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qmn J.romnhJ~r'lii clnzJ.rrinnJiiomr rflu#u :

1. Caution:

When the engine is running, keip hands, clothing, and tools away from I the moving fan and engine drive belts. (Removing rings, watches, and ties

, ,

is advisable.)

Right after driving, the engine, radiator and exhaust manifold will be hot, I so be careful not to touch them. Oi1'"iwd fluid may also be hot. Do not

smoke, cause sparks or allow opkn flames around fuel or battery. ;< 6

The fumes are flammable.' i

" * I I

2. Today, supermakets are found in almost every large city in the world.

Bgt the first supermarket was opened o ~ l y fifty years ago. It was opened 1

in New York by a man named Michael Cpllen. - A supermarket is different from other types of stores in several ways. I In supermarkets, goods are placed on open shelves. The customers choose I what they want and take them to the check-out customer. This means that I fewer employers are required than in other stores. G I

F

d mou uduunn~iuds:unn ..................................... : ................ -

' ~ o ~ o t a Corolla, Owner's Manual (Japan : Toyot'a' &tor Corporation, l993), 16s. ( .

3

1

3. He owns a kilt and talks fondly of Scotland. "Both my parents were

doctors when 1 was growing up," said Mechai Viravaidya. "My mother,

Ella, was Scottish and my father, Samak, was Thai.

"They were both doctors, and there used to be a lot of inoculations

during my younger days. They would hurt, so I would charge my parents

for hurting me every time they gave me an injection."

"I used to charge my father Btl00 and my mother Bt150, as she was

more gentle with me. Come to think of it, I should have been a businessman,"

he chuckled.

Mechai was the second among four siblings and -described his family as

an independent one.'

4. When did the first Black beople go to America?

You have probably heard people say that the only true ~mericans were

the Indians, or Native Americans. Everyone else has ancestors who went

there from some other countries,

Black Americans, too, originally went there from other countries. But

what most people do not know is that the first Blacks went to America as

explorers!

'"Mother's Words Spark a Career," Nation Junior Magazine. 1-15 December l Q Q 2 , 17.

They came with the Spanis ch, and the Portuguese, who went

there on voyages of discovery.

There were Black soldiers with ~ a l b o a when he discovered the Pacific

Ocean, and with Cortez when he exploted Mexico.

Africans went to North and CentraI America with the Spanish, French,

and Portuguese explorers.

They went into New Maxico, &fizona, and the Mississippi Valley.

It was a Black man who showed the ~ati ;e '~mericans how to grow wheat.

Later on, Black people went to the New World in a very different way.

They were brought there from Africa as sIaves.

In 16 19, a Dutch vessel brought zo Africans to Jamestown, Virginia. They were

sold by their captain for provisions he needed.

At the time, many white people went to America to work as indentured

servants. This meant that they sold. their labour for a certain length of time.

When white indentured servants stopped coming from Europe, Black slaves

were brought into colonies.

This started in 1688. By 1715 there were over 58,000 Black slaves there.

By 1775, the number had grown to over 500,000.

In 1807, at the request of President Ttiomas Jefferson, Congress voted that

no more slaves should be brought into the country.

Many were brought in against the law. By 1860, the Black population in

the United States was about 44,400,000.

I

The following year, the Civil War broke out and President Abraham Lincoln

finally made slavery illegal in the United states.'

HONG KONG

Distance from airport to town centre: 7 Kilometres (4.5 miles) I Average temperature : March-May 20 C, June-September 25 C, December-

February 15 C.

Clothing : Light clothing, with lightweight suitings between May and November,

and light woolen clothes with medium suitings between December and May.

Duty-free allowance : Liquor-1 quart bottle, cigar-l/2 lb. or cigarettes-200

or other tobacco-112 lb., and personal effects such as clothing, Jewellery,

toiletries, cameras, etc.

Tipping : Tipping is a general practice here. The usual amount is about 10% or

15% of the bill. Tips are also expected on top of the 10% service charge included

in the bills of most hotels and restaurants.

