r========~

8 THE JACOBITE. . ~

~The only Jacobite paper in ~d ~o

New lealand, ,. Published once every Quarter,

=================Vat. II..-No. 8. 2nd August, 1924, Is. per year, posted.

NOTES AND GENERAL."I always read 'The Jacobite'

with great interest, so manycurious and hitherto unrecordedfacts are continually appearingin it."-Prince Frederick DuleepSingh.

~

The West Highland Museum,which was founded in 1922 at:Fort William, should appeal toeveryone in any way "associated-with the West Highlands-with the Cradle of the '45. In1922-23, during the three sum-mer months, a Loan Exhibitionwas held at Fort William ofmany and varied objects con··nected with. Lochaber. Thesecomprised historical documents,miniatures, books, prints, maps,coins, weapons, articles con-nected with spinning and weav-ing, the clans, etc., in fact,everything illustrating the life ofpast times in the district. Thenucleus of a good referencelibrary is already in being, andother important sides to thismuseum it is hoped to developfurther, such as the holding oflectures and special exhibitions.

It is astonishing even in theselatter, busy, and mostly mer-cenary days, how the story ofthe romance of Prince CharEestirs the hearts of the Scottishpeople, and not only in the High-·lands, but in the Isle of 'Night,and even in far away New Zea-land, we have another gatheringof those who love "the King overthe water." By the way, theNew Zealand folk publish inRongotea an exceedingly cleverlittle quarterly, "The Jacobite,"showing many suggestive side-lights on the Royal House ofStewart. These remarks areprompted after viewing the film

of Bonnie Prince Charlie, whichis supposed to tell something ofhis wonderful invasion in 1745.-Greenock Herald.

The annual subscription forordinary members is 5/-, specialsubscription members, £1 1.The Hon. Secretary, Mr. .V. T.Hodgson, F.S.A., Onich, Inver-nesshire, will gladly supply allinformation regarding this typi-cally H'r'hland Institution. ThePresidec~~ is the bearer of a namefamous in the. J'Lcobite annals-Cameron of Lochie!., ThelVIuseuffi authorities contemplatenext year holding a PrinceCharlie or '45 exhibition. Thosewho remember the Stuart Ex-hibition 1888-9, and the Jacob-ite Exhibition at Inverness in1903, will sincerely hope this pro-posal eventuates. .

Sincere thanks are due to allthe following for help in keepingour flag,· "The Jacobite," fly-ing :'-Mr. Theodore Napier,Melbourne, (quarterlv) £5; Mr.St. Elmo Murray, 'Suva, Fiji,12/-; Mr. Victor T. Hodgson,Onich, Invernesshire, 5/-; 1vlrs.Gerritzen, Lower Hutt, NewZealand, 5/-; Mr. J. Keith, Win-dennere St., Batlarat, Victoria,4/-; Mr. Alex Shaw, Clissold St.,Ballarat, 1/-. Per favour ofMrs. D. \Vilson, Romsey, Vic-toria; Mr. Hugh McCormick,Romsey, 5/-; Mr. J. M. Spring,Romsey, 5/-. From Mr. AlexA. MacRae, of Winton, NewZealand, who is now on a visitto Australia, we have receivedthe following :-Mr. A. \V.Stewart" Romsey, Victoria, 5/-;Mr. D. Lumsden, Romsey, 5/-;Mr. Wm. Hemphill, Rochfort,1/-. Per favour of Mr. SI. ElmoMurray, of Fiji, we have to ac-

knowledge the following sub-scriptions and donations fromresidents of Suva :-,Miss L.Ward, Pier Hotel, 2/-;· Mt.McKenzie Hunt, 1/-; Mr. Wm.McGowan, 1/-; Mr·. G. Lenox,2/-; Mr. C. Miller, 3/-; Mr. AMason, 1/-; Mr. Muir, 4/-; Mr.F. S. Lindsay, 2/-; Captain Gob-lin, 2/-; Mr. F. J. Lockington,2/-; Mr. Terry, 2/-; Mr. R. Wil-son, 3/-; Mr. G. Frazer, 1/-; Mr.George Dick, 2/-; Mr. W. Borth-wick, 1/-; Mr. Benjamin, 1/-;Mr. Ronald Bently, 2/-; Mr.Alex Bently, 4/-;. Mr. ThomasPotts, 2/-. We have alsoreceived from Mr. TheodoreNapier £3 3s for the AlexanderMacdonald Memorial Fund.

