Rabies, A Threat to Biodiversity - Home: OIE€¦ · 23/11/2015 1 Order Reported Species Tota l in...
Transcript of Rabies, A Threat to Biodiversity - Home: OIE€¦ · 23/11/2015 1 Order Reported Species Tota l in...
23/11/2015
1
Order Reported Species
Total in
Order % of
Order
CHIROPTERA 98 1150 8.52%
CARNIVORA 63 287 21.95%
RODENTIA 16 2258 0.71%
CETARTIODACTYLA 12 329 3.65%
PRIMATES 6 430 1.40%
PERISSODACTYLA 2 16 12.50%
HYRACOIDEA 1 5 20.00%
LAGOMORPHA 1 93 1.08%
PROBOSCIDEA 1 2 50.00%
EULIPOTYPHLA 1 450 0.22%
Total 201 5020
Methods
Rabies, A Threat to BiodiversityMachalaba C.1, Stuchin M.1,2, Artois M.3,4, Bengis R.3, Caceres-Soto P.3, Leighton T.3,5, Murata K.3,6, Olival K.1,
Popovic M.3, Tizzani P.3, Karesh W.B.1,3*
1EcoHealth Alliance; 2Colorado State University; 3World Organisation for Animal Health; 4VetAgro Sup -
Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon; 5Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre; 6Nihon University
ENDANGERED (EN)
VULNERABLE (VU)
NEAR THREATENED (NT)
LEAST CONCERN (LC)
DATA DEFICIENT (DD)
NOT EVALUATED (NE)
Acknowledgements
We thank the World Organisation for Animal Health for their support of this project, especially Dr. Bernard Vallat, Director General, for his
leadership and encouragement, and the members of the Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases for their input on the study.
Table 1. Host species with detection of Rabies virus
reported per taxonomic order
Figure 2: Red List of Threatened Species classification for host
species with detection of Rabies virus
Conclusion
Infection with RABV has been linked to severe population losses in two wild endangered canid species in Africa, the Ethiopian bale
wolf, (Canis simensis) and the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus).
As with canine rabies, human activities (such as deforestation, intensified cattle farming, and invasive species introductions) can affect
wild animal populations in ways that may encourage sylvatic reservoirs to move into new environments.
Mass vaccination of domestic dogs remains by far the most effective approach to eliminate the main source of rabies introduction
in wild animals, as well as in humans.
Given the broad host range for rabies, control should be species and ecosystem-specific.
Rabies virus is a strong example of where public health, domestic animal, and conservation communities can form ‘One Health’
collaborations to yield a more full and integrated understanding of the transmission and spread risks for all species.
We conducted a literature review in Web of Science, PubMed, and Google
Scholar in addition to searching in books, reviews, conference
compendiums, and literature cited in sources we had obtained that were
published by the end of 2014. We included additional virus-host
associations from the Global Mammal Parasite Database for primate,
carnivore and ungulate viruses, version as of November 2006. RABV
detection in species reported by the World Organisation for Animal Health
(OIE) Member Countries and non-Member Countries via the World Animal
Health Information System (WAHIS) were included for years 2012-2014.
Threatened status was assessed using the IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species 2014.3.
Results
We found reports of RABV detection in 201 mammal species, primarily in the orders Chiroptera and Carnivora (Table 1). 17 species (8.45% of infected
species) were in a category of elevated threat according to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Figure 2).
Introduction
Rabies is recognized as a critical threat to human and domestic animal health.
Less well studied are its impact on wild animals and resulting implications for
biodiversity. Infectious diseases may be a factor in exacerbating threats to
survival for endangered species. As rabies infection is considered to be fatal in
most of its hosts, we reviewed the species with recorded detection of RABV and
their extinction threat.
Abstract
The impact of Rabies virus (RABV) on wild animals and resulting
implications for biodiversity have not been well studied. We conducted
a review of species affected by rabies, finding that it has been
documented in at least 201 mammalian species, including 17 with
elevated extinction risk. Noting that canine rabies from domestic dogs
accounts for the vast majority of transmission to wild animals, mass
vaccination of dogs is key as a strategy for biodiversity conservation
that also will have health benefits for domestic animals and people.
Once stable control of rabies is achieved in domestic dogs, any
remaining threat of rabies for wildlife conservation can more
effectively be addressed.
Figure 1: Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), the most endangered
Canid species in the world.
The ASA supported the printing of this poster