Shopping hints and souvenirs : Best buys are watches, cameras, typewriters

binoculars, record players, transitor radios, ivory chess sets, lacquer goods, wigs

diamonds, jewellery, silk blouses, furniture. Shopping hours are Q a.m.+ p.

daily.

'"When did the First Black People Go to America?" Student Weekly, 17 May 1893, 3 '1

Food : Some popular Chinese Mongolian Hot pot, Shanghainese

Cuisine, Century-old eggs, Peking Duck, Yum Cha or Dim Sum, and

Sharks'fin.

What to see : New Temtories, Victoria Park, Aberdeen, Tiger Balm Gardens,

Fung Ping Shan Museum.

Tours : Numerous sightseeing to ng Kong, Kowloon and the New

Territories are available as well as boat tours of the harbour and Outer Islands.

There is a regular ferry service to the picturesque Portuguese province of Macau

and its gambling casinos. There is no air service to Macau. The Hong Kong Tourist

Association Information Centre is at Star Ferry Teminal, Connought Road, and the

Kowloon Information Centre is at Star Ferry Concourse.'

Q ~ O I J iduuwna~udscinw ...................................................... -

1 *I.C. Richards, Break Through I (Oxford: Oxford University, ~ s s r ) , sa

When You ~pplp for a Job ,

Vacancy (4 = an unfilled position in a company

executive job placement = a company that finds people for

agency (n) executive position

resume (n) = a summary of one's self; an abstract

fee (n) . = money paid for a service

letter of recommendation (n) = .letter written to praise sorneone as

being good for a job

references (n) = pieoes of written information about

&meone's character, ability

personel (n) = the department in a company that

deals with all the people in the,

company. This department takes

care of the people's complaints and

problems and sometimes is in charge

impression (n)

f m a t (n)

erasure (n)

mcmitier (n)

EN;306

of hiring new people.

-- idea of feeling

= the general plan or arrangement of

something

= a place on a piece of paper where

the writing has been erased

= a person who finds people for jobs

interviewee (n) = a person going for an interview,

the person giving the interview is

called "interviewer."

Where do you find out about job vacancies? Look in the newspaper. For *

example, in The Nation, the Gold Pages has a Job Opportunities section wheFe P

positions available in various companies are listed. The Job Bazaar is another

important place for people looking for jobs. In addition, don't forget that you can

apply for a job at any time at large companies.

If you are aiming for a management position, you can apply at executive job

placement agencies. You can find a list of them in the Yellow Pages of the

telephone book. These agencies are hired by a company to find a person to fill a

vacancy for an executive position. If you keep your qualifications and msurne

on file with the agency, you will not be charged a fee for the placement service.

If you apply at a company by yourself, make sure that you bring along your

documents, certificates, letters of recommendation, references and photos. Your P

photos, by the way, should not be more than a year old.

c Most large companies will ask you to fill out an application form when you

f i t apply. Before you begin writing, ask which language you should use on the

form; don't assume that since the company is in Thailand, the fom should be

filled out in Thai.

This application form will be the fmt thing the personel oficer (or the'

person involved in the hiring) will see. If you fill out the form incompletely or

messily, you will give the offi&t-;a bad impression. about you. You should also .

be as accurate and truthful as you can.

If you apply to a company by letter, you should follow d~ format that mod

companies expect. The letter comes in two parts: an introductory let& and a

resume (or curriculum vitae, as it is often called). The introductory letter should

be well-written, with correct grammar and spelling and no erasures. Tell as .

much about yourself as possible: your pemnal goals, experiences, special talents < l A * , G

and why this position interests you. -

The mume gives your name, address (and &ph- number, if possible) m

the upper left-hand side of the paper. It also gives your age, education, and then

qualifcations.

Lit the job positions you have held-the last positian first--and be sure to 1". '

include your title, name of employer, address, length of time you have worked s

there and a description of your duties. I .

