Question

• Without using your book or electronic devices:• Make a definition of what a magnet is.

Magnets

What is a magnet?•A magnet is an object that attracts certain materials usually objects made of iron or steel.

•A magnet has two ends called magnetic poles or just poles for short. •A magnet’s pull is strongest at the poles.•Poles are usually marked North and South.

Types of Magnets

• There are three types of magnets.• Permanent

• Ex:• Temporary

• Ex:• Electromagnet

• Ex

•Magnetic Forces

•Forces you feel when playing with magnets can be pushes or pulls. •A magnetic field is the space all around a magnet where the force of the magnet can act. •You can’t see the field

•Forces between magnetic poles are like forces between electric charges.

•Opposite magnetic poles attract, and like poles repel. North and South poles attract.

•North and North poles repel or push away. •South and South poles repel or push away.

Break…

How does it work?

Magnetic Force

• With the charges lined up it creates a greater amount of force that can react at a distance.

What about a temporary magnet?

• Remember everything that is matter has charges in them. However until those charges line up or move in the same direction they have very little force.

Compass

•The North and South seeking poles of magnets have been helpful to people for hundreds of years to find direction.

•The first magnets used were made of heavy natural material called a lodestone, which is a mineral magnetite.

•A compass today uses a lightweight magnetic needle that is free to turn.

•A compass needle points along an imaginary line connecting the North and South poles. This is because earth is like a giant magnet.

•Field lines of earth’s magnetic field come together close to the planet’s North and South poles. •The north-seeking pole of the free-moving magnet in the compass points to Earth’s North Pole.

Electromagnetism

Section 1: What is Electromagnetism?

What is electromagnetism?

• (1820) Hans Christian Oersted produced a current in a wire during a lecture.• When he brought a compass near the wire, the

compass changed direction.• Whenever he turned on the current in the wire, the

compass needles moved in the shape of a circle.

Electric Current & Magnetism• How can you observe electromagnetism?• Compass & electric current

• A compass needle normally points north because it aligns itself with Earth’s magnetic field• The needles of compasses surrounding a current will

align with the current, producing a circle

Electric Current & Magnetism

•Wherever there is electricity, there is magnetism•An electric current produces a magnetic field • This relationship is called electromagnetism

What do they look like?• An electromagnets can be made out of a variety

of materials but they all have the following:• Voltage source (battery or other source)• A magnetic core• Wire wrapped around the

core. This is known as a solenoid. The more timesthe wire is wrapped aroundthe core the greater thestrength of the magnet.

The Magnetic Field

• The magnetic field produced by a current has three distinct characteristics:

1. The field can be turned on and off• Simply by turning the current off!

2. The field can have its direction reversed• Simply by reversing the direction of the current!

3. The field can have its strength changed• Increase the current in the solenoid• Add more loops of wire to the solenoid• Wind the coils of the solenoid closer together• Increase the strength of an electromagnet by using a stronger

ferromagnetic material for the core

Common Electromagnets

• Audiotapes• Videotapes• Computer hard drives• Credit cards• Doorbells• Radios• Refrigerators