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An Approach to Sustainable Agriculture Using Agro-ecologicalSvstem Which Contain Various Benefical Biodiversitv

ofir,r::or r1n6'n6"'Aphiphan Pookpakdi")

ABSTRACT

Agricultural development for the sake of increasing yield, production and income has

been the culprit ot causing environmental degradation and deterioration, especially if such

developments have been achieved through the result ol Green Revolution. Monoculture planting

of high yielding crops caused dramatic reduction of yield and increasing pest and disease

infestation.

Concept ol sustainable agriculture had originated from groups of academics who have

been concerned with environmental degradation and deterioration of natural resourses. Conceptual

framework of sustainable agncultural rely on the approach ol stressing the importance various

factors and how they are interrelated. Relationships between agricultural management,

environmental conditions and socio-econmic should always be emphasized.

Three important components related to sustainability are suitable agro-ecological system,

appropriate technology and socio-economic viability of the system. An approach for sustainable

agriculture and be achieved it one would try to integrate the natural componenls of the system

and utilize their lunctions for the benefit of productivity. Using the benefit of biodiversity of the

system and their activites, agricultural system can be further improved so that its potential

productivity and stability can be increased, thus, lead to sustainability in the long run.

(t ) nnru"u6uvrii'uvr:afi arri rfi anr.liiunirun:rijaiurfi rsrrefnlirrrg 1 0900lnsee Institute lor Crop Research and Development, Kasetsart

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r uf ir i r r f luald'o{ nr u qu[o f r ' r L ' ro v l1n ! f ia1: f [1nJfrn11:Yl1. t f l i f rUl td3r f l :146ni o1n

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n! f,gtr{f l Ln!4o:yt9.t f l01]uguo I u tnulta{0u't.t LT ttnSF]flou no{ nfl l1ul.[udft1J1.[9]']tuo1le a - d - T T 4

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tua;rs:urf ionlrr i ' [ :Jr irrvrolulainlrr{aqariordoor[?f l ' r tLf, tnnurrf i f idunluf. ld' lu

f , ' . ro rua : re :ug io uc : rv ro Iu In f ln r :zu6ordo: r i Junarvr r f io : r i rb i r6 r rn : r r r i f l r y r r

nllriurn iu oaaoourir'hianru:n1l'irJr)unuorfi uu.rrfi odulci^ c A a L v . , . i q - - ;

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fln unll{ lunlTr{no (productive potential) l$R{1lu LulJ :to u'l nun aulnDr:vi u1n': lLn:

ntN- rhn1 l lnUOl

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:rlj:_J Ul[- . J - a , J r a a

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d o f l6 f 0 \ r [ tR3f l ' t l J11 tnu ' ]10nntu [1F lu ' ]11u ' r f lnn ! tnT , :R: ' l { ] J0{R l f l In :1 , lu ' lY l1 la l, A r i j u - e 6 q

1J:3X1n:5.t Ll.[mu tOrrn Ln uorn'r9.r zu n qv{arrd3 Ro'] [u: l! fln]t vlr 0,: Ln uo:ut'lfluTl{o.J : , - i u rd.Ju L l l l l O ? n ' t 3 9 t U L v l U n 1 t r 1 n 1 : t 1 1 L 0 n , t t L 1 - { ' � t v l ' � t , 1 m L n : 9 0 : n : L O I J S J O ' 1 1 T 1 , 1 5 0 q ! U ' l

I I o l r ' ' t d e o I e G a e q 4 e A

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valnra lu11' tJ t1n ' t l lY1t l r0 f r1u1in ' ' ] d . t t14 f l ' luu ' t : ' t u t !un d L!unau to n0;v l l tu tno, T . T q a o I t a

u:: luautouo'5,1n!T!:11!nt :2Rooa0001.{11' t tv l l l tot f rnutn' ] 10.1: tLi lanolu nl l ' )Erul: - z

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'[ri::rurnuor:fr!1ff frer rrn Ri'l.l fln unr n Lunl rr.] A or'Lei(r ttn: nYun.t a:fi"a{tiiu

:s! L6q d un1nrl a{ aJd'i:rn ou ei'r.l "J rfiodua rjrr rurr:ail lilrur n rnulilfd u Lnut rrd:[i]uv v ; ) , a * a , ^ ) ,

RO dll{llvr a L14-r:q.1nuttfl: nu fitgnJ d] rndllnlui: 6r? un'1uYl'l�,1lrttfl 't:ttn 0 rrl n nl dl u :3 l l l l : .1 f l ' t1 l lo luYt luoao l lu to :uoautno0 ln1 l00u9t1 tq t taS Fn l q r l u? l ' luo a Rn ' l ' : !

