Classification – notes Name: __________________

A. What is__________________________________?1. Grouping things in a logical manner- similar things grouped together

B. Why Classify?1. B/c scientists need an _____________________ system to study the approximate 2.5 million

known organisms2. So that ____________________________________ can use the same terminology for the same

species.C. How are living things classified?

1. Biologists use ___________________________- science of classifying and giving a scientific name to organisms.a. ____________________________________- two word naming system. Each species name

has two parts: ______________ name and ____________________ name, usually based on Latin or Greek; ex- dogs belong to species Canis familiaris .

D. Who started all this?• _________________________________________- Swedish botanist, 18th Century, developed two

name system.1. Before Linnaeus there was no order to _______________________.2. Linnaeus’s system had __________ levels of organization, each level called a

_____________________(taxa-pl.)3. Linnaeus’s placed all living things in to one of two Kingdoms- _______________________ or

___________________________4. Today we have ___________ kingdoms

1. ___________ 2. ____________ 3. ______________4. _____________ 5. _____________6. ____________

Linneus’s System of Classification

Scientific Name= Ex: Homo sapien (humans)Rules: Genus is always capitalized and species is always lower case. Both are always italicized or underlined

Dichotomous Keys: A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish. Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item. "Dichotomous" means "divided into two parts". Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step. At each step, make a choice and preceede as directed. After all choices have been made, you should “arrive” at the correct name of the organism.

A Dichotomous Key To Flags

1. A. The flag has vertical stripes……………………………………………….go to 2 B. The flag does not have vertical……………………………………………go to 3

2. A. The flag has a round emblem in the center……………………………….Afghanistan B. The flag does not have a round emblem in the center…………………..Andorra

3. A. The flag has a triangle on the left side…………………………………….go to 4 B. The flag does not have a triangle on the left side………………………..Armenia

4. A. The flag has to least 1 star…………………………………………………go to 5 B. The flag does not have at least 1 star…………………………………….Bahamas

5. A. The flag has more than 3 stars……………………………………………Comoros B. The flag has less than 3 stars……………………………………………..Cuba

Identify the flags by using the dichotomous key above. Write the name of the country that each flag belongs to.

1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. _________________________

4. __________________________ 5. __________________________ 6. __________________________

E. Kingdom Archaebacteria Only recently recognized as a separate bacteria kingdom Live in very __________________ environments Have a cell wall and some use flagella for movement _____________________– single celled Prokaryote – simple cell, unicellular with no nucleus Reproduce asexually Can be helpful & harmful

F. Kingdom Eubacteria Largest of the two bacteria kingdoms & can live almost anywhere Have cell walls and some use flagella for movement ____________________– simple cell, unicellular with no nucleus Reproduce Asexually Can be helpful & harmful

G. Kingdom Protista ____________________– complex cell with a nucleus Most reproduce asexually, some sexually Very __________________kingdom Can be autotrophs (producers) or heterotrophs (consumers) Can be unicellular or multicellular Many have cell walls Examples: Algae, Amoeba, Diatoms

H. Kingdom Fungi ________________________– complex cell with a nucleus Multicellular (except yeast) Have cell walls of chitin Can reproduce asexually with spores or sexually Heterotrophs (consumers) – they eat! Important decomposers Examples: Mushrooms, mold, lichens

I . Kingdom Plantae _______________________– complex cell with a nucleus Multicellular Have cell walls of cellulose _______________________(producers) – they carry out photosynthesis Reproduce sexually with pollen or asexually

J. Kingdom Animalia Hey! That’s You! _______________________– complex cell with a nucleus Do not have cell walls Multicellular _______________________(consumers) Reproduce sexually Examples: insects, fish, humans