R . S . de Groot et al . / Ecological Economics 41 (2002) 393–408
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Ecosystem functions: The capacity of natural processes and components to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs. (de Groot, 1992) Ecosystem Services: Valued Ecosystem Functions. R.S. de Groot et al. / Ecological Economics 41 (2002) 393–408
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Ecosystem functions: The capacity of natural processes and components to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs. (de Groot, 1992) Ecosystem Services: Valued Ecosystem Functions. R . S . de Groot et al . / Ecological Economics 41 (2002) 393–408. IFS-MM Result. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of R . S . de Groot et al . / Ecological Economics 41 (2002) 393–408
Ecosystem functions: The capacity of natural processes and components to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs. (de Groot, 1992)Ecosystem Services: Valued Ecosystem Functions.
R.S. de Groot et al. / Ecological Economics 41 (2002) 393–408
IFS-MM ResultLand Use / Land CoverForest, Wetland, Riparian, River/Lake, Urban, Dairy, Sheep&Beef, Horticulture
Ecosystem ServicesFunctioning index (slider)
ValuesCost of actionsBenefit Transferred ESStakeholder dialogue
ActionsErosion control (SLUI)Nutrient managementRiparian PlantingWaste Water TreatmentRestoration
Impacts of Erosion, Nutrient runoff and habitat loss
Natural Capital (and changes in land use)•Forest•Wetlands•Rivers and Streams •Estuary and coast •Dairy•Beef & Sheep•Horticulture•Urban
Ecosystem Services•Storm protection•Food•Habitat provision•Nutrient cycling•Climate regulation and carbon cycling•Recreation
(E)Valuation•Stakeholder participation•National, regional and local funding sources for actions.•CBA, EIA and CEA.•Cultural and spiritual values•Perceived or non-perceived benefits •Changes over time and time delays
Action Plan•Fencing of Streams and riparian planting•SLUI and reforestation•Wetland restoration•Nitrogen management and herd homesPoint source reduction
Impacts •Erosion and sedimentation•Nutrient runoff and eutrophication•Aquatic habitat
MIMES ResultsLand Use / Land CoverForest, Wetland, Riparian, River/Lake, Urban, Dairy, Sheep&Beef, Horticulture
Ecosystem ServicesFunctioning index (slider)
ValuesCost of actionsBenefit Transferred ESStakeholder dialogue
ActionsErosion control (SLUI)Nutrient managementRiparian PlantingWaste Water TreatmentRestoration
Impacts of Erosion, Nutrient runoff and habitat loss
Forest, Wetland, Riparian, River/Lake,
Ecosystem Services Provided
Stakeholder dialogue
Actions
Impacts of Erosion, Nutrient runoff and habitat loss
Urban, Dairy, Sheep&Beef, Horticulture
-+
Pressures
- +
-+
Ecosystem Services Demanded
ValuesCost of actions
+-
-
-+
Causality within the sustainability loop
Forest, Wetland, Riparian, River/Lake,
Ecosystem Services ProvidedActions
Impacts of Erosion, Nutrient runoff and habitat loss
Urban, Dairy, Sheep&Beef, Horticulture
-+
Pressures
- +
-+
Ecosystem Services Demanded
Values
+
-
-+
Economic Services
-+
EconomicSectors
+ +
Causality for sustainable economies
Forest, Wetland, Riparian, River/Lake,
Ecosystem Services ProvidedActions
Impacts of Erosion, Nutrient runoff and habitat loss
Urban, Dairy, Sheep&Beef, Horticulture
-+
Pressures
- +
-+
Ecosystem Services Demanded
Values
+
-
-+
Economic Services
-+
EconomicSectors
+ +
Causality for non-sustainability Economies
Subsidies+
Manawatu Land Use (ha) by Land Covers
Land Use Dairy Cropping
Forestry
Sheep &
Beef
ResidentialIndustryServices
Conservation
Water Use
Land Cover
Urban 11468
Pasture 50685 170106
Cropping 6591
Wetland 210Forest 8585 22665
Shrub 63697
Water 3092
Riparian 222
Ecosystems provide Ecosystem Functions
S() S()S()S()
EcosystemFunctions
De-nitrification
Water storage
Habitat conditions for wildlife
Habitat conditions for Soil organisms
Growing of Biomass
Buildings and and Roads
Land CoverorEcosystems
Riparian low medium high medium medium
Cropping low high low
Forest medium high high high
Pasture low low high low