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oxrntJ$nsd'r n''olrn u s.J (insecticide) nr:t'i ' il ulu:ri oir.r .l (alternative fertilizer) 1ulru:t6lre | ; . - a r r , a ;nu Lunl:Yt0!u]r0'r 1l0i u nl u u0 ntuo Lo 5t Ul Lt LUT:1JlJerdrlra1: 1n.J Fr?'uJLfi ' lt fl l l?1

L A0:t ?11 tv\ n::vllr nJ: rr auflJo1't u U.J Ilu Ldnu:n11^]|[n3qntn1lt"ll0,]:t111lo'tu

t . i , I w . i a[un1 :Yto3Yl1J31 l ! tnuo:o ln f l11Lv t t ] lu l lL tR:100y{u01nn1: t i l l l 0 l tn :n lT111f l ' l l . J

v a t

1O{fiOtf i1 ['5nU5d U'�rOn,:.] la.rou n111n1i!nuo:tuuo a unl (equitability) ttasn'113J

fl onf (batance) lunn '1 o.rrirJrr n o!1oJiilllr rli a riJunlrrfi n'rlrlgi1uliru tilldtfuttsiI d ' I I a a T v

0io l lT:n0LLoa.Jo : !nauxu,r r lnR' ] r1.1014{L:o r t n . t T0n11 Lf l0uLl ] '5 l l10. inn:9nt tvtetu rnetornfl?'rrJ LURUoflul ja.t :31.r1 f i , i rr i lua;ai 'arr iunn.). lraroorioi ' rnEirrnd-' l6ulr

io n : : a r d-r a.r n 1 ::-n $1 [ a s a u:-n ri:s L ! r n u o : o"i n ei r r l fiior ur n r r : tri'rr ri n r : air ri q

odunl Trrv l r l tsa! Lunl : r1 l r4 tnoodun11{Yr1{r :T 51q0r910{ 41f f u f l l l rJvtd lnu d ' l uv l ' l l. ) 4

fr1n11r (biodiversity) 6{o: riiuni,l 'rfr;ir o t-rfro:ria ll,{tno Fr1'r tJlel1-{l n l ' l '5 ( sustainability ) 11-r

u1 tot & M , , r q ; " *

0U1r [:no1 011rJ r]uor1a rr:1rr rn 14q:uu L

Lt[:] 'r14ll-rll1lfr1fitl j l l0nT:!11 tvli ' ltq i . - ! v r . , - - { A

r1l1U 'tUYrennruuu [oLrn flnrinl 1] aJn1]zuno rLnso?'llr uuull0Jfin unl1\uu '] tLn:t!0::ll)l

!n uo:fi nurilud!16nr a.tJrr L o-nsru:rr.t f,'.:or un! tfliu$fio6lo: er"aliorr I rir dq rra:'l"r

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7l.t uu

q o r , jo'r1Nat1strx?00n ilqq1fl o0nn

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' t ierurnr:rn)eor:f ina rsa! nir11qrrtarf iu f ir l ru6r nrr iJ4i ae in.r rr l5lGd n:rr i .' ! I ' ! . q - -elur:Jun nlu'ruu6i1[o u Lnr'orn.: LuanrnrrroaiolriuI firllilffozun6 rriu rfilzunru6er oosiu

,u nr il'rruur.,rTu riiucl"'u arirriu nr:rler n:.:ur.r ruJ:: rnr 'ki'uri n.r:orio qro.i'.ldr r nnndr.r rHr ylr.r riounr:rJ a nfir nrF or nr:r6{.r: lrfr.]r14.r r!1.1ai.:rirlffiulo uiirrrriru nr:fla.r,i'uibi ' rFerHa!r. lor irr rr iu r iroraaordu'[oi irrTori inr:Harrl6anlorqiun:uar.:rr ir ' l r jlijueiu nrrrir nl r rrirlo oia nr:rJfrd6oir.r "; I o,: rnuor:n:1unr:rjnnfir rotu.r s-or{ rriu iinonrrrrfiu,: nr:lfil:.J*f,ninryrlunr:H6olo unr:ilonririrruia:JnnfinrsrJ nr: rrsunr6ororieonr:rnun:lrf i l rr j (recycting) Rreirr l rn cirdo:r ir r :rd. lorr l i r f i I 16 r: l olu-nitrnr: Iolrarn:odr.r0lr irhi l f ionrr lr , l -r1oria.ruf i ' f i rnr:rnrgor:oi, :r6r:aorrnuo:n.r

antw u: e da rJ In:rnir ur n: i f io r i our*a:o:Ja::n1aJn1:tnus]rernooourrur6oua:! ! . 4

