Radical Coal Miners in Northeastern Pennsylvania ANTHRACITE REDS.
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Transcript of Radical Coal Miners in Northeastern Pennsylvania ANTHRACITE REDS.
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Radical Coal Minersin Northeastern
Pennsylvania
ANTHRACITE REDS
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Radical Coal Miners
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Pennsylvania Anthracite
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Radical Tradition in the Anthracite• Molly Maguires , secret
organization of Irish-Americans in the anthracite mining districts of Pennsylvania.
• Its name came from a woman who led an extralegal, antilandlord organization in Ireland during the 1840s, and its membership was drawn from the Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish-American fraternal society.
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Molly Maguires• The movement arose to
combat the oppressive industrial and living conditions.
• Since the police and the forces for law and order were entirely controlled by the mine owners, the Molly Maguires often resorted to intimidating or murdering the police.
• For several years, especially from c.1865 to 1875, the Molly Maguires dominated the mining industry of NE Pennsylvania.
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Socialist Labor PartyDaniel DeLeon and US Socialism
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Socialist Party: Eugene Debs
•Democratic Socialism
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IWW: Industrial Workers of the World• Syndicalism:
Working class revolution by the union on the job site
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New Immigrants: 1880-1920
• Major immigrant groups to the US and NE Penn.• Italians• Jews• Slavs
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Voyage of the Immigrant Miners
Ellis Island
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Voyage of the Immigrant Miners
American businessmenwelcomed the newimmigrants…LABORWhat does the Statuesay?
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On to the Penn. Anthracite
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Anthracite Breaker BoysThe Abuse of Child Labor
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Working Conditions in the Mines Low Pay and Long Hours
• Most anthracite miners worked a 10 hour day before the 1902 Strike.
• A miner could earn between $40 and $80 a month depending on how many tons were mined.
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Immigrants bring Radical Politics to the New World with them
• Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were two Italian-born American laborers and anarchists, who were tried, convicted and executed via electrocution on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts for the 1920 armed robbery and murder of two payroll clerks.
• Today, their execution is considered by some to be a miscarriage of justice.
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Some Anthracite Immigrant miners were Socialists
• Thousands of anthracite miners voted for Socialists like Eugene Debs and Norman Thomas.
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Anthracite Miners take in the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Immigrant miners inNE Penn. takes sides: some supported theRevolution and Bolshevism; mostopposed it.
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American Political SpectrumLeft: Progressives, Liberals, Socialists
Values: Equality, Democracy, Community, Social Justice
Progressive Era [1900-1917]
New Deal/Fair Deal [1932-1952]
Great Society [1960s]
Obama Era [2008- ? ]
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American Political SpectrumRight: Old Right, New Right, Neo-Conservatives, Paleoconservatives
Values: Tradition, Self-Reliance, Individualism, Market-Capitalism, Inequality
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American Communist Movement began in 1919
• Communist Labor Party• Led by John Reed
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Two US Communist Parties
Communist PartyVs.
Communist Labor Party
Who would be recognized by the Communist International in Moscow?
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1921 Merger: Workers Party
• In 1921, acting on orders from Moscow, the CLP and CP merged to form the Workers (Communist) Party.
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Scholarship: US CommunismThe Cold War School of Historians: John Earl Haynes
The Revisionist School of Historians: Maurice Isserman
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Academic Journal of US Communism
• Published by the Tamiment Institute and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University
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Historical Research into Communism
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Communist Miners and DepressionRadical immigrant miners
supported Soviet leaders. Lenin/Stalin
Third Period Communism[Radical Program] A. Organize the
Unemployed B. Fight white racism
and for civil rights C. Form separate
Communist Unions in all industries [dual unionism]
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Communist Dual Union: NMU • AFL miners union was the
United Mine Workers of America or the UMW led by John L. Lewis
• The Communist dual union was the National Miners Union
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Anthracite: District 3 of Workers Party
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Unemployment in 1930s
Unemploymentwas the chiefevil of the GreatDepression
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The Face of the Unemployed
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Steve Nelson: Communist
Steve Nelson was the Communist Party’s Organizer thePennsylvaniaAnthraciteDuring much of the 1930s.
• Nelson in Spanish Civil War