A 16 year old healthy patient has good oral hygiene with minimal plaque and calculus, but severe interproximal attachment loss affecting the first molars and incisors. The most likely diagnosis is localized chronic gingivitis. acute gingivitis. aggressive periodontitis. chronic periodontitis A sign of gingivitis is bone loss. progressive attachment loss. the presence of minimal attached gingiva. bleeding on probing Postoperative sensitivity associated with the placement of direct posterior composite resin restorations is most often the result of polymerization shrinkage. large particle size of macrofilled composite resins. inadequate etching of the dentin. excessive thickness of a glass ionomer base Abnormal development of the first pharyngeal arch could result in defects in the zygomatic bones and external ears. mandible and external nose. maxilla and muscles of facial expression. palate and hyoid bone During dental treatment, a 45 year old male patient complains of a tight constriction of his chest, becomes pale and sweaty, feels nauseous and attempts to vomit. The most likely diagnosis is pulmonary embolus. stroke. pneumonia. myocardial infarction. Moistened dentin is prefrerred over dry dentin prior to the application of dentin bonding agents because curing time is reduced. the collagen matrix is maintained. the smear layer is removed by the application of water. enamel bonding is improved. Which of the following will result in splitting of developing roots? Epithelial diaphragm forms too many lateromedial extensions. Dental follicle cells migrate into the epithelial diaphragm. Cementoblasts fail to develop on and stabilize the roots surface. Periodontal ligament forms too soon. In adult orthodontics, slow progress in molar uprighting is most likely due to chronic periodontitis. heavy forces applied. lack of anchorage control. occlusal interference. Each of the following is a side effect of prolonged tetracycline hydrochloride therapy EXCEPT superinfection. photosensitivity. vestibular disturbances. discoloration of newly forming teeth.

gastrointestinal symptoms (when administered orally) A 4 year old child presents for an emergency examination. The mother is concerned about white patches on the childs tongue. The child has no pain, eats and drinks normally and has a history of repeated use of amoxicillin for otitis media. What is the most likely diagnosis? Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Geographic tongue. Candidiasis. Hairy tongue. A periodontal probe should be inserted into the sulcus parallel to the vertical axis of the tooth. and angled away from interproximal contacts. with a firm pushing motion. with a firm lateral motion. A 10 year old patient with a lateral functional shift due to a maxillary bilateral posterior crossbite should not be treated until growth is complete. should be diagnosed in the functional shift position. requires mandibular arch expansion. has a centric occlusion-centric relation (CO-CR) shift caused by occlusal interferences Which of the following drugs has the strongest antisialagogue properties? Codeine. Atropine. Acetylsalicylic acid. Ibuprofen. Penicillin Titanium implants in the oral cavity are CONTRAINDICATED for patients who are over age 75. are on thyroid replacement therapy. have a terminal disease. have diabetes mellitus (controlled) Which of the following is the most useful test for the diagnosis of a cracked tooth? Biting test. Visual examination. Radiographic examination. Electric pulp test. Interceptive orthodontic treatment for a skeletal Class II malocclusion due to a retrognathic mandible should occur at age 6 8 years for maximum effect. involve a reverse pull headgear. start just prior to the maximum growth rate of the pubertal growth spurt. involve surgical advancement A fracture through the angle of the mandible may result in an upward displacement of the proximal fragment. Which of the following groups of muscles produce this movement? Digastric and geniohyoid. Masseter, digastric and lateral pterygoid. Masseter, temporal and lateral pterygoid. Masseter, temporal and medial pterygoid A patient is hit in the right eye with a baseball. Which of the following would indicate a right orbital floor fracture? Right periorbital edema. Right periorbital ecchymosis. Limited upward movement of the right eye.

