Question… What can this: Have to do with exploring the Atlantic and beyond?
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Transcript of Question… What can this: Have to do with exploring the Atlantic and beyond?
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Question…
• What can this:
• Have to do with exploring the Atlantic and beyond?
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• These are herring:
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And Europeans in the 15th Century loved to eat them!
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They can be served in all sorts of interesting ways…
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And if salted, herring last many weeks
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Salt: One of the most sought after commodities of the Ancient and Medieval World’s
• Salt is an excellent preservative! It sucks the moisture out of flesh (fish, beef or even mummified human remains!)
• Salt also kills microbes that lead to the decomposition of flesh.
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Not long ago….
• As little as 100 years ago, workers were still salting meat and fish in barrels, for transportation and storage.
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Why is this relevant?
• Much of the Renaissance economy was based on salt production.
• Salt, and salted and preserved foods, were transported all over the Mediterranean by merchant vessels.
• This sea trade was the backbone of the innovation that drove scientific and maritime exploration, and also astronomy.
• As mariners travelled to new markets, they began to push the boundaries of technology. New technologies allowed them to travel further and sail longer.
• Some merchants became explorers as they began to wonder at the possibilities…
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Fishermen on the coast of Portugal had perfected the art of using salt to preserve herring. With the use of salt, their range extended far out into the Atlantic.
• Eventually, their ships found the American continent.
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Portuguese Fishermen were not Explorers
• Although they sailed as far as the coast of Canada, these fishermen were primarily interested in catching fish.
• They established some isolated fishing camps, but nothing at all permanent.
• As it turned out, the famous Portuguese explorers who followed turned South around Africa or across the Atlantic to Brazil and South America.
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Portuguese Exploration
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The True Explorers
• Explorers are people who set out purposefully to find and travel in new lands.
• By the mid-late 1400’s shipbuilding techniques and important advances had made it possible to travel further out to sea. However, it was a time of superstition and most sailors hugged the coast.
Astrolabe
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The World is Round• Since the early 200’s B.C., the world was known to be a sphere. A Greek
mathematician named Eratosthenes had worked it out quite accurately using nothing more than his feet and his brain. As such, the earliest World maps always show Earth as a sphere…
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Chinese trade is nothing new• In the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, trade with china was as
important as it is today, or perhaps even more.
• Products like silk and spices flowed from that region, and European traders paid high prices for these goods coming overland or by slow coastal craft.
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Question?
• Was there another way to get the goods from China with out having to undergo and arduous and expensive overland trek?
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Answer…
• Perhaps a ship could sail all the way around the world and so end up in China…
• European explorers set out around the World’s oceans in order to find the way to China.
• Some headed West, while others headed East…
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EXPLORER TECHNOLOGY
CARAVELLE• A newer design of ship that
was more seaworthy than earlier vessels.
• Used by all the Renaissance Explorers!
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EXPLORER TECHNOLOGY
MAPS
• Influenced by Chinese explorers, Portuguese fishermen and better map making (cartography), explorers had better maps !
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Enter the Chinese…
• Some argue that his maps sparked European exploration!
• large Chinese fleet, led by a great Chinese explorer, Zheng He, circumnavigated the globe sometime around 1419-21.
• It has been argued that the Chinese visited the shores of America in 1421.
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The Maps of Zeng He
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EXPLORER TECHNOLOGY
ASTROLABE• A device invented by
Arabian seafarers that enabled navigation by the sun.
• Enabled explorers to travel out of sight of land
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Uses sun angle to determine latitude
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EXPLORER TECHNOLOGY
MAGNETIC COMPASS• A device that uses a
magnetized iron pointer.
• Always points to magnetic North Pole!
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EXPLORER TECHNOLOGY
TELESCOPE• Not invented until 1608,
after much of the world had been explored.
• Enabled explorers to see further and avoid hazards
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Consider…
• Which of these items of technology was most important for the explorers?