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![Page 1: RADHAZ Material Outline Introduction and Background Standards and Applications Prediction of Electromagnetic Fields Measurement of Electromagnetic Fields.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649de35503460f94ada007/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
RADHAZ Material Outline
Introduction and Background
Standards and Applications
Prediction of Electromagnetic Fields
Measurement of Electromagnetic Fields
Protective Devices
Procedures to Protect People
FCC Initiative in New Rule Making
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Power Densities Measured Around the United States
LOCATION LEVELMicrowatt/(cm)2
Empire State Building(102nd floor) New York
32.5
Sears Tower(roof) Chicago
230
One Biscayne Tower(roof) Miami
148
Terrestrial Microwave Stations(base of Towers)
<1
Radar Emissions-PopulatedAreas (both commercial andmilitary)
50 (AVG)
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Power Densities of Interest
watts/cm2 Milli Pico Watt/cm2 Receiver 1 X 10-15 Sensitivity Threshold
1 X 10-9 Nano Watt/cm2 Light from Venus
1 X 10-6 Micro Watt/cm2 Light from Full Moon
1 X 10-3 Milli Watt/cm2 IEEE LIMIT (30-300 MHz)
5 X 10-3 5 Milli Watt/cm2 FDA LIMIT On Microwave Ovens
100 X 10-3 100 Milli Watt/cm2 Sun Light NO TIME LIMIT
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Conversion of SAR to Power Density
Threshold for Hazard Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) = 4 Watts/kg
Applying a Safety Factor 10 (SAR) = 0.4 Watts/kg
CONVERTING to POWER DENSITY: for HUMAN EXPOSURE
Average Man or Woman
WEIGHT = 60 kg
SURFACE AREA = 20,000 cm2
PH = POWER DENSITY for SAFETY THRESHOLD
PH = 0.4 Watts/kg
= 1.2 milli Watts/(cm)2
200,20
60
cm
kg
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Band Definitions
VLF < 15 KHz LF 15 - 500 KHz MF 300 - 3000 KHz HF 2 - 30 MHz VHF 30 - 225 MHz UHF 225 - 800 MHz L-Band 800 - 1650 MHz S-Band 1650 - 3000 MHz C-Band 3000 - 7200 MHz X-Band 7200 - 10,500 MHz Ku-Band 10,500 - 16,000 MHz K-Band 16,000 - 26,000 MHz Ka-Band 26,000 - 40,000 MHz V-Band 36,000 - 52,000 MHz
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Transmit Power of Various Systems
AM Radio MF - HF 500 - 50 KW
FM Radio VHF 5 - 30 KW
TV Low VHF (Channels 1-6) 3 - 10 KW
TV High VHF (Channels 7-13) 10 - 100 KW
TV UFH (Channels 14-89) 1000 - 5000 KW
Radar Peak Power (UHF-Ka-Band) 50 - 5000 KW
Radar Average Power 100 - 5 KW
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Human Response to RF Levels
REFERENCE
1 Watt/kg Basal Metabolism Rate
1.4 Watt/kg Resting Metabolism Rate
5-8 Watt/kg Exercise
18 Watt/kg Maximal Exercise
Lying on Beach Sunning 80 - 100 milli Watts/cm2
Threshold of Feeling (2300 MHz) 26 milli Watts/cm2
Threshold of Feeling (infrared) 1.6 milli Watts/cm2
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Occupational DistributionOCCUPATION % of POPULATION
Industrial 1.9
Medical 3.0
Military 2.1
Science & Research 1.6
Aviation 1.5
Marine 6.6
Service 8.8
Communication 73.0
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Hazards Electromagnetic Radiation To
Personnel (HERP) Fuels (HERF) Ordnance (HERO)
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Controlling Documentation on Safety
FCC OET Bulletin 65 FCC Report & Order 96-326 ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 DoD Inst 6055.11 Personnel Exposure NAVSEA OP3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Vol I HERP and HERF Limits NAVSEA OP3565/NAVAIR 16-1-529 Vol II HERO Limits
