Congress - The Legislative Branch Congress - The Legislative Branch Unit 8 Unit 8.
Question Write down 5 facts (or more!) you know about the legislative branch at the Federal level.
Transcript of Question Write down 5 facts (or more!) you know about the legislative branch at the Federal level.
I can…
• I can analyze the process of how seats in the House of Representatives are reallocated.
• I can report requirements necessary for election to Congress.
Terms and Sessions
•Congress meets for a 2 year term
•Term starts - Jan 3rd @ noon of odd-numbered years
•Session – two per term
Current: 114th Congress, 1st session
House Membership
• 435 members
• At least 1 per state
• Territories have non-voting reps
• 2 year term length - no limit
• Elections even numbered years
Qualifications for House
• Formal:• 25 years old
• Resident of state elected from
• US citizen 7 years prior
• Informal:• Live in district representing
House Districts
• 435 single-member districts - one person to represent one district
• At-Large district - states with 1 rep
Dividing the House Seats
1. census - population count
2. reapportionment - pop. determines how many reps each state gets
o one district approx. 700,000 people
• Reapportionment Act of 1929 caps it at 435
Dividing the House Seats
3. Redistricting - state legislatures draw district lineso must be one piece (contiguous)o equal pop.
4. Gerrymandering
The political party controlling state leg. draws district boundaries to favor their party
- “packing” and “cracking” methods
Senate Membership
• 6 year term, no term limit
• Continuous body - ⅓ elected every 2 years
• 100 members, 2 from every state
Senate Qualifications
• Senators must be:
• 30 years old
• Resident of state
• Citizen for 9 years
• Election - even years
• Term starts Jan 3rd at noon the following year
Question
What is the main difference between the constituents for a member of the House and a Senator?
Membership in Congress
• Salary• $174k/yr
• Leadership makes more
• $150k/yr pension
• Approve Congressional pay raises, not effective until next term
• Benefitso tax reduction - 2
residencieso gym, medical clinic
• Privilegeso Franking privilege -
free postage
Review Question
1. Explain how these terms are related: census, reapportionment, redistricting, and gerrymandering.
2. When does a new term of Congress start?
3. Who is responsible for redistricting?
4. What are the requirements to be in the House and Senate?
House Leadership
•Speaker of the House – presiding officer, decides points of order, refers bills to appropriate committees, schedules legislation, assigns members to committees
House Leadership
Majority/Minority Leaders – shape and direct legislation (work w/committee chairpersons)
•Majority and Minority Whips – help implement party’s legislative program, influence votes, get members present to vote
Senate Leadership
•Vice President – Presides over Senate – may not participate in debates or vote (only in case of ties)
•President Pro Tempore – presides when VP is not present; senior member of Senate
Senate Leadership
Temporary Presiding Officer – presides when VP or President Pro Tempore is not present
•Majority/minority leaders
•Majority/minority whips
Review
1. What are the responsibilities of the whips?
2. Why does the Vice President not participate in debate in Congress? Why does he only vote if there is a tie?
Review Questions
1. When does a new term of Congress start?
2. Who is responsible for redistricting?
3. What are the requirements to be a member
of the House of Representatives? A
Senator?
4. List your Representative, Senators, and their
party affiliations.
Committees
•Purposes
– Divides work
– Select bills for further consideration (sub-committees)
– Allows reps to specialize in issues important to
constituents
Types of Committees
• Standing – permanent committees
• Subcommittees – specialize in an area of the standing committee
• Select – study specific issue and report to House or Senate
• Joint – made up of members of both houses
• Conference – temporary committee to iron out differences b/w two versions of the same bill
Committee
�Committee Chairmen – heads of committees
◦Chosen by seniority rule – most important positions go to longest tenured
◦Decide which bills are considered when and for
how long
Pg. 143 in book
Make three lists:
1. House-only committees
2. Senate-only committees
3. House and Senate committees