Rachid Nouicer-BNL 1 HQW-2011 Heavy Quark Workshop 2010 PHENIX Future Heavy Flavor Measurements...

Rachid Nouicer-BNL 1

HQW-2011

Heavy Quark Workshop 2010

PHENIX Future Heavy Flavor Measurements

Rachid Nouicer

Brookhaven National Laboratory

For the PHENIX Collaboration

International Workshop on Heavy Quark Production in Heavy-ion Collisions

Purdue University, January 4-6, 2011


HQW-2011


At this workshop, for more recent results and present detector status from PHENIX: Title “PHENIX Open Heavy Flavor Measurements”

Speaker: I. Garishvilli for the PHENIX Collaboration

Title: “PHENIX Heavy Quarkonia Measurements”

Speaker: B. Kim for the PHENIX collaboration

Title: “Status of PHENIX VTX Detector”

Speaker: M. Kurosawa for the PHENIX collaboration


HQW-2011


Outline Heavy Flavor as Probe for the QGP PHENIX Detector Capabilities for Heavy Flavor Heavy Flavor Measurement Results

jet energy loss collective flow comparison to recent pQCD model calculations

PHENIX Detector Upgrade: Motivation and Status present: VTX near future: FVTX future: sPHENIX

Summary


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PHENIX measures open heavy flavor indirectly via semi-leptonic decays

Open Heavy Flavor Measurement in PHENIX

Measure spectrum of all electrons

Subtract photonic electrons using cocktail of known (measured) sources:

conversions, Dalitz decays of 0 and etc.

Additional subtraction of quarkonia contribution

Cross-check of photonic contribution by inserting converter


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Electron Measurement in the PHENIX (up to Run 10)

Central Arms: hadrons, photons, electron 0.35 ≤ ≤ 0.35;

pe > 0.2 GeV/c;

= 2 arms × /2;

charged particle tracking analysis using

DC and PC.Electron identification based on:

Ring Imaging Cerenkov detector (RICH);

Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMCal).

Forward rapidity arms: muons 1.2 ≤ | | ≤ 2.4

pµ > 1.0 GeV/c

= 2

µ-Magnets and µ-Identifier steel absorb

hadrons, -rejection

µ-Tracker reconstructs trajectories and

determines momentum.


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Open Heavy Flavor Measurement in p + p Collisions

PRL 97, 252002 (2006)Single electrons (|y| < 0.35)

PRD 76, 09002 (2007)Single muons (1.4 < y < 1.9)

Derived charm cross-section from single electrons: 567 ± 57 (stat) ± 224(sys) b Mid-rapidity measurement is in agreement with pQCD calculations Measurement at the forward rapidity agrees for pT > 3 GeV/c, where B/S is better

p + p


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Open Heavy Flavor Measurement in Au + Au Collisions

PRL 98, 172301 (2007)Single electrons (|y| < 0.35)

Strong suppression in high pT

(pT > 3.0 GeV) shows large energy

loss and hence provides strong evidence for the coupling of heavy quarks to the produced medium.

PRL 98, 172301 (2007) Same method as in p + p Heavy flavor electrons from Au + Au Compared to Ncoll scaled p + p (FONLL x 1.71)


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Heavy Flavor Hadron Energy Loss and Flow

Suppression is flat at high pT

Heavy quarks suppressed the same as light quarks, and they flow, but less.

Collective behavior is apparent in heavy-flavor electrons (v2 (HF) > 0); but however, it is lower than v2

of 0 for pT > 2 GeV/c.

The variety and precision of results keep expanding, revealing interesting features


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Simultaneously reproduction of both RAA and v2 for the same set of inputs in pQCD formalism for the highest RHIC energy

Das and Alam, arXiv-1008.2643

Das, Alam and Mohanty ,PRC, 82,014908,2010

Heavy Flavor Hadron Energy Loss and FlowpQCD model calculations: RAA and V2 in Au+Au at 200 GeV


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High statistics measurement of J/ in AuAu in wide rapidity range

- Mid-rapidity J e+e-- Forward rapidity J/

Strong suppression of J/ is observed

- Consistent with the prediction that J/s are destroyed in deconfined matter

Surprisingly, the suppression is stronger at forward rapidity than in mid-rapidity

- J/ formation by recombination of charm pairs in deconfined matter?