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FCC Limits for Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE)
Plane-wave Equivalent Power Density
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FrequencyRange(MHz)
ElectricField
Strength (E)(V/m)
MagneticField
Strength (H)(A/m)
PowerDensity (S)(mW/cm2)
AveragingTime E 2,
or H 2 or S(minutes)
0.3-3.0 614 1.63 (100)* 6
3.0-30 1842/f 4.89/f (900/f2)* 6
30-300 61.4 0.163 1.0 6
300-1500 ------ ------ F/300 6
1500-100,000 ------ ------ 5 6
f=frequency in MHz
* Plane-wave equivalent power density
FCC Limits for Occupational/Controlled Exposure
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FCC Limits for General Population/Uncontrolled Exposure
FrequencyRange(MHz)
ElectricField
Strength (E)(V/m)
MagneticField
Strength (H)(A/m)
PowerDensity (S)(mW/cm2)
AveragingTime E 2, H 2 or S(minutes)
0.3-1.34 614 1.63 (100)* 30
1.34-30 842/f 2.19/f (180/f2)* 30
30-300 7.5 0.073 0.2 30
300-1500 ------ ------ F/1500 30
1500-100,000 ------ ------ 1.0 30
f=frequency in MHz
* Plane-wave equivalent power density
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IEEEMaximum Permissible Exposure for Controlled
Environments
Part A Electromagnetic Fields
1 2 3 4 5
Frequency Electric Field Magnetic Field Power Density (s) Averaging Range Strength (E) Strength (H) E = Field, H-Field Time (MHz) (V/m) (A/m) (mW/cm 2) |E|2, |H|2 or S (minutes)
0.003 - 0.1 614 163 (100, 1 000 000) 6 0.1 - 3.0 614 16.3/ (100, 10 000/2) 6 3 - 30 1842/ 16.3/ (900/f2, 10 000/f2) 6 30 -100 61.4 16.3/ (1.0, 10 000/f2) 6 100 - 300 61.4 0.163 1.0 6 300 - 3000 /300 6 3000 - 15000 10 6 15000 - 300000 10 616 000/f 1.2
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IEEEMaximum Permissible Exposure for Uncontrolled Environments
Part A Electromagnetic Fields
1 2 3 4 5
Frequency Electric Field Magnetic Field Power Density (s) Averaging Range Strength (E) Strength (H) E = Field, H-Field Time (MHz) (V/m) (A/m) (mW/cm 2) |E|2, S or |H|2 (minutes) 0.003 - 0.1 614 163 (100, 1 000 000) 6 6
0.1 - 1.34 614 16.3/ (100, 10 000/2) 6 6 1.34 -3.0 823.8/ 16.3/ (180/f2, 10 000/2) f2/0.3 6 3.0 - 30 823.8/ 16.3/ (180/f2, 10 000/2) 30 6 30 - 100 27.5 158.3/1.668 (0.2, 940 000/3.336) 30 0.0636
1.337 100 - 300 27.5 0.0729 0.2 30 30 300 - 3000 /1500 30 3000 - 15000 /1500 90 000/ 15000 - 300000 10 616 000/ 1.2
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Near Field and Transition ZoneDistance Calculation
Where,
N = Extent of Near Field Zone, Meters T = Extent of Transition Zone, Meters D = Antenna Diameter, Meters = Wavelength, Meters
4
2DN
2*6.0 DT
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Near Field Calculation
Where,
PD = Near Field Power Density, Watts/(meter)2
P = Power Output of System, Watts E = Antenna Efficiency, Number (one or less) A = Antenna Area, (meter)2
A
PEPD
**4
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Transition Zone Calculation
Where, (PDT) = Transition Zone Power Density,Watts/(meter)2
(PD) = Power Density in Near FIeld, Watts/(meter)2
R = Distance to Point of Interest, Meters N = Near Field Zone Distance, Meters
R
NPDPDT
))(()(
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Far Field and Off-Axis Calculation
Where, PDF = Power Density in the Far Field or Off-Axis in the Near Field or
Transition Zone, Watts/(meter)2
P = Power Delivered to the Antenna, Watts G = Gain of the Antenna Relative to an isotropic in the direction of
Interest, Number R = Distance to the Point of Interest, meters
2*4
*
R
GPPDF