QUEST

Innovation to

implementation

DECEMBER 1, 2014

ROD YEOH - PRINCIPAL

DIALOG

+ Integrated Architecture, Engineering, Planning & Urban

Design, Interior Design, Landscape Architecture,

Sustainability

+ Over 550 people firm wide across Canada

+ Studios in Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Toronto

BUILDING ENERGY USE

• 39% of primary energy

• 71% of electrical

consumption

• 38% of CO2 emissions

Commercial Building Primary Energy Consumption Breakdown

HVAC

30%

Lighting

26%

Water Heating

8%

Office Equipment

8%

Refrigeration

4%

Cooking

2%

Other

8%

Miscellaneous

14%

BUILDING ENERGY SYSTEMS

• "Everything is in balance and influences other things."

• Architectural / Structural– Building shape & orientation

– Space layout

– Building Envelope Performance

– Building Mass

– Windows

– Shading

• Mechanical– Heating / Cooling Plants

– Energy Distribution System

– Heating / Cooling Terminal Units

• Electrical– Equipment / Plug Loads

– Lighting System

• Control systems

3 PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY

PERFORMANCE

• Step 1: Reduce Demand

• Step 2: Harvest Free Energy

• Step 3: Increase System Efficiency

In order of decreasing effectiveness and

increasing life cycle cost

3 PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE

STEP 1. REDUCE DEMAND

• Building shape & orientation

• Space layout

• Building Envelope

• Building Mass

• Fenestration

• Lighting

• Programming

3 PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE

STEP 2. HARVEST FREE ENERGY

• Passive Strategies– Passive Solar Heating

– Daylighting

– Natural Ventilation

– Earth Tempered Vent.

• Active Strategies– Solar Collectors

– Photovoltaic Panels

– Wind Turbines

– Ground Source

– Heat/energy recovery

3 PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY PERFORMANCE

STEP 3. INCREASE EFFICIENCY

• Mechanical– Heating / Cooling Plant

– Energy Distribution System

– Heating / Cooling Terminals

• Electrical– Lighting

– Power systems

REDUCE LOADSEnvelope Upgrades

IF the Building is already having envelope

issues, or needs to be re-roofed, increasing

insulation or replacing glazing may make

sense

REDUCE LOADS

Envelope Upgrades

Study for CoV – Green Retrofits

Glazing upgrades can save over 20% of total energy costs per year for a typical downtown office tower

Balance with incremental cost of higher performance glazing if already planning a glazing replacement

REDUCE LOADS

Envelope Upgrades

Heating and Cooling Calculations and Energy

Simulations should be performed

In some instances, increasing insulation could

actually increase energy use

REDUCE LOADS

Heating Loads

Ventilation Air

Check existing ventilation levels

May be over/under ventilating

ASHRAE 62-2007 Requirements

17 cfm per person required for office space

7 cfm per person required for reception areas

“RIGHT” SIZE EQUIPMENT

Once Loads are Reduced

Look at replacing main plants: chillers, boilers, rooftop units

Don’t just replace with same size

Size to suit new loads

Add Redundancy

“RIGHT” SIZE EQUIPMENT

Evergreen Building

Replaced Glazing

Reduced Chiller Size by

15%

Reduced Boiler size by 10%

ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRENDS

Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems

Separating space conditioning and ventilation loads

Displacement Ventilation and Underfloor Air Distribution systems

ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRENDS

Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems

ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRENDS

Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

ENERGY EFFICIENCY TRENDS

Co-generation

Generate Heat and Power at the same time

By-product heat can be used for cooling through absorption chillers

Generally more efficient for district plants

RE-COMMISSIONING

Re-commissioning of Building Systems (RCx)

The Office of Energy Efficiency (NRCan) has cited studies that show that re-commissioning can improve energy efficiency by 5-15%, with a payback under 2 years.

PRIORITIZING CAPITAL PROJECTS

Life Cycle Cost Intangibles

+ Issues such as

IAQ and thermal

comfort affect

productivity

+ Productivity cost

is very hard to

quantify

+ Original Construction 2%

+ Maintenance Costs 6%

+ Personnel Costs 92%

THANKS! ANY QUESTIONS?