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. ;rnu0tnTuucl tlJu0 u t.J u.l

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^ A a arrunr: rui orfr fi r aff u:nryr rilurr nr tr ruruo a n'l

l0 nruidrnr:rnun:

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ir * n'ul rir fi o r.l : sl u r dd a :r r.r ! 0 r du hi i r o :, fl u o r rir.l : r n o r fi i' r r, #, niuf, ri'r fi rr r r ' - * d J & j

rffTD5n0 L1 L

1t:0flo?tauJ 01n1 n.JRU

n q 6 n' i : l Io l :J n dl alt : : . l l nr:rnuo:1o 1 f i or ru n"n or r i iul q 6n.i :r : f i r f i oor nrJ i fiiurdr 'n:rir.l o.l+i'r.J:: n olrrl6rnrr (biotic componenr) n-l o.l*i'rj::n olfi Gln.jrn1un1n (physicat component) nr::llqr"l n"ul o.:n?1trfltnu d.t u?1.t,tirnrnnr rLlsianrr:rr.ln"'uo.rnriuio'r"'lriluljlsifio:rir1frfio::rrfirf,onnri"uunslu-rl::Iuni (synergism )l - . - i - - i . J . 'Lufreo d,rryreir i i r i iunr ' :r i r l runarl.rr:Ttx.tqorar: lr lnuo:f ir . :sr i nonr: l f i to.rr i

: :nor5u,1 6ihir i ludrular::rr.r r , l iu iJrrof i ar:rn f irJ:r ! q-o:f i r odaon nonl:n\:vrurta.Jlnuo:nr usif i l f r f i oraf i r :rrnnr:zufi o nr: iruurnrr:ro.r;r: .r l luf i qo

. YLurloolurrn Lu Ln 0 nr:r nuo:u a:i inr:rir ror rnnlula fld'.r n;ir rbjlflu:::.i:.i fii i r uruun: rf i a n 1 n rr1 u ( g;r l f i z y ryrnluln f i o- lnrirr f i olr rur.r arnu ar r lui inr::J:rRrinrr un:r.J:;&riruo ryrnlula fiur ul ur fi rilueiruyd.rfi nr: r n uo:uru:lo olyurirurldrfi ofl o.lriunl:rr?l fl u n1:r!ur o (prophytacric) rdu nr;ldniufri'ru?lru n1:doni,ln't:'luunl nr::J a nfilyr turi uu lrl rnniula f,fi r:Jiul rafi auriJunr.: rfi'n irit fi'ulri'ri'u::ttl arfrrriu nr:rJnnfirirlfu (mixed farming) nr:zu alruaru:yuirlnr: nnfilua:rdu.lfrorj riJuaiu rijuvir.ir#.lrno'jrrrnlulndlur.i 1 or'rn6ir?d 'lrj'lrirriunr:rfilruanfiororirr

rir lvi'utdufi ro u rriulunr:niorur nr rrn:re:o1lJ [[u1l o.: nr;rJfriG n'ur uoitunr.lo:.ll'r r. " ^ ^ t _ l - a J - 1 v ^tnn[uInSrvrairfrr.rr i . lr ialr irfrorJ:;Iunin:l:: l lrntlol:rn1tl j : : !Lfif iori luanryirLro{arfieir l1 niu *a:luanrnl a r 6 uuc:orr r o o ru a'r:nff idrr r iueir u Iorhrrr:orirr0r:;ur nl;rn uo'if i i o ri luanr

uro ̂-a ufit., i , n..,rrf i r l zu n zu6 e unr ri ju:rr.r l rnuo:1olrnuo:n::rrdoufirrnou adrrt:f iorruRlfiaird'oorirr i ,r i irr i lrrolulnfirreird toiuri

i n , x { .nr:fihj'lo"tfnr r I air riq oia rn nlulo i1o '1 rflufi rnu rarnuEiirrirfirflrnr:i'onr::;lrr n uor:firr arifirir roln'r'r x nl ny dr rmr16r nr n lrlf'rfluri:rl uni rriu nr:1ffitqr::nn

