Standing wave alarm occurs to Channel B

On Standing wave critical alarm occurs to

Channel B

Off No standing wave alarm occur to Channel B

RUN

ALM

VSWRA

RXA1

RXA2

RXA3

RXA4

RXB1

RXB2

RXB3

RXB4

DDPU

TXA

TXB

COM

POWER

VSWRB

ANTA

ANTB


20/70


Interface on DDPU

Interface Type Description

COM DB26

(female)

Sends to the DDPU control signals, communication signals,

clock signals and subrack number

POWER 3V3 Power supply input

TXA N (male) Input of the TX signals sent from the DTRU

Input of the DCOM combining signals

TXB N (male)

Input of the TX signals sent from the DTRUInput of the DCOM combining signals

RXA1 SMA (female) Main 1 output port




RXB1 SMA (female) Diversity 1 output port

RXB2 SMA (female) Diversity 2 output portRXB3 SMA (female) Diversity 3 output port

RXB4 SMA (female) Diversity 4 output port

ANTA DIN (female) RF jumper port

ANTB DIN (female) RF jumper port

RUN

ALM

VSWRA

RXA1

RXA2

RXA3

RXA4

RXB1

RXB2

RXB3

RXB4

DDPU

TXA

TXB

COM

POWER

VSWRB

ANTA

ANTB


21/70


Board in BTS3012: DATU

It is optional and there are maximum two DATUs

Transmitting the remote electrical tilt unit (RET)

control signals

Feeding the TMA

Communicating with the DTMU for control and

alarm report

DATU

RUN

ACT

ALM

ANT0

ANT1

ANT2

ANT3

ANT4

ANT5


22/70


Bias-Tee

Separate RF signal from control signal

(antenna downtilt) and power supply (TTA)

Connect antenna via jumper to connector 1

Connect DDPU to connector 3

Connect DATU to connector 2

1

2

3


23/70


8 TRXs Connection of BTS 3012

DCOM

DATU

BIAS-TEE

DDPU

DTRU


24/70


Chapter 1 RF Part in BTS

Chapter 2 Antenna

Chapter 3 Feeder and TTA


25/70


What is Antenna?

Radiate and receive radio wave ,convert high frequency current to

electromagnetic wave when transmitting, and convert

electromagnetic wave to high frequency current when receiving

Blahblah

blah bl ah


26/70


Classification

Classify by working band: UHF, VHF, microwave, etc.

Classify by radiate pattern: omni, directional

Classify by structure: line, pane, parabola feed

Classify by polarization: vertical and horizontal

Classify by outline: line and pane


27/70


omni directiondirectional Antenna

Radiate Pattern


28/70


Outline


29/70


vertical polarization

Omni antenna

dual polarization

directional antenna

Polarization

vertical polarization

directional antenna


30/70


Function

Convert high frequency current to electromagnetic wave when

transmitting

Convert electromagnetic wave to high frequency current when

receiving

Antenna can not amplify the transmission power, just concentrateRF power to one direction

horizontal section Vertical section


31/70


32/70


Radiate pattern


33/70


Dipole and Isotropic

Dipole

1/4 wave length

1/4wave length

1/2wave length

Isotropic

Ideal radiator with same ability on all direction!


34/70


Gain

The radiation ability of certain antenna overtop dipole or isotropic

Indicates the antenna feature of electromagnetic radiation in specific

directions

Unit: dBi/dBd

Isotropic antenna

Symmetrical dipole

antenna

Actual antenna

dBd

dBi

2.15d

B


35/70


36/70


Beam Angle

HPBW: Half Power Beam Bandwidth

Lobe angel between two points, the power of which reduce to

the half of that of the maximum radiate direction

Vertical HPBW and Horizontal HPBW

60 (eg) Peak

- 3dB

- 3dB

15

(eg) Peak

Peak - 3dB

Peak - 3dB


37/70


Down title

To control coverage

To decrease inter modulation

Realization: electronic and mechanism


38/70


mechanism

electron

Down title


39/70


Effect of Electron Down title

No Down title Electron Down title


40/70


Effect of Mechanism Downtitle

No Downtitle Electron Downtitle


41/70


Effect of different methods

10(E) 10(M)6(E)+ 4(M)


42/70


Polarization

The direction of electro - vector radiated by antenna. The

vertical polarization wave is vertical with the plane of ground,

and the horizontal polarization waves parallel with the plane of

ground

Single antenna has only one polarization direction.

Dual polarized antenna contains two single - polarized antenna

in one entity. Dual polarization antenna usually adopts +45/ 45

degree orthogonal polarization.

-


43/70


Polarization

VERTICAL HORIAONTAL

+ 45 - 45


44/70


Dual Polarization

V/H +/- 45


45/70


Port Isolation

The isolation among ports should be more than 30 dB. for multi-ports

antenna, Such as dual band, dual polarization antenna

1000mW(1W) 1mW

10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB


46/70


Null Filled

It shall apply null filled technology when zero depth is less

than main beam for 26dB.

High gain antenna especially adopt null filled technology to

effectively improve the nearby coverage


47/70


Main to lower side

Main to upper side

Upper Side Lobe Suppression


48/70


VSWR

If stands for antenna input impedance, and stands for antenna

standard characteristic impedance, the reflection coefficient is:

where is 50 ohm. The return loss can also indicate the match

characteristic of the port, that is, if VSWR = 1.5:1 and R.L. = -

13.98dB.

When antenna input impedance is inconsistent with its characteristic

impedance, the reflection wave and incident wave will overlap onfeeder cable to form standing wave. The ratio of the maximum to

minimum value of neighbor is the VSWR.