TO THE MARTYRS OF 1746.

Where the wild white Roses BloomWhere the stream is ever weeping,

In the \voodland's lonely gloomTender hearts and true are sleeping-.

\;Yhere the moorland stretches wideUnderneath grey skies of sorrmv,

They are lying,. side to side,Who will never greet the morrow.

From the busy town's hot strife,Where man's footfall ceaseth never,

They who bade "Good-night "I, tolife,

Rest secure and sweet for ever.

In the blood-red rage of war,Horse and man around them fly-

ing-Not the fear of death or law

Quelled the spirits of the -dying.

Martyr hearts and hands of oldHoly is t~e calm around you,

Death assatled, yet true and boldTo the last unchanged it found you.

Down t~e years, ,in echoes deep,Soundmg far 0 e.' glen and corrie,

Come the words to us who weep-"Strive for Right and not' for

glory."lda Marie Browne.

From the "Fiery Cross."

/

/

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EDITOR'S NOTICE.All ~ Subscriptions, Enquiries,. or

Literary Contributions should be sentto the Edi tor:

C. C. BAGNALL. Rongotea.Palmerston North.

Cb~ JacobU~.. 2nd AUGUST, 1924.

SHAKESPEARE A LEGI-TIMIST.

"That hand shall burn in never-quenching fire,

That staggers thus my person,"Are the words \"hich Shakes-

peare places III the mouthof the deposed and dyingKing Richard n. Mr. G.K. Chesterton says that Shakes-peare is right in makingRichard n. incarnate theclaim to divine right, and thatthe usurpation of Henry ofBolingbroke in 1399 was thefirst true usurpation in Englishhistory. The Jacobite sym-pathies of Robert Burns, and SirWaIter Scott ar~ well known,We propose to show by quota-tions from an article in the"Royalist," by J. N. Hethering-ton, that Shakespeare was an up-holder of the principle ofHereditary Right.

A poct's mind is like a stringedinstrument. if you strike it, itmust vibrate, and through thewhole of Shakespeare's writingswe may hear the perfect har-mony of lQyalty, and the deepfundamental tone of a belief intrue kingship. Who can doubtthat, if Shakespeare had beenborn half a century later than hewas. and had lived through thetroublous times of the Greatn~bellion, he would have thrown:,l h~s lot with the \Vhite Kingand not with the rebellious Com-mons? A writer, whom no onewill credit with Royalist views,Mr. Sam Laing, says: "HadShakespeare lived a generationlater, we may conjecture that hewould have been a Cavalier, andcharged with Rupert rather thanwith Cromwell." A German.critic, Rumelin, declares thatShakespeare was an extremeRoyalist, opposed to the Puri-tans. Lord Morley says, "Thegreatest poets reflect beside all

THE J A COB I T E.

else the broad-bosomed havenof a perfect and positive faith.To this band of sacred bards feware called, and perhaps not mor~than four high names would fillthe list of the chosen. Dante,the poet of Catholicism, Shakes-peare of Feud.1lism, Milton ofProtestantism, Goethe of the newfaith which is as yet without anyrecognised label. Again whilein Dante the inspiring force Vi asspiritual, and in Goethe it wasintellectual, wc may saythat both 111 Shakespeareand Milton it was politicaland social." Quotations mighteasily .be multiplied fromwriters like Hazlett. Coler-idg-e, Dr. vVordswurth and manyothers, to show that men of allshades of political belief have re-cog-nised in Shakespeare thevoice of Feudalism or Royalism.

The most superficial reader ofhis plays must admit thatShakespeare was a Royalist, andlike all true Royalists a Legi-timist, with no sympathy withusurpation. Even in the come-dies and romantic plays theseviews may be traced: in verymany the Sovereign Prince is theguiding and controlling powerthroughout, and the banished anddeposed rulers always attractour sympathies, and in the endare restored and enjoy their ownagain. The banished Duke in"As You Like It," and Prospero,in HThe Tempest," are the ob-·jccts of the poet's peculiar care.So it is in the ·tragedies: Mal-colm o'.-erth,-ows the usurper.Macbeth, and is placed on hisfather's throne; Hamlet's uncleis condemned, not only as a mur-derer, but also as a usurper; andthe Tragedy of CoriolaTIus is onclong- protest against the in-6ratitud~ of the "beast withmany heads," and the selfishgreed of demagogues.