nr:e-rrur::uunr:rirrtrfr ni.:d r r":tlurnrn:n::r:rCornBo:n: d,: in q io ! !!n:n r r rL d.: d u',

r:!! Inun tutQ flull lJ ytuE't ulo.1

ne 1t.Jua 1nya1flyr1{n.JR 111

(Ag r icu l tu ra l System through Eiodivers i ty)

nl unl It d o n1:t1i'fl 'r: Lfl fi

nrTa'o nlTAuunrilu

n 1 : L A ! g

- ni'r anfitn!uriuuf !- tf l :,t f lT' l,t.?la{ou

- nllo? nu L:nlt l la.t

tou1t r t 'T tu t r ' lo

- n1':vtfl'B1vtl{t

- R?1!li lun:o fi ' ] .!

110 .1o u

- n1'r'[n Jllt -

- n't: l lan$/T tu

fl n ultr: o't I dJ

- n l l1 :a ln

1{ n n 3a1u

1JaJOU

- n 'D nn/

n1: tnu tn u1l

n'lJ HJ O nTt1l

- n ' t T tT L ? .3 /

n!on tun'r ':

o1!nlJflo't1rtr

n'tT ta a tTllA A A

f l : to ' tu :a aauj

l?{ 0flern1:n'r a1u

1 A { l l ! n i f l o ' t 1 4 1

lliu pyrethrum

nicotine

neem tree

- n' t T tT t PI1+Ll, lR 0

1 0.111t fro 1

*rockphospate

' l ime

'gypsum

*granite dusl

- Organic lerti l izer

*blood meal

*bone meal

'sea producl

- Commerc ia l

product

*soil conditioner

*foliar spray

- n1T dnfilnl:urittu - Primany mineral or- n1'tld'iJufiafro organic waste

- nlrjanfixiluniu

gil fi z uaru4 iro.rtsu !nt*nrfi rrarifi irnr.: 16on!ra1ayl1.!

n 1 : 0 0 n 1 : f f o t l l t

t2 ntr ir lrnr:rnunr

n'rlunr:! n nfitu ruri ru nr:H ar,.r fr1u:rx'i1{fixun: fro'51u::r r nr:ldir r:r afi Hfi or* , t - -

" . , t ' z at'rLlinRUriju:Jr:tutridnn5.ryfi,r nr:ldiao nrfi aki'luiiJull'::lunf rriu nr:lffir.r

irnryr ua:#rir 6'rX0.:f i 6onr:ldrnniula d rr.r; irdniol 1 fuuor u g rnnIuIofi

na"n tnr*"rflunr:H6ouarnr:frorcuu lnufl :lfrrr?rdfi arnrogoonlrrnr*orrl&o fi $t a . & e i , JLurrr tn uo:fl rr sriuu lr n nnr: ' [r qj j fr o;dr lr r inr:rnso:if i ulr leiuri nr:

ouinri (conservation) ttn:nlrdln ii'l lrLi"kiS n (renewabte) 1a.]m; urn: nlLl;tl sixrorn'teioanrtt urqrdorun:inur snlurnlyrt a.J n't:ru6 olr.iaJr raro Lioia,: a.l rfiul:J r.riool tnu lu

nrtnru"rifil{ dl dnr:fior:rurlunr: A or1a.r'r:x x r.n orrrir* or:ia"nurwo-,:dt . o o n r :1dn i.: lr u u o : ni.r,r ur n: rfi un rr uir ril u yi ur ur rldrj :rI unir a.r

u n'.1':rulum n a.r ri ::nor rfr ado:rirlf#o eirur artr o fi'loi:*r nir nr: rfi r oiur u (ourpurzinput) ardeo

2. nonr:aq rdu.tta.l!'1sro1xrr rriu nr:tun aanuon:3!! n1:txflrjr nr:rrn'r.:ll"Jyrsnrurton6u rair nr:rir rorrro aur:lr1.i5 noi,rr.rd.l Io u uiunr:ldfirar:tn o o"r ill6uririun;ilur r-n r o u rour,rilrn.rl.i'fe q rr6 o1.f1rirfio:J::l ulrfeion''rrrl.1"oAu

g. rriunr:1dru0ru60rfi tluyl'orfi ulunr:lfriluarur:io{ rdanonr:f.rrrirra,:arlr :e n{or nuon::rr.r

a. rfunr:flo.rniunr:r:a'r,rn",rr;nr ul o,l6u 6r rijunr:rir ar uriyr lrn:n1:rnreojIo oar:.r