Premature occlusal contact on the maxillary right Crusted hemorrhagic and ulcerative lesions of the lips in a patient with target-like skin lesions are typical of lupus erythematosus. Reiters syndrome. Behets syndrome. erythema multiforme. pemphigus vulgaris. Five minutes after injecting a local anesthetic, a patient experiences a generalized warmth of the face, mouth and upper chest. What is the most likely cause? Increased blood pressure Anaphylactic reaction Nervousness Vagal shock Propylthiouracil is a drug used in the treatment of leukemia. hyperthyroidism. sodium retention. intestinal parasites. allergic manifestations. The most important advantage of using reinforced zinc-oxide eugenol cement as a temporary restoration is that it stimulates dentin repair. occludes dentinal tubules. desensitizes the pulp. chelates to tooth structure Which of the following statements concerning the airway is correct? Sympathetic fibres constrict the bronchioles. The trachea is membranous posteriorly to accommodate the pulsations of the aorta. The right primary bronchus forms two secondary bronchi. An aspirated foreign body would likely fall into the right primary bronchus. Gingival response to plaque microorganisms in elderly patients is exaggerated due to an altered host immune response. exaggerated due to a change in the type of infecting microorganisms. the same in all ages. decreased due to an altered host immune response Untreated diabetes mellitus characteristically demonstrates hypoglycemia. hyperglycemia. hypophagia. hyperlipidemia. dysuria. In comparison to gold alloys, base metal alloy removable partial denture frameworks can be made more corrosion resistant. lighter. more ductile. with greater casting accuracy Local anesthetic containing epinephrine is CONTRAINDICATED for a patient with Addisons disease. congenital methemoglobinemia. diabetes mellitus. pseudocholinesterase deficiency.

sulfite sensitivity. Excessive flare of the distobuccal cavosurface margin of a Class II amalgam cavity preparation will result in unsupported enamel at the margin. weak amalgam at the margin. poor retention. poor esthetics. The best way for a dentist to ensure efficacy in a disinfection solution is to make a fresh solution every day. follow the manufacturers instructions. increase the concentration of the product. increase the time of contact with the product. In an ideal Class I occlusion, the cusp of which mandibular tooth is in contact with the central fossa of the maxillary second molar? Mesiobuccal cusp of the first molar. Distobuccal cusp of the first molar. Mesiobuccal cusp of the second molar. Distobuccal cusp of the second molar. Amphetamines increase mental alertness and decrease fatigue. have analgestic properties. have no effect on psychomotor activity. are useful in controlling arrhythmias. The terminal plane relationship of primary second molars determines the arch length between permanent second molars. future anteroposterior positions of permanent first molars. vertical dimension of the mandible upon eruption of permanent first molars. amount of leeway space that is available for permanent premolars and canines Which form of hepatitis does NOT have a known carrier state? Hepatitis A. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C. Hepatitis D. Methyl methacrylate resins will perform better than composite resins for long span, temporary bridges because of superior hardness. fracture toughness. wear resistance. dimensional stability In the formulation of composite resins decreasing filler content increases the modulus of elasticity. increasing filler content decreases polymerization shrinkage. increasing filler content increases the degree of conversion. decreasing filler content increases radiopacity of the restoration. Which of the following processes is NOT active in causing tooth eruption? Growth of the dentin. Growth of the root. Growth of the enamel.

Pressure from periapical tissue. Oral nitrate is used to treat the symptoms of hypertension. angina. arrhythmia. tachycardia. Facial paralysis following an inferior alveolar nerve block is a result of injecting the solution too far inferiorly. superiorly. posteriorly. anteriorly. Resective osseous surgery is best suited for periodontal sites with severe attachment loss. severe intrabony defects. teeth with short roots. early to moderate bone loss. Ludwigs angina initially involves a massive infection of the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces. submandibular and sublingual regions. buccal superficial fascial and canine spaces. maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. Direct pulp capping of permanent teeth in children under the age of 12 years is most likely to be successful for teeth that are symptomatic. necrotic pulps. teeth with open apices. pulp exposures 3-5mm in size The condyle of the mandible is unique because it develops from Meckel\'s cartilage. both interstitial and appositional bone formation are present. both primary and secondary cartilage growth centres are present Tooth 1.1 has a small fractured mesioincisal corner into dentin. Which of the following is true with respect to the preparation for the restoration? Pins are usually necessary to achieve adequate retention. A lingual dovetail is usually required for retention. An enamel bevel of 1mm is placed where enamel thickness allows. Dentin coves are the primary form of retention for the restoration. Which of the following fibre groups are attached to bone? Apical. Interradicular. Transseptal. Circular. Which of the following statements is true? A major percentage of radiographically detected proximal radioluccencies in enamel are cavitated. Caries progression through enamel can take as long as 6 to 8 years. Caries progression can only be arrested in enamel. Arrested carious lesions in enamel are softer than intact enamel.