PRL 98,172301 (2007)

J/ Suppression in Au+Au


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Dalitz decays of light neutral mesons :

Mostly 0 e+ e-

Also from η, ω, φ, η'.

Conversion of photons from the light vector mesons in the material

Direct photons from the hard scattering process

Dielectron decays of light vector mesons: ρ, ω, φ e+e-

J/ψ e+e- and e+e-

Weak Kaon decays : K± 0 e± νe

Heavy Flavor Decays

Source of Electrons

Background sources needs to be subtracted


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Charm Cross-section in p+p collisions

STAR agrees with PHENIX (referring to STAR’s recent work)

Latest result from STAR agrees with PHENIX for pT > 2.5 GeV/c . This is good news

But

What about measurements at low pT (500 MeV/c < pT < 2.5 GeV/c)?


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Within error bars, Nbin scaled is observed! Large systematic uncertainties Theory under predict

charm X-section: still an issue : STAR ~ 2 PHENIX

Detector upgrades should measure low pT region

Charm Cross-section in p+p collisions


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Upgrades Are Needed!

When physics motivation exist (separation of charm and beauty should allow for

unambiguous modeling of quark energy loss) and systematic errors dominates the

data, new experiment (detector upgrade) are called for.


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The time is just shifted for PHENIX experiment: 1) the near future just becomes the present: PHENIX-VTX 2) the future just becomes the near future: PHENIX-FVTX 3) and the far future moved to the future: sPHENIX

PHENIX Detector Present and Future


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Heavy Ions:• Precision heavy flavor production measurement and separation of

charm and beauty should allow for unambiguous modeling of quark energy loss

• Precision charm measurement along with improved vector meson measurements allows vector meson production and suppression to be understood

• Charm and beauty flow measurements• Expanded vector meson measurements,

Cold Nuclear Matter:• Same measurements; needed to separate cold and hot nuclear

matter effects• Drell-Yan measurements help understand CNM energy loss

Spin Physics:• Precision heavy flavor measurements help understand gluon

contribution to spin• Drell-Yan can give anti-quark spin measurements• Improved W measurements

Physics Motivation for VTX and FVTX


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No shape change implies

VTX Motivation

Present

mcharm= 1.5 GeV, mbottom= 5 GeV

PHENIX: PRL 98:172301 (2007)

• VTX can separately measure VTX can separately measure v v22 and R and RAAAA of b of be and ce and cee

Assumption here: Full 8 weeks used for data taking in RUN11

Au+Au at √s = 200 GeVExpected with VTX

• D+Be

• Be• D e

• Be• D e


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FVTX Motivation• Tag displaced vertices to allow precision heavy flavor measurements

• Separate Charm and Beauty

• Drell Yan measurement for mass btw. J/ and Upsilon

• J/ and ' mass separation

• Better Upsilon mass resolution

• Significantly enhances every aspect of forward rapidity program

• Complements Barrel Tracker which will cover central rapidity

mcharm= 1.5 GeV, mbottom= 5 GeV

Real Data

from D and B

Simulation with FVTX

Each and every physics measurement from the muon arm will be improved with the addition of the FVTX and new measurements will become available

Simulation with FVTX


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Silicon Vertex Tracker: VTX +FVTX


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Present and Near Future: VTX + FVTXThe detector sensitive area is made 100% of silicon sensor technologyThe target is b, c physics probing the heart of the QCD medium at RHIC

VTX: 4 barrels (|y| <1.2):

2 silicon Pixel (ALICE) 2 silicon stripixel (unique to PHENIX)

FVTX: 4x2 disks (1.2 < |y| <2.4):

Standard silicon strip technology


HQW-2011





FVTX: 4x2 disks (1.2 < |y| <2.4):


Life time (c) D0 : 125 mm B0 : 464 mmDCA

ppD

B

e

e

e+e- are identified in PHENIX central arms

VTX


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FVTX: 4x2 disks (1.2 < |y| <2.4):


+- are identified in forward muons PHENIX arms

promptFVTX


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Pixel

Stripixel

Expected DCA resolution Expected DCA resolution

~ 40 m

Au+Au 200 GeV

pions in 3 <pT<4 GeV/c• Specifications:

• Large acceptance ( and < 1.2)• Displaced vertex measurement < 40 m• Charged particle tracking p/p ~ 5% p at high pT• Detector must work for both of heavy ion and pp collisions.