5. nooiuvrurrarrfirl*Rninuoaooour.l::Rnirunlo.lylriru n".uurorfin lulonni.l. L f

u.n:Tu'rer !ro ro r nr: rrrnn tuladnr:rnuordrrrr:crrir rnuo:firrarir iu ";i r - V t . _11{612UlJa , tn1T00n1:uuL l40Lt | t3 l l !n1TLnu0 l ' . .u ' t f l7 l t l7 t ' t , t . Ia . t tnDo ' tu l tu . t 1J0

firr:rurlunr':fo nr:er rr:n at:l riluria 1 oirrl loio'rd- t A a a ' a i e i Y . , -1. !Un1:mn;: .1l tx nnn outunnu :o ' tJ6t t {u t ludntt t l a.J n ' t ' tau:n uou

. . , , 1 , 4 + ! ; X ^ ' r "

) , . - ] rl t n ; u ' l 1 1 0 Y l 6 l o f i n I 1 ] l n 1 u i 3 0 a . l u ' t ! l n l J n r l 7 l n n : { L u n l t y l l : n l r - 1 u o L 1 4 x n ' ] : I n

a vu:rulunhuru:air,: 1 1ul nr: 16lr riunr:nnlr,,lrlfionunr: nnfitnnl (cover crop) fierru

ua t t ! : ; ! uau t f i r a^ l ! - ' i I ' i e ' r . ' ^ )z . n1T[TAUYI :U lqn0U' � t . t f l l l ' � t t f l !aLu t t !nJ ua u . t :J t r tuxu Inouy t [ 13 !dn

td a t l l

3. n1idilr:lunfl ortr erorvrr:5 nn:"rud.: (recycting of nutrienr) lu:fia.rnr:r 4 A X ' . a I - t , - i

unn T'lrll lut?uu nl:Launild't L1{u'1111? n1J!nn Ttnu.ldoll't ': nuttR;nljtjanl'{totTrnRn?i a e , l a .

u0lJ t l , l l l :3 t uxuo ar : ! u

4. nltRr! n rn ;il ar furi'er:fi t Io u6'riiriuo:rirhirfi o nrr rsro a ril o.:fo:f i t rrn v a"o:l : :r tr 6

nr:irrurr:uunr:ril4rir o:".rfr t t"::urrntrn:n::ltdarnBq:n: d{!!roda!ttn:nlrif.riu" l 3

n1:ri'l ralonFfiJrsnaur oo orrrunGdodr+rurlftrtrfi orJ:slsrfrflrnrr rid rir frul o.:::ur rnuo':firr qd d'ldlcin dr 1il. tiod'"ri" rilunr:dr rar a.rri

:;nouro,rnr:rir riryrtrdurr HnrHarufru rd on:rirlfirfiorj:sRyrinl rr ai o,rri'l:gn a!mr6rnrxLirrndu rfi o:J::IutrinrnnrMr nl nr a'r unr.rirnl,r un:lufiso:su:r rnue't& - . a J Arlu 1 fro; Ia=n unrlrlunliru6 o un;d't lt'rnfro; tfr ! rflfr ri:nrti nrtzufi o ltnsdrt d{nunr:n oo,no"rfiuuodu'lci' orr un ur ur lrir lr6.r:;r.rrio:rirtr.liiultr lr ro'.r n rirri rijuiinr:fr H el ror orri :; n ornrrr:: !r6o n oooul, lr i . td, * uorir j* n ar riu g lr ldr. l : :Iulf r ir l f : ;rreirnrirr iorrrunrnnaruli irf io1a,r&idfi6io rntr f io n::rul ar?.rJ a a ^f l !a?or ocaoounriau:nuoulrn:r iyrurn:5uq lu::rr nr:]drjr ; I r t frra r nr:r ir^ c - ' e t , ,nn n::!yln nuruurn r'r'r recycring lrio nr:rir url.ily ri rfiofilliriu lrn:eirl1 rilniirr

gq$1 sx:alunoanoln: rtl

nrno:tf iuurorJ.rarr r i lu::runr:rn:ro: ineirrf i r ,ruu,norrd,"r 'rrordld,r ' t

a.l6tJ::naueir.r,1 nnaJri :gn ourl or rnuo:firrsrffi r iu!rsiaurarr{rr rnirunrf,.loir.r j

d rflulo:.r sir.r rrd a:"r rir y rin rrjiurrafiouln:rafr,:larduiifion::lrr,:6rnlr driohdrfioorr r oolelu:nilurr ard urruruoo ntl n'r'r rJ$nl nunl uyrr16rmnfi r irrrafiounn'.rnr#1rira6 u:nrn [ri:su:Jfl or fiuvr".rdu uoo ua: u d.r uJiur rai oun-ri anl urordo