The letter and the resume should be typed (if possible) on plain, white, and - 8

unlined paper. $8 i

When you go for an interview, don't forget that how you pnesent yourself to q r , *

a futum employer or job placement recruiter is very important. Look smart; ' $

look clean, nest and tidy. You don't have to be expensively dressed--yau just

have to look as if you know what you are ,,doing. 3 I '

One. point many job interviewees forget is that they should study ,the

qmpany in which they hope to work. Y q dpntt need to know every little &tail

about the company, but you should know, the type of product or service she

company OBIS, the name of the president or general manager, and the locatibn

of the head offrce.

If youtm applying for a specific position, you should be a w m of some other

details too. For example, if you want to be a salesperson, you should have an

idea of who the company's competitors a~e.

Above all, when you go for that interview, you must show 6eIf-cddent. A

neat appearance and a little knowledge about the company will help you. And

m e r stop thinking, "I am good enough for a position in this company."

"as if" is a conjunction to &ow 'the unreal rheaning in adverb clause of

manner, e.g.

1. Present. + as if + past tense (past subjunctive) showing the

unreal condition at present.

She sines as if she were a singer.

You just have to look as if' you what you are doing.

2 Past + as if + past perfect showing the umal condition in the past.

u Whan you apply for a job," The, 19 September 1984, 1.

228 EN 306

A) Answer the following questions.

1. How do you find out about job vacancies?

................................................................................................................................. 2. If you apply for a job by yourself, what will a company ask you to

do first?

3. What are the two parts of the letter of application you have to send

to a company?

................................................................................................................................. 4. What is one point that many job interviewees forget?

5. If you are applying for the position of salesperson (in a company),

what should you know before you go for the interview?

................................................................................................................................. 6. What information should be given in a resume? Tell as much as

you can.

B) Discussion Questions. I . 1. Give your own idea why some application forms can't be filled out

in Thai, though the company is in Thailand?

.................................................................................................................................

2. Discuss "The Job Bazaar" on the following points:

.................................................................................................. 2.1 What is it? I ......................................................................................................................

..................................................................................... 2.2 How useful is it?

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'EN 306

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/

Many p p l e miss Flores

one of Indones beautiful islands

Words You may not Know

ravine (n) = a long deep hollow in the earth's surface

traverse (v) = pass across or through

breathtaking (a&) = very excitedly

majestic (adj) = having dignity and nobility

shroud (v) = cover; enfole hide

lush (adj) = fresh and p n

banyan (4 = an East Indian big tree from whose branches

grow shoots

scuba (n) = equipment worn by divers or breathing under . water

snorkel (n) = a hathing tube extending above the surface

of the water

coral (n) = a hard," stony substance like limestone built

up by small matuxes in the sea

repUte (v) = consider; generally s u p or regard

brsckp~krs (n)

predicament (n)

I

= campers or hikers wearing a backpack

= peqilexing situation; unpleasant condition

virtually (adv) = practically in effect

intervals (n) = a period of time between two events

bum~i(adj) = having a constant up and down motion

winding (adj) 7 that winds or tums

spectcscular (adj) = unusual to a striking degree

encounter (v) = meet face to face; meet unexpectedly

tribesman (n) = a member of a tribe

One l i i in the chain of Indonesia islands that stsetch east of Bali towards \

T i o r and Australia is Flores, a beautiful but forgotten land that few travellers

visit. Most people seem to circle Floms, stopping instead at Bali, Kalimantan

and Timor. Rores is so often simply passed by.

Not many people even know the island exists until they xally study the map

of Indonesia. It has a most un-Indonesian name, one given to it by the 16th

Centwy Portugese explorer, S.M. Cabot. After encountering stretches of flowers

along the coast, he called it Flores, which means "flowers." Ironically, them are

few flowers on Flores except in the jungles. Sailors have always called F lms 1

stone island because of the stony mountains, deep ravines and frequent

landslides.

In the mgion called Nusatenggara, itself a little-known and traversed place

(at least compare to Bali), Flores is one of Indonesia's most bmathtakhgly

beautiful islands. The ,majestic mountains, blue in the distance with peaks

shrouded in mist, shelter deep green valleyer~gard lush tropical jungle thick with

bamboo and spreading banyan trees.