ZAZ0

ZAZ0

,VSWR 1

1


49/70


50/70


Usage of Antenna

Landform Station type Reference

Urban areas Directional

station

Select the antennas with low or medium

gains and preset electrical tilt angle

depending on base station density. An

electrical adjustment antenna or mechanical

tilt angle can be selected.

Suburban areas Directional

station

Select the antennas with high gain; both

electrical adjustment tilt antenna and

mechanical tilt antenna are ok.

Plains & Rural areas Directional

station

Select the 90antennas; but the best

choice is the vertical signal polarization

antennas.

Directional

station

Select the antennas with zero point filling

first regardless of tilt angle.


51/70


Usage of Antenna

Landform Station type Reference

Expressways Directional

station

First select the 8-shaped antennas, and

then consider using the power splitter of

0.5/0.5 configuration; it is preferred to have

zero point filling function.

Directional

station + Omni

station

First consider the 210antennas, and thenconsider using the directional antenna and

omni antenna together.

Mountain areas Omni station First consider the antennas with zero pointfilling function, and then consider the

antennas with low gain; the antenna tilt

angel is considered last.

Directional

station

First consider the antennas with low gain

and wide vertical beams, and then consider

adding tile angle.


52/70


Coupling Between Antennas

main lobe

5 .. 10

Horizontal separation

Sufficient decoupling distance: 5-10

Antenna patterns become superimposed if

distance is too close

Vertical separation

Decoupling distance:1can provide better RX

/TX decoupling

Minimum coupling loss


53/70


Installation Examples

Recommended decoupling

TX - TX: ~30dB

TX - RX: ~40dB

Horizontal decoupling distance

depends on

Antenna gain

Horizontal rad. pattern

Omni-directional antenna

Use vertical separation for RX and

TX

Use vertical separation (fork) for

RX and diversity RXVertical decoupling is much more effective

0,2m

Omni-directional.: 5 .. 20m

directional : 1 ... 3m


54/70


Antenna Installation

Coupling loss (dB):

Lv=28+40log(k/) (vertical installation)

Lv=22+20log(d/)-(G1+G2)-(S1+S2) (horizontal installation)

: wave length

K: distance at vertical

D: distance at horizontal

G1G2: gain

S1S2: Relative gain at line connected twoantenna


55/70


Distributed Antenna System

BTSBTSPower

splitterPowersplitter

Power

splitter

coupling

coupling

coupling

coupling

Small

antenna

Small

antenna

Small

antenna

Small

antenna

Small

antenna

Small

antenna

Small

antenna

coupling

Dual direction

amplifier

Dual direction amplifier


56/70


Symmetry and Asymmetry Network

Tx /Rx

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Tx /Rx

1.36

0.510

100.5


Dual direction

amplifier


57/70


Optical Fiber Distributed Antenna

The optical fiber repeater is mainly adopted in the case

of wide coverage and long distance transmission

signal

Optical transceiver

Optical transceiver

transceiver

transceiver


58/70


Leaky Cable

Coaxial cable with perforated leads

It is mainly adopted for tunnel, metro and with high cost of

equipment and installing

Tx/Rx

Matching load

Matching load



Power splitter


59/70


Leaky cable

Coaxial cable with perforated leads

Produce constant field-strength along cable runs

Work at wide-band

Radiating loss become higher with high frequency

Very large bending radius

Formerly often used for tunnel coverage

Expensive


60/70


Feature of Leaky Cable

Transmission loss per hundred meter

Typical value : 10~40 dB per 100m

Couple Loss at 1 meter distance

Typical value 55 dB (at 1m)

How to calculate strength with leaky cable?


61/70


Comparison with Distributed Antenna

type leaking fiber coaxial fiber optical

design agility good good not good

cost high low high

Complexity ofinstalling

high low low

loss oftransmission

high high low

power supply not needed not needed needed

reliability high high low

applicability metro, tunnelhigh building,

commercialarea

far areacoverage


62/70


63/70


Tower Top Amplifier

Amplify uplink weak signal, then:

Balance uplink and downlink

Compensate loss of feeder

Simplex TTA duplex TTA triplex TTA


64/70


65/70


Data Configuration of CDU Turn on power of TTA in CDU before installation

TTA switch is in rear panel of CDU

Configuration alarm threshold of TTA current before installation

TTA current switch is in rear panel of CDU

Configuration attenuation factor of receive signal on consol attenuation factor of receive signal

=TTA gainfeeder loss

Simplex TTA gain:14dB, triplex TTA gain:12dB

Don t use TTA if not necessary

For the convenience of installation

To get better lighting -proof effect


66/70


67/70


Power Switch and Current Limit

01 2

3

012

3

Note:

MAINmain TTA switchDIVERSEdiversity TTA switch

Rear panel of COM DEV CDU

01 2

3

012

3

01 2

3

012

3


68/70


Feeder

Feeder s election

Type : 1/27/85/4

Select 5/4 in the case of feeder length is more than 80 m

and otherwise select 7/8 in 900MHz

Select 5/4 in the case of feeder length is more than 50 m

and otherwise select 7/8 in 1800MHz Feeder curvature should not be so big, outer conductor

should be connected to earth

LG0.251.156.74.47HFC22D -A(7/8 )

6090.31.156.465.874.03SYFY -50-22(7/8 )

ACOME0.221.156.64.3M1474A(7/8 )

ANDREW0.381.154.774.313.172.98LDF6 -50(5/4 )ANDREW0.251.156.465.874.34.03LDF5 -50A(7/8 )

2,0001,7001,000890manufacturerBend

Radius (m)VSWRLOSS dB/100m (MHz)TYPE


69/70


In this course, we have learned:

CDU structure and loss

SCU structure and loss

Antenna type and feature

TTA

Summary


70/70

www.huawei.com

Thank You

Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1

Documents

Transcript of Radio Frequency Part and Antenna ISSUE2.1