But it is in the History orChronicle Plays that ,ve mustlook for the strongest expres-sion of the poet's belief; in no in-stance is there any sympathywith an usurper or with popularclamour. In Richard n. thepoet does not disguise the fail-ings of a king who leans toomuch on others, and who can talkbetter than he can act. But be-

2nd. August, 1924.

fore the end comes all our sym-pathies .are enlisted on his side,and we lament at the "woeful-pageant of a true king's fall."

At the deposition of Richardn., Bolingbroke usurps thecrown, and. the tragic history ofthe Wars of the Roses is fore-shadowed in the warning 'wordsof the Bishop of Carlisle :-"Theblood of England shall manurethe ground, ano future agesgroan for this foul _act." "Thevile politician, Bolingbroke" isdepicted as a shifty, subtle, am-bitious man, clever enough to

. make the most of every oppor-tunity that offers itself. Jf wefollo~ his career as gIven byShakespeare, we shall find that,as Henry IV. he never won theaffections of his subjects, politeruler though he was. He is re-presented as feeling remOf'5e torthe sin of usurpation, and it isas an act of atonemnt that hevows a Crusade to the Hnlv Land~"to wash the blood froD offhis guilty head." He knows heis a sham king, but his repen-tance takes the very vulgar formof securing to himself and hisfamily still more certainly thegain of his crime. In what is.almost his dying speech he con-fesses his guilt, and can onlyhope and pray that his son'sreign may be happier than hisown: "God knows, my son. bywhat by-paths, and crooked waysI met the Crown." Thel·e can belittle . doubt that Shakespearewas fascinated with Henry V. asa soldier and a leader of men;but even in his case the memoryof the sin remains. Before theBattle of Agincourt, he praysthat his father's sin in usurpingthe Crown may not be visited onhimself and on his soldiers.

(To be concluded).

. THE PRINCESS HENRIETTA.

The history of the exiled maleline of the House of Stuart, andthe history of the exiled descend-ants of the Princess Henrietta,Charles the First's daughter,present some remarkable paral-lels. Both branches of ourRoyal House were the victims ofrevolutionary charlatans, theheirs of both families left Eng-

2nd. August, 1924.

the Princess Henrictta in 1646,ocr nephew. the f4ture James[Il., in 1688. Both at first tookland as infants and in disguise-refuge in France, the heirs ofloth branches moved eventually:0 their long home in Italy.Both branches had, apart from:heir Stuart descent, the blood,i the Princely houses oi\10dena and Bavaria; both fami-ies dwelt Il1 friendship, the~lder line beqneathing their m-Icritance .to the younger.

The Princess Hcnrietta was)orll at Exeter vn June 16th,644, and perhaps because sheall1C into the ,"vorld at a time'.'hen troubles were pouring:hick and fast upon the Royallouse, she was from her birthICI' mother's favourite. King:harles only once saw this babyaughter of his, and that was~'hen his Queen had sailed in a)utch vessel for France, and he,hinking to find her, entered~xeter in triumph, where Lady\,IIorton put the new-born prin-ess into his arms. For twoears she remained in Englandoder Lady Morton's care, then,a< taken by this faithful lady toler mother in Paris disguiseds a little French beggar boy,nd called Pierre. Henriettatrongly oujected to her disguise,nd loudly protested that sheras a princess and not Pierre,ut fortunately no one heededer, and the journey ·was accom-fished in safety. Some yearsf great privation followed, when)od and firing were scarce com-lOdities with these Royal ladies.he Princess Henrietta marriedn March 31, 1661, the Dukef Orleans, and was, to quote arench writer, "of a rare beauty,f a sweet temper and a noble)irit." This most gifted daugh-:r of the Stuart race, sur-lUndcd by some of the cleverest~ople in Europe, was not Qut-lone, but was hailed as aoman of exceptional brillianceld fascination. To her was at-ibuted the introduction of that)litcness and grace which madeiance consider itself the school!d model of all human manners.er death in her 26th. year wasenerally believed to be due tolison, but modern research

THE JACOBITE.

leaves little doubt that it wasacute peritonitis. The PrincessHenrietta has been the subject ofseveral biograhies, one by Ju1iaCartwright (Mrs. Henry Ady)deserves mention.