Flores has two types of travellens. One 00me-s to scuba dive and m&l in

the clear coral waters off the western coast, mputed to be among the best in the

world for the kind of sport. The other traveller is the young western backpack,

who wants to climb to the summit to &.e the volcano on Mount Kelimutu.

Getting to Flores can be a bit of a problem, especially if you have never

heard of the island and are not sum where to start. You will frnd many travel

agents in a similar pdicatnent to yourself. Try a map fird, or a travel agent

who Specializes in arranging trips to Indonesia

The best way is to fly to Denpastir, in Bali, from where them m flights to

some of the main towns in Flms, such as Maumere, Ende, Ruteng,

Labuhanbqjo and Kupang, which is on the island of Timor. There am also

flights from Kupang to various towns in Flores.

It is virtually impossible to d m a ticket from Denpasar to

Maumere, unless you book months in advance. Even then, who knows. You

will almost certainly be told the flight is fully booked. Agents say they never

get prompt replies to their telexes.

It's better to go to Denpasar and simply take your chance. Most of the time .

you may find that the flight you were told was fully booked is half-empty.

You can also reach Flores by boat fkom Sape, on Sumbawa. Fenies usually

dock at Labuhanbajo, on the western tip of Flores, after also making a stop at the

island, of Komodo. There are also cargo ships that s,tq at this port at regular \

intervals, p b Reo, Borong, Ende and Maurnere.

One of the best way to see Flow is by road, although it must be pointed out

that the mountain roads are in truly bad shape. This makes 'travel slow, bumpy,

winding and dangerous in bad weather. There are 100-foot drops off narrow

roads and you can often fmd yourself worrying about whether the driver is tired

and whether the bridges will hold the weight of the vehicle.

However, the driver afford spectacular views of the countryside. You will

also encounter hill tribesmen on the way to market and you can stop at small

villages that you would otherwise miss if you were flying.

a nsns.iun13duud 3

Answer the following questions.

1. why is Flores called "Forgotten Island"?

.................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................. 2. What is the Indonesian name for Flores?

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

I

I

3. Name two kinds of travellers. Why do they visit Flores?

.................................................................................................................................

................................................................................ L................................L.............. r

4. Why did the author say that getting to Flores can be a bit of problem?

Explain.

6. Which is the best way for you to gd to Flores? Explain.

.................................................................................................................................

JWJI

Where To Stay

Words You may not Know

budget (n) = the amount of money; a plan adjusting expenses

pit = an enclosed m a ; the worst place I ,

establishment (n) = a thing established

off-peak season (n) = out of season; a period of time with few tourists

chaletlike (n) = any house or cottage in the chalet style . stilt (n) = a long post used to hold a building

decent (adj) = monably good; adequate

whip up (v) = to roue; excite

testimony (n) = any form of evidence, indication

omm mod at ion (n) = lodgings; room and board

locals (n) I = people in the district

tariff (n) = any list or scale of prices

opt for (v) = to make a choice

pictuesque (adj) = having a wild or natural beauty

primitive (adj) = belonging to the earliest time; old-fashioned

Where you stay =ally depends on what sort of traveller you are and the

value of your budget. But one thing is bcertain--you do not really have a big

choice. It is choice between the pits or something less than a tree-star hotel.

There are no fivestar establishments. The best hotel in Maumere is the Sea

World Club, which charges less than you would expect to pay in major Asian

cities, but at US$50 is nontheless expensive by standard in Flores. This is the

hotel at which scuba divers stay when they arrive in summer. If you travel

during the off-peak season, you may find you ate the only person staying there.

It is a beautiful development: chaletlike bungalows on stilts set amid

junglelike atea w k , at night, you can hear the call of bids and animals. the^

is also a swimming pool and a westemstyle restaurant where you can get a

decent cup of coffee and food other than the heavy coconutlaced padang variety

and which you rn bound to the of after a few days. When there am a few

guests, the cook might even whip up something you fancy.

However, don't expect five-star comforts. There is no running water until

you ask for it to be turned on. Thexe is hot water tap, but no hot water. If you

ask for hot water, it comes in buckets. You may even have to sharr: the

bathroom with a couple of spiders or beetles, but the bed sheets are clean--

testimony to the hotel's general cleanliness.