, a . l e a eeir.r 1 firirhirfioilrgrr un:rir nr u:rul rnuor:riu "1 r,r'rrl noa l6ufiorr r lnrrrlolfirrnrio{ra:nrr!f,'!yr-r*f::u'ir.16u rir ieri fir:Jirrraiaufir-rr^lrzurirdo:iarriufilfo,rri'rJ:;na!du"t lunoontjuon':;r, ,Lnrrt,,o', In:.rafrrf i6 un'.rorfi6ua;drnf.rf i6 f irJ::n al r{u rijurir ar.l ui a r:Jiul rai ou:::.t ! nr:lnuq:driun.t

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lunrr riir rilud o:qia r rir:"0lfifi n r:r,riqi ur nr:rnuq:lurj:s rnsddr d-i rier ur oi'.r d. r r - . - - r r - . - . - . - d - d - ) n v , X auJu0 u tullIu3l.t $ n n I n ufl10.JT:ull InuFttut'l fluo,ty] Lonn11 't un{ rliut! u

tR lt11u1

o: riluiinr:i rurr;e rlunr:yisnur nr:rn uoreir uir:J:: ryrafirir n"rniar ur un;airrirrnuo:n::rrdog unsnr:dr rfiu.rrulun-n urur rriudorqia.lor ou nr:io-r rro:nr:d.r reirnr:

J c J -LnuotlYl[t1j.t[n:.J n?l Rul'{Ut:3yl?].tdnl!uo'tl g ylaf,sltrflLulnu tlu n: 111nl:tnuo:, I , f f d , 9 - -flnruunnrur oo rrn tu In u tru n:l eil ta3lnr:rnuot: anrliufryr.J?n ulrc:r.rn a!: rr1-[

llyrliyluln-u anr liurn uq:n:ei1{ s} o fl oonufln.}:riurfiurrio,rdu I rriu a,:rinrroaro uiaALnuornJ turnr:rfi anr:rnusr:ttn;a$n:ni riJueiu nr:nimur:s!!nr:rnuo:lurrurrrrrriu

t - , ,fi rilurlurrur a.r nr:rrierurruuyr oia {rirn:rr lrnou Io ulda firlql.},rrio,: fiurn:"n rr n:fra , . ' ) i ar l a u r!uyro{ turrx;rournunrriunlrLi ' r l : : Iuniaa.rnrrrrnrnuarulr. :61nrnrr,r

" , v < - a & -

rnltoin:Jr.J 6,::r lrI,:nt:rfrlinurfityr::u0",: r6l (indigenous crop germplasm) oticirl rdue ^ a t A a , . , j - , -nr:r,tour nr:NdcrSlu rfr a oonr:urilulur|fr riluoi': nrldr n"nrl ornr:d'o'hirir nr ur-lr nr:

l4 n lN1d ln11tnuo1

io-u nr: ldi l :gI urr i ' l a.rf i l rJr1urf i .r r luln:rf lusiu *a: luairuaorirrf i i i rr i luo;oio' :I d ' ^ t e

vtnl: T fla L|.u! u.Hut|.f,i n1Jo1J,tx1o?1T.J tn!9oJYl In]to'tnT 0u n1T't rn't1;vluqL11a':A . , r r d e . Z ^ v

tnDo. 'n : t l t01{ ' l l t1nnlJ lnuIn3n' ]unaotnf lLu lnut1 l f l tn$0Tnlq1l ]1uoaul jann1:?nu

Lrn: if lu1r:u:rnr:rirr4r{rL vr".rdrfrahirnnlulafidH6odu lt" lo-rr.rrr:arlu::r:.r^ c ! , . ' I r d . i i '

r n E o r u t ? f l u l l u 6 j n ' t ! 1 T n n 1 u Y r 0 o t t a : ] ! L o I o u l n B o r . l n J L ! n s t u u L m n I u t n u r t t- A a , I v & I

11Tv{UlnTrUOUtlurHnOnl Ufl:U1 l! f inl ' �r lJ?AtUl n11T10.: n1'5 rn DO:lJ a{:31l]JUU 6l tU

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