Quarter Review Unit 3. Of which elements are most living things composed?
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Transcript of Quarter Review Unit 3. Of which elements are most living things composed?
Quarter ReviewUnit 3
Of which elements are most living things
composed?Oxygen (O) 24%
Carbon (C ) 11%
Nitrogen (N) 4%
Others such as phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) 2%
What property makes Carbon
special for living things?
It makes four bondsIt forms single, double and
tripleLots of variety for protein,
nucleic acids, lipids & carbohydrates
Plants are able to grow much taller because of this property of water:Capillary Action: adhesion/cohesion of water molecules to each other and to the sides of the plant
What is a Cell Organelle?
Organelle= “little organ”
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
Control center of the cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by a double membrane
Job of ___________?Nucleus
Connected to nuclear membrane
Highway of the cell
_______: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins
_____: no ribosomes; it makes lipids
What is the advantage to multiple folds (accordian-like) for organelles?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
_____________: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins
___________: no ribosomes; it makes lipids
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough
Smooth
Site of protein synthesis
Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol
Produced in a
part of the nucleus
called the nucleolus
Ribosomes
Stores, modifies and packages proteins
Molecules transported by means of vesicles
Golgi Apparatus
Garbage disposal of the cell
Contain digestive enzymes that break down wastes
Lysosomes
“Powerhouse of the cell”
Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use
Mitochondria
Found only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose) production
Chloroplast
Cell Wall Found in plant
and bacterial cells
Rigid, protective barrier
Located outside of the cell membrane
Vacuoles Large central
vacuole usually in plant cells
Many smaller vacuoles in animal cells
Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.
What type of microscope may have been used to
take this picture?
Centriole Aids in cell
division
Usually found only in animal cells
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Large Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell Wall Centrioles
Small Vacuoles
Cell Membrane Importance?
Cell Membrane Selectively Permeable
Cell Membrane How and Why is
arranged this way?
Cell Membrane Hydrophobic tails
repelled from water and are inside; Hydrophilic heads attracted to water on outside
Why do we use Stains when looking
at specimens under a microscope?
To help parts stand out
Hypo Hyper
Iso
Particle moving from LOW to HIGH…
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Shown
By RED dots
What is the term for “a state of balance”,
as in, particles on both sides of a
membrane are in balance?
EQUILIBRIUM
NAME THE PHASES?Explain what is
happening
C
D
A
B
Answers:
NAME THE PHASE
A: Anaphase, Sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers and go to opposite sides of the cell
B:Metaphase, Chromosomes (sister chromatids) line up on the mid-line of the cell; spindle fibers attach
NAME THE PHASE
C: Telophase and Cytokinesis: the cell begins to furrow, and the organelles and cytoplasm split between the two cells
D: Prophase: The DNA has coiled up and is visible, the nuclear envelope disappears
GENETICS VOCAB
1)diagram used by biologists to predict the outcome of a genetic cross
2)refers to an individual with two different alleles for a trait
3)condition in which both alleles for a gene are expressed when present
4)refers to an individual with two identical alleles for a trait
5)an alternative form of a gene
6)condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of its two parents
7)genetic trait that is expressed when it's allele is homozygous or heterozygous
(strong trait)
8)genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present (hidden trait)
9)study of heredity
10)cross involving one pair of contrasting traits
11)transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring
12)A segment of DNA that codes for one trait
13) A tightly coiled strand of DNA
14)observable characteristics of an organism
15)the genetic makeup of an organism as indicated by its set of alleles
Vocab Answers1. . Punnett Square
2. Heterozygous
3. Co-dominance
4. Homozygous
5. Allele
6. Incomplete Dominance
Vocab Answers7. Dominant
8. Recessive
9. Genetics
10. Monohybrid
11. Inheritance
12. gene
Vocab Answers
13.chromosome
14.Genotype
15.Phenotype