In drug synergism, a drug acts in conjunction with another drug beneficially. accumulates in the body at a faster rate than it is destroyed or removed. is concentrated in the kidneys. produces active metabolites. Adrenal corticosteroids increase heart rate. cause vasodilation. increase protein synthesis. reduce inflammation. Coxsackie A virus is the etiologic agent in papilloma. herpangina. verruca vulgaris. condyloma accunimatum. All afferent impulses from the pulp result in the sensation of heat. pain. proprioception. cold. When performing a frenectomy, a minimal amount of anesthetic solution is used to prevent distortion of the tissues. sloughing. secondary bleeding. irritation. Which of the following is LEAST likely to cause sedation? Benzodiazepines. Barbiturates. Meperidine. NSAIDs. Which of the following drugs are classic antagonists for curare over-dosage? Anticholinesterases. Ganglionic stimulants. Ganglionic blocking agents. Alpha adrenergic blocking agents. Beta adrenergic blocking agents. A silane coupling agent is used to control polymerization shrinkage in composite resins. enhance the bond between a porcelain veneer and the resin cement. reduce the surface tension when investing a wax pattern. facilitate the soldering of gold castings. Which of the following impression materials is the LEAST flexible when set? Polyvinyl siloxane. Condensing silicone. Polyether.

Polysulfide Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for periodontitis? Smoking. Poorly controlled diabetes. Coronary heart disease. Poor oral hygiene. Pain upon vertical percussion on the incisal edge of an anterior tooth may indicate the possible presence of chronic pulpitis. hyperemia. necrosis. periradicular periodontitis. Which of the following may be associated with a fracture of the mandible? Diplopia. Malocclusion. Swelling of the orbit. Bleeding from the nose. From Type I to Type IV gold alloys there is an increase in gold content. no change in the gold content. a reduction in gold content. a reduction in platinum content. A patient with new complete dentures complains of a burning sensation in the palate. The most likely area requiring relief is at the frenum. post dam. incisive foramen. foveae palatinae. For acute dental pain, the daily maximum cumulative dose of acetaminophen is 2400 mg 3200 mg 3600 mg 4000 mg In general anaesthesia, the last part of the CNS (Central Nervous System) to be depressed is the medulla. cerebrum. midbrain. cerebellum. spinal cord. In designing a removable partial denture, the location of clasps is determined on a master cast after tooth preparations are completed. a surveyed diagnostic cast prior to preparation of occlusal rest areas. the refractory cast. Naloxone reverses respiratory depression caused by Meperidine. Opiod. lorazepam.benzodiazepine alcohol. phenobarbital.barbiturate

In complete denture contruction, the physiologic rest position provides a quide to establish the vertical dimension of occlusion. determines the level of the occlusal plane. provides a guide for the selection of cusp inclination. determines the shape of the compensating curve. is useful to the determination of condylar inclination. The most important factor in stainless steel crown retention in a primary tooth is the preservation of the coronal bulge. maintenance of parallelism. placement of accessory grooves. insertion of retentive pins. Which of the following applies to gutta-percha? It can be thermoplasticized. It is a good thermal conductor. It can be inserted easily into fine canals. It is soluble in periapical exudate. The periodontal ligament is constantly remodeled due to the activity of osteoclasts. fibroblasts. macrophages. mesenchymal cells. Which of the following is the most important preventive therapy for an 8 year old living in a nonfluoridated community, with closed contacts in the posterior quadrants and disto-occlusal restorations on all primary first molars? Daily fluoride tablets. Fluoride varnish at 2 month intervals. Daily 0.05% NaF rinses. Twice daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste. Osteoporosis is linked to low estrogen levels. high testosterone levels. low androgen levels. high progesterones levels Inflammation involving the bone marrow of the jaw caused by infection from a tooth or the periodontium is called osteoma. periostitis. osteomyelitis. osteosclerosis. pericementitis. After a tooth surface has been completely cleaned, the new glycoprotein coating which forms on the surface is called pellicle. plaque. materia alba. biofilm. Which drug is indicated for the management of an acute asthmatic attack Flucticasone (Flonase ) Salbutamol.

Triamcinolone. Budesonide. The principal purpose of amalgam trituration is to coat the alloy particles with mercury. dissolve all the alloy particles in the mercury. reduce the size of the crystals as rapidly as they form. reduce mercury content of the restoration. The diagnostic information for a 10 year old patient with a mildly prognathic mandible, 0mm overjet and 0mm overbite should include photographs, cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. family history, photographs, cephalometric and panoramic radiographs. family history, photographs, cephalometric, panoramic and periapical radiographs. photographs, cephalometric, panoramic and periapical radiographs. In a normally developing occlusion, spaces between primary incisors are called physiological spaces. primate spaces. leeway spaces. freeway spaces. All of the following are parts of the temporal bone EXCEPT the mastoid. hamulus. tympanic. zygomatic. Anaphylactic reactions to penicillin do NOT occur in patients with a negative skin test to penicillin allergy. within minutes after drug administration. in patients who have already experienced an allergic reaction to the drug. when the drug is administered parenterally. Tooth 3.6 had endodontic treatment completed 10 years ago. It is asymptomatic but a periapical radiograph reveals a 5mm radiolucency associated with the distal root apex. The surrounding soft tissues are within normal limits. The most likely diagnosis for tooth 3.6 is a/an acute periradicular periodontitis. acute periradicular abscess. chronic periradicular periodontitis. chronic suppurative periradicular periodontitits. The primary objective of periodontal flap surgery in the treatment of periodontitis is to remove granulation tissue. provide access for root debridement. add bone support. correct gingival architecture. A 50 year old man, who is a heavy smoker, has developed a barrel chest, has difficulty breathing and has a bluish tinge to his complexion. The most likely diagnosis is emphysema. acute upper respiratory infection. primary cancer of the lung. cardiac insufficiency.