• Technology Choice• Hybrid pixel detectors developed at CERN for ALICE • Stripixel detectors, sensors developed at BNL with FNAL’s SVX4 readout chip

Central Silicon Vertex Tracker: VTX


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ALICE1LHCb readout chip:Pixel: 50 µm () x 425 µm (Z). Channels: 256 x 32.Output: binary, read-out in [email protected] Hardness: ~ 30Mrad

Sensor module:

4 ALICE1LHCb readout chips.Bump-bonded (VTT) to silicon sensor.Thickness: 200 mThickness: r/o chips 150 µm

Half-ladder (2 sensor modules+bus)

1.36 cm x 10.9 cm.Thickness bus: < 240 µm.

SPIRO module Control/read-out a half ladderSend the data to FEM

FEM (interface to PHENIX DAQ)Read/control two SPIROsInterface to PHENIX DAQ

active arear

1.28 cm = 50mm x 256z

1.36 cm = 425mm x 32

Solder bump

~20m

VTX: PIXEL Concept (Barrels 1 & 2)


HQW-2011


• Innovative design by BNL Instr. Div. : Z. Li et al., NIM A518, 738 (2004); • R. Nouicer et al., NIM B261, 1067 (2007);• R. Nouicer et al., Journal of Instrumentation, 4, P04011 (2009)

• DC-Coupled silicon sensor

• Sensor single-sided

• 2-dimensional position

sensitivity by charge sharing

VTX: Silicon Stripixel Concept (Barrels 3 &4)“New technology: unique to PHENIX”


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• Top view • Bottom view

Silicon sensor

SVX4 chips

ROC (readout card)

VTX: Silicon Stripixel Concept (Barrels 3 &4)Silicon Module

Ladder


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Layer 1 (PIXEL)

5x2 ladders

27

Layer 2 (PIXEL)10x2 ladders

Layer 3 (Stripixel)8x2 ladders

Layer 4 (Stripixel)12x2 ladders



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Heavy Quark Workshop 2010 28

Full VTX installed at IR on Dec 1st, 2010

VTX group and PHENIX technicians

Side View Front View


VTX ready for Run 11 VTX will explore b,c physics


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• 4 disks / side • 48 wedges/disk• 75 m strips,• 2.8-11.2 mm long• 1664 strips/column• 1.1M channels total• Readout with FPHX chip 7.5°

HDIDetector

FPHX Chips

Backplane

Rigid, thermally conductive epoxy

Rigid epoxy

~10 cm

Forward Silicon Vertex Detector: FVTX

40 cm

2.8mm

11.2mm

Four tracking stations with full azimuthal coverage


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Assembly station Chip placement Wire-bonding

Encapsulation

Final Wedge

Half disk assembly

FVTX will be installed summer 2011

Forward Silicon Vertex Detector: FVTX


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Future: sPHENIX

Study of interaction between parton and sQGP medium

Direct measurement of Jets and their modification

Study of mass dependence of medium-parton interaction High statistic measurement of charm and

bottom in Au+Au Measurement of c and b jets

Study of color screening in the medium High-pT J/ （ >10 GeV/c) Upsilon

Probe of initial condition Direct photon v2

High density QCD at small x Forward Physics

ePHENIX eA and ep when eRHIC beam come to

PHENIX-IR

Physics menu for 2015+

The document also contains the complementarity of RHIC and LHC

Documents 250+ pages released and can be found at: www.bnl.gov/npp.


HQW-2011


Heavy quark physics with VTX is the main thrust of PHENIX Heavy Ion physics plan in 2011 - 2015 • Heavy quark energy loss• Heavy quark flow

CNM on Heavy Quark

Plus

Spin Physics with VTX in p+p collisions• Charm AN, ALL

• Bottom AN ALL • photon jet AN, ALL

• di-jet AN, ALL

PHENIX Decadal Plan

PHENIX RUN PLAN (2011-2015)


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PHENIX RUN PLAN (2011-2015)

Longitudinal spin@ 500 GeV• W program•G at small x

Transverse spin@200 GeV•AN of various processes• Exploratory of Drell Yan AN : Sivers sign change

Spin @ 62 GeV•G at high x• Transverse spin

PHENIX Decadal Plan


HQW-2011


Future: sPHENIX

Observables Requirements


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PHENIX Detector Today (2011)

sPHENIX Upgrade Concept


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Future “sPHENIX” : Compact, Uniform Detector



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2T mid-y magnet, I.d.~ 60 cm (could be up to ~ 1m) Compact EMCal E/E ~ 20%/√E (Si/W & Scint/W?) Intermediate tracker ~ 80 m resolution (Si or GEM) Compact HCAL for jet reco (first HCAL at RHIC!) Forward spectrometer optimized for electrons, , hadrons Hadron ID: forward yes, mid-y ?



