R E 1 Monitoring environmental health around Schiphol airport Carla van Wiechen, Danny Houthuijs,...
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Transcript of R E 1 Monitoring environmental health around Schiphol airport Carla van Wiechen, Danny Houthuijs,...
Monitoring environmental health around Schiphol airport
Carla van Wiechen, Danny Houthuijs, Siem Heisterkamp, Erik Lebret
2EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
F
GB
DB
NL
3EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Health Impact Assessment Schiphol (HIAS)
Monitoring programme 2002 - 2006
Aims
• to keep the “finger on the pulse”
• to assess changes in environmental quality and environmentally related health effects
• to support the decision making process on the development of air traffic
4EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - Monitoring
Combination of various study designs
• cross-sectional questionnaire survey (2002)– reference data
• panel study (2002 - 2005)– in areas with expected changes in aircraft noise
• small area level analyses with routine data– follow-up spatial pattern of disease
5EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statisticsHealth data• hospital admissions
– cardiovascular diseases– respiratory diseases
• medication use– cardiovascular– respiratory– sleeping pills / sedatives
• Environment Advisory Committee Schiphol– number of complainants about aircraft noise
6EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Population data• per postcode area, by 5-year age and sex
– yearly updated (national statistical office)
Health determinants at postcode level• socio-economic indicators
– % high and low income– average value of housing stock
• % non-Western immigrants• smoking
– estimation of % smokers
7EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statisticsGeographical data
• spatial link
via postcode
• area 55 km2
• 490 postcodes
• total population:
2,890,000
• postcode average:
5,900 inhabitants
[10 - 21,000]
8EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Environmental exposure data
air traffic noise
Lden (day, evening, night)
50 dB(A)
58 dB(A)
9EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Environmental exposure data
Lnight (23:00-7:00)
49 dB(A)
10EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
11EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Average Lden per postcode with min. and max. values (2000)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80dB(A)
12EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
variance:
• between postcodeshigh (30)
• within postcodeslow (1)
• between yearslowest (0.5)
Average values of Lden
per postcode
<= 41
42 - 45
46 - 49
50 - 53
54 - 57
58 - 61
62 - 65
> 65
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000<= 41
42 - 45
46 - 49
50 - 53
54 - 57
58 - 61
62 - 65
> 65
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000 0 km 10
13EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Statistical method– Bayesian disease mapping– spatiotemporal modelling– Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation methods
(MCMC)– compare competing models:
exchangeableconditional autoregressive (CAR)
– use of Expected Predicted Deviance (EPD)
14EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Complainantsaircraft noise
– Standard Ratio– year 2000– model:
exchangeable – interaction
of time and site
<=90
>90-110
>110-150
>150-200
>200-300
>300
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000not significant
<=90
>90-110
>110-150
>150-200
>200-300
>300
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000 0 km 10
15EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
x-axis: average Lden per postcode (logarithmic)y-axis: Mean SMR (complainants), Exchangeable-model + interaction, year 2000 where postcode areas have >= 100 inhabitants
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
100
16EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Resuming• ingredients to get started• further development of aggregated health
determinants• search for solutions to constraints• further exploration of exposure co-variables
Thank you for your attention!
17EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - Monitoring
Environmental exposure data
Expected changes
between years
2000 and 2005
(Lden)
noise decrease
noise increase
18EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - Monitoring
Environmental exposure data
Road traffic
Lday (7:00-23:00)
49 dB(A)
19EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Health Impact Assessment Schiphol (HIAS)
Phase I 1991-1993
Health studies in relation to environmental pollution,as part of Environmental Impact Assessment
Phase II 1995-2002
Fill up gaps in knowledge
• Ecological studies: health registries
• Epidemiological field studies on e.g.:- annoyance, self-reported health, perceived risks- sleep disturbance - respiratory complaints in children- performance of children (RANCH)