Which of the following is an indication for a pulpotomy on a primary tooth? Radiographic evidence of internal root resorption. Involvement of interradicular bone with no fistula. Involvement of interradicular bone with a fistula. Signs and symptoms of pulpitis. Which of the following diseases may cause an enlargement of the jaws, development of diastemas and/or a poorly fitting denture? Phantom bone disease. Rickets. Pagets disease. Osteoporosis. Hypophosphatasia. Fixed orthodontic appliances provide the following benefit over removable appliances in 3-dimensional control of tooth movement. improved oral hygiene. intermittent force application. the ability to apply lower force levels to the teeth. Acetylsalicylic acid has a more profound effect on bleeding than ibuprofen because acetylsalicylic acid is absorbed more slowly. dissociates from plasma proteins more rapidly. binds irreversibly to platelet cyclooxygenase. modifies two sites on thrombin. antagonizes vitamin K. Lymphatic spread from a carcinoma on the tip of the tongue would initially involve which nodes? Submandibular. Submental. Deep parotid. Mastoid. Jugulo-omohyoid. To initiate caries, bacterial plaque pH must reach 5.4. 5.9. 6.4. 6.9. Voids on a dental cast could be caused by the high surface tension of a silicone impression material. surface tension of an irreversible hydrocolloid. wettability of the dental stone. wettability of the impression material. What should be the immediate management of an acute anginal episode? Oral ibuprofen. Sublingual nitroglycerin. Subcutaneous epinephrine. Inhaled salbutamol. Which of the following is NOT commonly used by general dentists to treat temporomandibular disorders and bruxism? Hard acrylic splints. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Corticosteroids. Muscle relaxants. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis most frequently occurs before age 10. between l0 and 20 years of age. between 20 and 30 years of age. after age 30. Which of the following is a sign of a severe toxic reaction to ketoconazole? Jaundice. Hypertension. Xerostomia. Salivary gland swelling. Renal failure. A patient complains of sensitivity following placement of a conservative posterior composite resin restoration. The most probable cause is acid etching. polymerization shrinkage. unpolymerized resin. prolonged application of the curing light. inadequate base thickness. When odontoblasts are destroyed as a result of cavity preparation adjacent fibroblasts differentiate into new odontoblasts. a permanent defect results in the odontoblast layer. surrounding odontoblasts are stimulated to divide. new cells differentiate from pulpal mesenchyme cells. When compared to permanent teeth, primary teeth have a greater thickness of enamel. a greater thickness of dentin. more prominent cervical constriction. pulps which are smaller in relation to crown size. Which of the following teeth is most likely to have two roots and two canals? Maxillary second premolar. Mandibular second premolar. Maxillary first premolar. Mandibular first premolar. A 2cm, discrete, white lesion of the buccal mucosa has not resolved after elimination of all local irritants. The most appropriate management would be to cauterize it. apply toluidine blue staining. perform an incisional biopsy. re-examine at 6 month intervals. refer patient to family physician. Healing of extraction wounds is sometimes complicated by a condition known as a \"dry socket\". In this condition no fibrin is formed. routine use of antibiotics is advised as a prophylactic measure. a focal osteomyelitis exists in which the clot has disintegrated. healing is painful but not delayed.

The most efficient cutting instrument used in the root canal is a barbed broach. reamer. k-type file Hedstrom file. The most appropriate treatment for a permanent molar with occlusal caries confined to enamel is a/an amalgam. composite resin. flouride varnish application. preventive resin restoration. Which of the following statements is true regarding endodontically treated teeth? These teeth are more brittle than teeth with vital pulps due to desiccation. Fracture of these teeth are usually due to loss of coronal tooth structure. These teeth require full coverage to prevent fracture. A post provides strength for these teeth.