The Princess Anne Mary(1668-1728. wife of the King ofSardinia), the only child of Hen-rietta who left issue, was ex-cluded from the British throne,together with all her descen-d"l1its, by tilL Act of Settlement,and her memorable protestagainst this Act may still be seenin the journals of the House ofLords. The crown of GreatBritain being heritable byfemales and the descendants offemales, the claims of PrincessAnne's family are just as soundas the now extinct Stuart maleline_ The late IvlarchionessVitel1eschi, a daughter of LordLamington, wrote a life of thePrincess Anne, entitled "TheRomance of Savoy, Victor Ama-deus and his Stuart Bride."Throllg·h the Royal families ofSardinia, Modena, and Bavaria,the elder line of the House ofStuart is continued to thlOt pre-sent day-the princes who haveinherited by birth-the selfsamerights as he who was at any rate"King 0' the Highland h.earts."

THE MACDONALDMEMORIAL.

Miss M. E. M. Donaldson hassent us the following letterwhich she has received from theRev. Canon Chisholm, ParishPriest of Arisaig :-" Regardingyour proposed memorial to theClanranald Bard, I am verypleased to hear about it. It hasbeen too long delayed, and as thegrave cannot now be traced Iwould suggest Cl bronze plaqueto be fixed in the wall of the oldruined church. 'rhe churchyard'is so overcrowded that there isreaily no room left anywhere forsuch a memorial as you suggest.I shall be pleased to hear fromyou what you think of my idea.I shall be delighted to be allowedto subscribe. I do not thinkthere can be any possible objec-tion from any quarter in carry-ing out your project, provided it

Page 79

is not reared on anyone's grave,which may be a difficult matterto avoid."

PURITAN BIGOTRY.

Mark Twain said that from hisknowledge of the PilgrimFathers he felt so sorry for thePilgrim Mothers. As James 1.and his son Charles I. came intofrequent collision with the Puri-tans, it is interesting to learnjust how the Puritans behavedwhen they founded (or ratherassisted to found) a colony oftheir own. If the Puritansproved themselves generous andtolerant, then we can guess thatJames and Charles were wrong;if, on the other hand, the Puri-tans proved themselves narrowand intolerant, then we knowthat J ames and Charles wereright.

The "London Spectator" ofAug. 26, 1922, discussing a newbook, "The Founding of NewEngland," by ]. S. Adams, savs:American history is now be~ngwri.tten by Americans and forAmericans in a strictly scientificfashion. The old fables andlegends, dear to uninformedpatriots, are being ruthlessly dis-carded in the search for truth.Mr. Adams shows in elaboratedetai I that the early leadersof New England detested noth-ing so l11uch as freedom, es-pecially in religion. He does notlike the Puritans, their virtueshe thinks were mainly nega-tions. He minimizes the partplayed by those "who fled fromoppression." The- emigrantscrossed the Atlantic, not 60 muchbecause they disliked KingCharles and Laud, as because thecloth trade was depressed.

:Mr. Adams can find 110 lan-guage too severe for the Puri-tans. Their intolerance wasshocking. It is hard to believethat Englishmen professingChristianity could have behave-dso abominally to fellow English-men as these emigrants behavedto Churchmen, Quakers andothers. "Heresy," which meantany divergence from the peCtl-liar form of Independency, was

Page 80

made a penal offence. ManyHheretics" were banished. Awoman who ventured to criticisethe ministers was whipped. TheQuakers were barbarously ilI-treated. William Brend for in-stance, was flogged, and then putinto irons and kept without foodfor some days. Four Quakerswho had returned from banish-ment were hanged; onc of themwas a woman. Mary Dyer. TheRestoration, which caused alarmat Boston, ·saved the lives ofmany Quakers, for Charles H.scnt orders that the persecutionwas to cease. Mr. Adams showsthat, not content with establish-ing a minority rule at home,they sought to browbeat theirneighbours, especially theplucky little Rhode Island com-munity, where real freedom ofthought was upheld. Charles11., it is important to note, isclaimed as the promoter ofdemocracy and toleration InNew England.