HQW-2011


50B events of Au+Au at 200 GeV



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p/p = 0.007 + 0.0015p

- Good momentum resolution and e/ separation

- Can separate the upsilon States spectroscopy

+ p = 5 GeV

Performance sPHENIXMomentum resolution: VTX + two new Silicon strip barrels (strip size 80 m)

Charged pionsEMCAL Response

Electron p = 5 GeV


HQW-2011


Hadronic Calorimetry tightens correlation between measured and true jet energy

- Reduce high pT background

- Catch neutral energy

Performance sPHENIX


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50B events of Au+Au at 200 GeV 1010 central event

Jets, photons and 0 rates in || <1

W. Vogelsang, private comm.

Significant rates for heavy flavor tagged jets

M. Cacciari, private comm.

Performance sPHENIX


HQW-2011


Future: sPHENIXWhere we stand with sPHENIX?

Mike Leitch (upgrade manager) organized PHENIX Decadal R&D Workshops,14-16 December, 2010

Speakers from over the world: PHENIX, STAR, LHC, ILC…

Next PHENIX Collaboration meeting, January 2011 PHENIX people will highlight ideas of the workshops and

discuss R&D steps


HQW-2011


Summary Large heavy flavor suppression in heavy ion collisions – why?

Significant heavy flavor elliptic flow

Large J suppression, but surprising rapidity dependence

Improve background rejection in semi-leptonic decay measurements

would allow systematic errors to be reduced

Separation of Charm/Beauty allows quark mass dependence to be

mapped out

PHENIX opens new era to study the properties of the medium:

c, b physics:

installed Central Silicon Vertex Tracker in 2010 (ready for run #11)

will install Forward Silicon Vertex Tracker in 2011 (run #12)

Future “sPHENIX” : compact, uniform detector

Jets, quarkonia, -jet correlations, tagged jets

forward physics, spin, “0th order for EIC detector


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Heavy Quark Workshop 201004/18/23 [email protected]

Auxiliary Slides


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Complementarity of RHIC and LHC“What is the point to measure jets and heavy quark at RHIC in LHC era?"


HQW-2011


- Measure Upsilon suppression (1S,2S,3S) at RHIC energy (Tinit ~ 350 MeV). LHC initial energy is ~ 500-600 MeV and so the screening length can be different.

- Light quark v2 seems to be similar at LHC. This lead some to conclude that /s of the QGP at LHC is only slightly different than that at RHIC. However, the picture can be different if probed by heavy flavor. (Light quark v2 is influenced in the later stage of space/time development. Heavy quark is more sensitive in the earlier stage)

- Very high statistics measurement of charm/bottom at low pT where medium effect can be most interesting. sPHENIX will have ~ 50B events per year, much higher statistics.

“What is the point to measure jets and heavy quark at RHIC in LHC era?"

Complementarity of RHIC and LHC


HQW-2011


Production of heavy quark-antiquark pairs: cc (bb) dominated by gluon-gluon hard scattering

- sensitive to initial gluon density additional thermal production enhancement?

- sensitive to initial temperature

Propagation through dense medium energy loss or thermalization softening of spectra?

- sensitive to properties of the produced nuclear medium does charm flow?

- sensitive to collectivity on parton level

Quarkonia (J in dense medium suppression via color screening? enhancement via coalescence?

heavy quarks is a rich probe of the nuclear medium created in the hard initial collisions experience the whole collision history

study of yields & spectra in pp, dAu, and AuAu

Why is Heavy Flavor Interesting?

Rachid Nouicer-BNL 1 HQW-2011 Heavy Quark Workshop 2010 PHENIX Future Heavy Flavor Measurements...

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