Questions and answers of History Lesson 11

Give reasons:Q3 (2). The cold war began.

The cold war was a period of intense struggle for power between the two superpowers, USA and USSR. It began after the Second World War and continued up to 1991.

a. The origin of the cold war can be traced back to the establishment of a socialist state in Russia in 1917.

b. Western countries considered it a potent threat to the democratic and capitalist way of life. They adopted various means to pull it down but failed.

c. During the Second World War, the USA and USSR were allies but it was a friendship of convenience. Before the war ended the mutual suspicion and hatred of former years emerged.

d. The cold war has been looked at as an ideological conflict between capitalism and communism, between democracy and dictatorship and by some as a power struggle between two super powers.

Q3(3). In its practical form, globalization has become synonymous with new colonialism

a. The 16th century was marked by geographical discoveries, mercantilism and subsequently, the colonization of Africa and Asia by the European countries.

b. These countries faced tremendous economic losses after the Second World War but by the 1880s, these economies, specially the USA, flourished.

c. Once again, they intended to exploit the natural resources of the developing and under developed countries and add to their profits. They raised the slogan of liberalization, globalization and opening national borders.

This has parallels with the colonization of earlier years.d. Globalization has opened up world markets, increased production, promoted

individual skills and made trade consumer oriented.e. On the other hand, it has led to uncontrolled competition and put small

industries in danger. The rift between rich and poor countries is widening.f. Consumerism has set in, the dollar has become God and basic human values

are declining.Thus in its practical form, globalization has become synonymous with new colonialism