Elsewhexe, you take big chams on accommodation, what the/ locals consider

a good, clean hotel leaves a lot to be desired by most standards. Downmarket a

bit, there are hotels with tariffs in the region of $10 or $15, and some that have

- an even cheaper rate.

Some backpackers opt for the "homestays" w k h can be found along the

road to Kelimutu volcano. Most of them are in Moni, a small, pichuesque 4

farming town. The homestays are reasonably clean but primitive.

Read the following statements and write T (for true) or F (false) in front

of each item, according to the passage you read.

............ I. Tourists have many choices to choose where to stay on Flores.

............ 2. The quality of hotels you choose to stay depends on the amount of

money you have.

............ 3. You may choose from the pits to the five-star hotels.

............ 4. Sea World Club is a five-star hotel in Maumere.

............ 6. In major Asian cities, the hotel rate is less expensive than in Maumere.

............ 6.Off-peak season is the time you will see many tourists.

............ 7. The hotel at which scuba divers stay is the Sea World Club.

............ 8. If you have US$50, you can stay in the Sea World Club. \

.......... :. 9. Scuba divers usually come to Flores in summer.

.......... lo. Off-peak season is the summer time.

Words You may not Know ( Food & Facts)

hovel (n) = any small dwelling ; hut

tough (4~) = rough; aggxessive; bad

formica (n) = heat-resistant plastic used for table tops

diner (n) = a small mtaurant; a person who eats

stocky * heavily built; having a strong, often thick stem

legion (n) = a large group of people

scowl (v) = look in a bad-tempered way

clan (n) = a family; a group of people

wake-up call (n) = a service to wake somebody up

stash cv) = to put or hide away (a plce for hiding)

craggy (adj) = steep and rugged

huch (n) = a small bag or sack fastened to the belt; a purse

FOOD

One of the main problems on Flora is finding a decent place to eat, The

water is undrinkable, and the food in the e t s is too suspect to try. Many

wall eating places am little morc thb hovels, often crowded with tough types

who look as if they are waiting for some action. It's wise to stick to the better

places . . . if you can fmd them. Everyone-the taxi driver, the hotel people, the

guide book--said the Surya Indian was the best restaurant in town.

Right in the heart of Maumere, this Festaurant sells Indonesia padang food.

In fact, there are two restaurants by the same name along the same street. The

f a is appazlently so successful that the other opens. The first looks better than

the m d , with new, white plastic chairs (almost fashionable). The second is

upmarket restaurant. It resembles a small cantem, with fomica tabletops, steel

chairs with d plastic seats, flounw&nt lights and folded p e n and pink table

napkins. But it looks clean. '

The= arc a handful of other diners, mostly local men. The food is displayed

in the window and the diner selects h i s h r dish. The service is fast and the food

arrives piled high on one arm of a cheerful yet rather curious waiter. The order

includes beef rendang, squid curry, barbecued chicken, fiied p n vegetables

and white rice.

It is said that the avocado, while not having the same taste as those 'sold in

the supermarkets of Asia, is quite nice.

FACTS

In the 14th Century, F l o ~ s was part of h m i g h t y Majapahit Empire. The

Portugese came in the 16th Century on their way to the Spice Islands. Later,

Gowanese Muslim, from Celebes, invaded the island and, in the 19th Century,

the Dutch colonialists arrived. It was only in 1936 that civil rule was

established.

The people on Flores are a real mix, Many lwk almost Papuan with thick

curly, brownish hair, dark brown skin, flat wide noses and stocky bodies. In the

west of the island, they are mo= of Malay-hdonesian stock, while those in the

east, where the Portugese influence is strong, reflect some Portugese features.

Don't show an lnterest in anything unless you =ally intend to buy. A

mem question might find you surrounded by legions of people waiting to offer

other services. And you will find it bard to say 'no!

Do not drink the local water. Stick to bottled drinks or water. And

choose the best hote.1 at which to sleep and the best restziurant at which to eat.