THE WHITE ROSE.On May 29th, Restoration

Day, and the 10th June, WhiteRose Day, Mr. Napier, of ('Mag-dala," Essendon, Melbourne, hadhis armourial banner flying allday in honour of those mem?r-able anniversaries. RestoratIonDay marked the happy return ofCharles H. from exile, and thefinal collap3e after an existenceof eleven years of the nightmarerepublic. Round White RoseDay, the anniversary of the birthof the exiled J ames IH., manymcmorated i·n verse. Just onevaried were the efforts of theWhigs to suppress its observanceby the loyal Jacobite part)'. Onthe 10th June, 1714, at .'\uchin-down, in the North of Scotland,there --'as a big gathering tocelebrate the Royal Exile'sbirthday, an event which is com-mmorated in verse. Just oneyear later the effigy of Williamof Orange was burnt at Smith-field. The following year, onWhite Rose Day, guards wereposted in various parts of Lon-don to prevent the wearing ofwhite roses.

The White Rose may well beconsidered an historical flower.About its white petals the annals

THE J A COB I T E.

of two of the most stirringepochs of our history cling-theWars of the Roses and theclaims of the exiled Stuarts tothe throne of their ancestors.In both instances it is the chosenemblem of the elder branch, therightful heirs to the crown.History but ,-epeats itself, andwhen the cause of J ames HI.was upheld by the devoted ad-herents of his Royal House, it islittle to be wondered at that theWhite Rose of York was againthe badge of those who ad-vocated the rights of the exiledPrince.

THE MASSACRE OFGLENCOE.

By the witness on the snow,In the wilds of far Glencoe,By the rnined hearths that lieNaked to the angry sky,

Some there be remember yet,Some there be do not forget.Professor R. S. Rait, doubtless

in his official ·capacity as His-toriographer Royal for Scotland,has been trying to whitewashWilliam of Orange and theWhigs, re the Massacre of theMacdonalds of Glencoe.

Let us quote some remarksfrom this 20th century Whig:-uThe massacre involved a smallnumber of lives, and the wordmass:tcre might be: regarded asan exaggeration. It ",,"ould bewrong to say that all the peopleof Scotland were indignant.These massacres had happenedagain and again in Scottish his-tory. The ma~5.:lCre \-vas reallybrought forward by the J acob-ites, but it took them years towork it up. There was a doubtas to whf'thcr \'Im. of Orangeknew the meaning. of the workextirpate." .

On the principle of "set aWhig to catch a Whig," let usquote from Professor C. W.Thomson :-HAfter a fortnighthad been spent bv the Campbellsin pretended frie~dship, the grimwork of massacre was begun atfour o'clock in the morning.Stair had calculated on the utterannihilation of the Clan.. 'In thewinter, he wrote, 'they cannotcarry their wives, children, andcattle to the mountains. This is

2nd. August, '1924.

the proper time to maul them--in the long dark nights.' It hadbeen arranged that a strongerforce should arrive in time tostop the exit from the glen, butnature had been more mercifulthan man, and a storm delayedthe coming of this further bandof licensed murderers. Thirty-eight persons in all were mas-sacred, but 150 succeeded in es-caping from the glen. Thehouses of the clan were burntdown, and the horses andcattle led away. As the revolt-ing story became known, th ~heart of Scotland was stirredwith indignation. In the High-lands it was no longer possible-for the chiefs to trust the Gov-ernment the seeds of discontentwere sown, which were later tospring to life in the Jacobite,'vars. The attempts to freeWilliam of Orange from allblame have not met with anywide approval, and he must bed.rhis share of the blame."

SOME JACOBITE' VERSE.Dr. John Bryom (1692-1763),

the Manchester Jacobite, thoughthe inventor of a system ofshorthand, and the author of apopular hymn, ". ChristiansAwake," is now chiefly remem-bered for the much quotedlines :-"God bless the King !-God bless the

Faith's defender.God bless-No harm in blessing the

Pretender.Who that Pretender is, and ,...'ho that

King,-God bless us all !-is quite another

thing."

Some rather similar lines wereobviously written sometime be-tween 1824-1837, when Maryof NIodena represented theHouse of Stual-t, and Georgeand William the House of Han-over:-

"Both Law and Logic, knowing whatthey mean,

Oft, when they say the < King,' in-tend a 'Queen,'

Logic and Law we'll both togetherbring,

And mean what THEY mean whilewe drink •The King.'''

Printed by E. H. FISHER, MacarthurStreet, Feilding, N.Z., for the proprie-tor, C. C. Bagnall, Rongotea, Palmers-ton North, N.Z., 2nd August, ·1924.