Shrub low medium medium low
Urban high
Water low high high low
Wetland high high high low
Ecosystem functions perform servicesEcosystemServices
Waste assimilation
Flood protection
Habitat provisioning
Recreational Cultural
Pollination
Fish and Water Quality
Soil Formation
Water Supply
Food provisioning
EcosystemsFunctions
Denitrification X xWater Storage x x
Habitat for Wildlife
x x x
Habitat for Soil Organisms
x x
Growing of Biomass
x x X
Buildings and Roads
x
Ecosystems provide Ecosystem Functions
S()
Performance
Ecosystems
Ecosystem FunctionsTotal ESS Function
Ecosystem services needs for economic productivity E
cosy
stem
ser
vice
s
Economic Sectors
Demographic Groups
Farmers
Recreationists
Foresters
Iwi Urbanites Conservationist
Industrialists
Services
EcosystemsServices
Waste assimilation high highFlood protection low low high high high
Habitat provisioning medium high high high
RecreationalCultural
high high high
Pollination high highFish and Water Quality
high high medium high
Soil Formation high high
Water Supply high medium high mediumFood provisioning high high high medium
Ecosystem services needs for economic productivity
Service Needs
ServicesSatisfied by ESS
Ecosystems
Ecosystem Functions Total ESF Supply
Performance
Economic Sectors
Economic sector productivity needs for economic sectors
Economic Sectors
Eco
nom
ic S
ecto
rs
Demographic Groups
Farmers
Recreationists
Foresters
Iwi Urbanites
Conservationist
Industrialists
Services
Demographic Groups
Farmers high high high high highRecreationists med high
Foresters low low low med high
Iwi high high low
Urbanites high high high highConservationists med high med high med high
Industrialists high high high low high high
Services high high med high low high high
Ecosystem Functions Sector SolutionsOmni-directional, GlobalCarbon sequestration Net Primar Productivity Carbon capture
Carbon storage Biomass Carbon Storage
Existence of “nature” Diverse Habitats The Zoo, Musea
Omni-directional, Local Storm protection Coastal Wetlands Dikes
Waste treatment Nutrient cycling Waste management
Pollination Pollinator habitat Bee keeping
Directional flow related:
Water supply Rain, Rivers and Streams Water diversion projects
Water regulation/flood protection Soil storage potential Dams
Nutrient regulation Mineralization processes Fertilizer production
Sediment regulation Soil protection through root structures Settling ponds
In situRangeland for livestock Natural shrubs and grasslands Pasture, Feed crops
Nitrogen mineralization Decomposition of Org Matter Fertilizer application
Soil formation Weathering and Litter fall Hydroponics
Raw materials Wood Plastics
Non-timber forest products Mushrooms Twinkies
User movement flow relatedAesthetic/recreation potential The local swimming hole Tourist activities
Economic sector productivity needs for economic sectors
Service Needs
Services Satisfied by ESS
Residual ServiceNeeds
Economic Sectors
ServicesSupplied
Servicesneeds
Satisfied
Total ECS Supply
Total ESF Supply
Economic sectors produce Environmental Externalities
Impacts Nitrogen Loading
Urbanization
Restoration
Erosion
Demographic Groups
Farmers high highRecreationists medium low
Foresters low low high
Iwi
Urbanites high highConservationists high
Industrialists high
Services high high
Economic sectors produce Environmental Externalities
Service Needs
Residual ServiceNeeds
Economic Sectors
Servicesneeds
Satisfied
Total ECS Supply
Services Satisfied by ESS
production
ServicesSupplied
Total ESF Supply
Externalities have impact on Ecosystems
Ecosystems
Ext
erna
litie
s
Externalities have impact on Ecosystems
Production
ECS available
Ecosystems
Performance
Economic Sectors
Scenarios: The Impact of Decision Makers on Impacts from Investments
Impacts Farms
Recreation
Forestry
Indigenous rights
Commerce
Conservation
Industry
Decision Makers
Individuals
Households
Managers
Regional councils
SLUI
National government
I
International organizations
Decision Making
EcosystemsCapital
Production
ECS available
Performance
Decision Making
InvestmentEconomic Sectors