Ask the bemo drivers. You won't be taken to the maharajah's palace, but a

clean place that isn't too expensive.

The hill tribes, which exist mostly by fanning, fishing and hunting, generally

practice slash and bum agriculture and the harvest 'is never enough to last the

whole year.

These hill people can be defensively hostile. They do not smile a lot. While

some, love to have their pictures taken, othem scowl. A 1,000 rupiah note

usually works wonders.

The people of Flores are often said to fight among themselves. However,

the crime rate in the towns is low. Stealing, in particular, is almost non-existent

because if a thief is caught, the whole tribe, clan or town will come after not

only him, but his family.

The only semi-modem hotel in Flores, the sea World Club, is off the

western coast and it appears to be slight geated up to foreign visitors. But, even

hem, thee me no phones, no hot water, no wake-up calls.

Take lots of rupiahs. There rn few banks to change money, even in the

towns, and most places will not accept credit cards. Those that a p only '

accept a limited amount. If you plan to buy antique ikats you need cash and a

big wallet to stash bulky rupiahs.

Forget about fashionable heels. Wear snealcers or good climbing shoes,

and lighweight clothes because of the intense and humid conditions. You need a

jacket when the tempera- drops in the hills. Even if you travel by jeep, you

may have to scale a few small craggy d a c e to enter mountain villages. It is

best to keep your money in pouches.

Discussion Questions.

1. What 'would you suggest to your friends about food and water when

they are staying at Flores?

I * Ann Peter, "Fogotten Island," Asis Magazine, 6-10 March la9 I, 31-39

1 2. According to the facts, how could you prevent yourself from being . I unintentionally surrounded by local people while you were looking at

local products?

.................................................................................................................................

3. Why did the author say that stealing rarely occurs on the island?

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

4. If you want to buy "antique ikats," can you pay by cheque? Why?

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

5. Concerning the weather there, should you bring an overcoat with you?

Explain.

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Customs Vary with Cultures

The following selection is chapter taken from a book called Living in ihc U.S.A.

by Alison Raymond Lanier, author and let-r on social change and behavior.

Judging fmm the book and chapter titles, what purpose do you think the author

had in writing this book? For what audience do you think she wrote it? When

you think of the word customs, what comes to your mind? Have you encountered

some American customs that have surprised you? Perhaps you will find an

explanation for them in this selection.

Customs Vary with Cultures

Many American customs will surprise you; the same thing happens to us

when we visit another country. People living in varied cultures handle many

small daily things differently. What a dull world it would be if this were not

true!

5 Some di&mnces are minor, and one onen becomes accustomed to them.

At fuS, for example, some foreign women may be startled at having their

hair cut and styled by men. -Visitors may be amazed to see men wearing

wigs. People {may find .the transitory quality of much American life odd-the

fact, for example, that one can rent art by the week or the entire furnishings

10 of an apartment, from sofa and beds to the last spoon, on less than eight

hours' notice. "Packaged" living is part of today's American scene.

I

The constant restless motion of Americans may be starting at

first. People in the flat Middle W& tHink nothing of driving seventy- I

five to a hundred miles just to have dinner with a friend; they go to a

15 far-off city for an evening of thiater or music or even a movie.

Countless young people select a college thousands of miles away f b m

familie8 "just a = another part d'he country." Barely in their btnq

they go off in droves to ace what li&~beyold

Our Lack of Knowledge A b u t Other Lands

You may come upon Americans who lack howledge about your

camtry. If so, be patient with ihem. Unfmhmtely, we do not teach

enough about other cultures, cum;, or even geography in om schoo~s

we have always been so insulated by ocxcm~ that we crrle not w y

exposed to diffixmt culturrts and other ways of doing things. If

25 Americans crudely try to help you with something that has long beea

totally familiar to you, if they comment on your good En@& when

you have spoken it all your lifk, if they confk your COUTWY with

another thousands of miles away, be patient. This huge contiamt has

been developed fiom virgin land ido the modtrn dynamo that it is

,30 now in a markably short time - about hundred years. We have

been absorbed with our own gmn@q with road building, city building,

ree education formillions of cbildrm, the assimilation of countless

strangers; with the inventions, discoveries, and &velupments that our

science catd technology haw contributed to th world Our attention

35 has been inward, not global, through most of these three hundFed years.

A"worldWsense has come to the United States only sime the end of

World WarII. Regrettably, most of us are still quite unfamiliar and

uninformed in regard to other lands.

4 n~nxwnxGura$ a

A) Tell which of the following statements about Americans are true and

which are false. Correct the false statements to make them true.

i

1. Americans often drive long distance to go to a play or a movie.

2. Americans frequently send their children to colleges far away from home.

I

3. Americans can rent some paintings and furniture to decorate their houses.

4. Americans, especially men, sometimes work as a hairdresser.

5. Americans study much about geography and other cultures in high school.

1. What does "the last spoon" mean?

2. How is "p~ckaged living" in America?

3. What does "Americau ~ ~ r r e " mean?

Doing Your Own Thing

40 Because our people have come from so many nationalities, there

is a far wider range of what is "acceptablef' than in some countries

where the inhabitants have grown up with a cammon heritage. As a

result, no one needs to feel uncomfortable in following his or her

customs. Although Americans are not noticeably infarmat, if you

45 pmfer somewhat gnxt formality, feel frtlee to act in your own way. This

will be accephble to those around you. As the young say, each

person can "do his own thing" and be respected here to a very large

extent.

Personal Questions

50 Conversational questions may seem to you both too personal a d

too numerous--especially when you frrst arrive. "where do you

work?'' "Are you married?,, "How many children do you have?" "Have . 1-

you taken your vacation yet?" arc not personal questions by American I

I f ' / standards. They atle a for qnmon ground on which to build a

55 relationship or base a conversation. Understand that such questions

are meant to be friendly; the questioner is intemsted in you; he or she

is not prying or being impertinent, or at least not deliberately so.

--

If you are asked questions that seem to you to be too ptsonal,

you need not answer them. You can simply smile or say pleasantly

60 that you "do not know" or "In my country that would be a fuxmy

question," or turn the questions gently aside by some comment such hs

''Isn't it iq temhg to see how diffmnt nationalitiw begin a

conversation?" or something similar. If you do that, follow it quickly

with another topic, or make same comment of yoiu own Ion variatione

65 in customs, or lead the conversation off in some other dkction. The

American will not be offended, but he or she will get the pint.

a ' nenzsor mzdaori 7

Answer the following questions.

1. Do Americans have a strong common heritage? Why or why not?

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

2. How do Americans feel whes they ask personal questions to strangers?

1 3. What does the passage tell you to do when you are asked personal I questions?

.................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................. \

\

Meeting People

The whole matter of narnes is a "cultw ahock" to many

people. Americans have a minimum feeling for "rank," especially

70 socially. Most do not the-lves enjoy being breated with special

mspect for age or position; it makes them uncomfortable. Many

Americans find even the tenns "Mr.," "Mns.," or "Ms." stiff and

formal. You hear people well beyond middle age say-even to

quite young people-"Just call me Sally (or Henry or Don)."

75 Being on fmt-name terms is taken hs a sign of acctptanct and

hdl incss . However, this need not bother you.

If you are not comfortable in following the boss's immediate

request to "Call me Anhw," it is quite all right. Just smile and

say "After a while perhaps, but thank you anyway" (meaning, for

80 feeling that kindly!).

What we do use, however, ae occupational titles. These

are conside~ed to be diffeknt, denoting a kgn i t ion that has b a n

earned-, not merely inherited. Occupations that most frequently

carry titles include: diplomats, members of the Senate (or certain

85 other top govemment posts), judges of the courts, military offioers

above a certain ra& medical doctors, ranking profbsom, prW,

rabbis, and some Protestant clergy. Example would be: Ambassador

Jones, Senator Smith, Govemor Rockcfiller, fudge Harky, Gerreral

aark, Doctor Brown (medical), Doctor Gtten PhD.), Father

90 White, Rabbi Cohen, Doctor (Bishop, Rcvmrend) Gray.

Blunt Speech

Bccausc we Americans come h varied ,backgrounds,

m h y of us lack full social graces and have remarkably small

vocabularies. Don't think we are being rude if we tend to speak in

monosyllables or answer with a mem "O.K.," "SUE," or 'Nope," or i

grcet you with "Hi." Chrr b v i t y is not a personal insult, though to

those accustomed to gracious phrases we are (and will seem) blunt. \

How much more courteous it is ta use the Japanese phrase "Ossore

irimashital'--'l am overpswt@d with admiration1'-in a &hop, for

example, than just to say "Too expensive" and turn away. Both

make it clear that since the price is too high the speaker is not

going to buy, but the Japanese way is undoubtedly mom p i o u s !

Sllence

Many Americans fmd silence amcomfortable: Thcy will

babble on to fill any quiebness, if it extends for mom than a

moment. Students often study with theis radios blaring; housewives (

leave televisions on for the "companianship" q sound even though

they may be working in some other room. If you axe silent for

long periods, they will do their best to "draw you out" or will ask

if you fecl all right or if W is anything they can do to help you.

OIle agpect of silcnce can be CM$Using, however; if Americans

diwgme with what you are saying, many of them will mmain

quiet. This may not indicate1 agrtement; often it only meam that

1

they consider it impolite to a r p kthr.

Msan Raymoad Lanier

,

e d n0n~auni~Geruw 13

A. Write T if the following statements are true and F if they are false

according to the article.

........... 1. Americans always call people with "Mr.," or "Ms." infront their

names.

........... 2. Americans often call people by their first names as soon as they

meet.

........... 3. Americans are more informal than people from many other

I countries. I I ........... 4. Americans consider silence an important part of one's life I

B. Discussion Questions

Discuss tht following situations about foreign students studying at

Amcricaa universities. h i & what each student should do . on A

RsrtFee enters the beauty parlor to get a hahut. A man comes to

wash and cut her hair. This makes her uacomfmb1e because she prefers

to have a woman fu her hair. She doesn't know if she should be silent,

say 80rncthhg or walk out.

At a b, Nita meets tbt pmfkmmr sh~ will work with in tbt

labaratory. He is very friendly and tells ber to d l him "Bob." She fecls

cod iud Sbe doesn't know if he means ahc should always call him by

his fvst name or only at certain thes.

i. Y 4 q d m r t n m a Caatoms Vary WMI Cultures

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mr~#di~f i ldud~~~~~~a~niw'uinn~i tsu 268 EN 306

Are Men More Creative than Women?

Throughout history it has been men, for the most part, who have

engaged in public life. Men have sought public achievement and

mgnition, while women have obtained their main *sfactions by

bearing and maring children. In women's eyes, public achievement makes

a man mom attractive as a marriage partner. But for men the situation is

reversed. The mare a woman achieves publicly, the less desirable she

seems as a wife.

Them are three possible positions one can take about male and

female cmativity. The fw is that males are inherently .mom creative in

all fields. The second is that if it wem not for the water appeal of

orcating and cherishing young human beings, females would be as creative

as males. If this were the cue, then if men wen 'permitted the enjoyment

women have always had in maring young children, male creativity might

be d u c e d also. (Them is some indication in the United Staks today that

this is so.) The third possible position is that certain forms of mt iv i ty

am mom congenial to one sex than to the other and that the p a t creative

a actswill h f m come from only one sex in a given field.

Margaret Mead

Selections frorn Some Pcwnsll Views, 1979 270 EN 306 .::':

*

wcr the follo-.

1. What connection does Margafiet Wead make between marriage

and public achievement? Do you agree?

2. What thee possible positions regarding male and female mativity

does Mead suggest? Are them other possible explanations? What

positon do you think is corrrect? Why?

3. What women can you think of who have been famous for their

creativity?

4. What fields can you think of that are dominated almost completely

by one sex? Can you think of reasons for this?

it is harder far warnen to excel in science, busincas,

art, or politics nowadays, or dd they have the sasm: Oppmtdtics as

men? Does this vary f h m one c u b to anobf? Explain.