Quarry Reuse: Presenter-Dr Thrivikramji.K.P.

7/27/2019 Quarry Reuse: Presenter-Dr Thrivikramji.K.P.

1/42

REUSE OF ABANDONED

QUARRIES AND MINE PITS,KERALA

Presentationby the

EXPERT COMMITTEE

2012


2/42

ISSUES

Nearly 8,000 to 10,000 quarries

Roughly a third abandoned

Flooded quarries sites of accidental deaths ofhumans/animals

Pose huge concerns to ecological health

REUSE OF ABANDONED QUARRIES ETC.-2011


3/42

CURRENT STATE

Spread across the state wherever quarriablerocks occur

No zoning laws governing siting of quarries

Stoppage of quarrying : choice of operator

Pre-FY 2011, no regulations on closure of

quarry or rehabilitation



4/42

CURRENT STATE (Contd)

Safer and secure sites for various anti-social

activities

Many quarries waterlogged seasonally or

perennially to variable depths

Despite vastness of abandoned quarry lands,

currently, no express recommended use



5/42

GENERIC TYPES

TYPE GEOMETRY TYPE OF EXTRACT

L-shaped L-shaped Rock /rubble

U-shaped U-shaped; a deeper pit Rock /rubble

Composite U-in-L Rock /rubble

Box shaped

Walled shallow Box ; walls of

variable height; flat or stepped

floor;

Laterite brick/red

earth; brick and tile

clays

China clay

pits/mines

Large geometric pits or L-shaped

cuttings with benches/steps

China clay

(under MMRD Act,

1957)



6/42

PRE-TREATMENT FOR REUSE

Protective barrier

Hoist warning signs

Stabilize shoulders/rims

Ease steepness at head of cutting/slope

Rough levelling of quarry floor

Re-develop and manage disturbed lower

order streams

Remove assorted refuse in quarry



7/42REUSE OF ABANDONED QUARRIES ETC.-2011

Rock types: Charnockites, Gneisses and

Granites

Structures: joints (fractures), shears, micro &

micro-folds, foliations and lineations

Litho-static pressure keeps such weak planes

tightly closed

ROCK SYSTEMS OF HARD ROCK QUARRIES


8/42

ROCK SYSTEMS OF HARD ROCK QUARRIES

Abandoned quarries flooded most of the year

Some quarry basins behave like sealed basins

Examples are: Peroorkada (Tpuram), PTP

Nagar (Tpuram), Beside the Kovalam Beach

Road (Tpuram), Sargalaya, Iringal

(Kozhhikod)



9/42

MENU FOR SUCCESSFUL REUSE

Each reuse option proposed is site-specific and

needs validation by a group of specialists

All measures need periodic monitoring and maintenance.

Key to success of the reuse programmes is the

identification of suitable indicators - biodiversity, soil,

water and air- (to monitor the quality).



10/42

1. Solid waste

composting yard6. Silvopasture

2. Mini-biogas plant site 7. Forage culture

3. Modern Crematoria 8. Mini-livestock farms

4. Mini-solar electric

farms9. Roadside rest area

5. Plant nurseries 10.Quarry learning site

L-Shaped-Quarry Floor

REUSE OPTIONS (Contd)



11/42


12/42

REUSE OPTIONS

1. Water reservoir

2. Aquaculture

3. Artificial aquifer

4. Water recharge point- laterite , clay pits

etc

U-Shaped Deep Quarries



13/42

1. Community Composting /Biogas site

2. Aquaculture

3. Pisciculture

4. Horticulture

U-Shaped Shallow Quarries




14/42

Yet, amenable only to rim/shoulder stabilization

by hydro-seeding, geo-textile-carpeting and tree

planting.

Erection of protective metallic barricade around

the rim, display hazard warning signs and depth

charts recommended.

Rogue Quarries (No express reuse possible )




15/42

Pre-Treatment:

rim and

shoulder

a. Protective green fencing, and warning

signs and crash barriers (if wall abuts

on edge of right of way of road)

b. Re-vegetation with Lemon grass,

Vetiver along the rim and shoulder of

the pit

c. A Green belt of Casurina/Bamboo

d. Vetiver hedge row to protect rim and

wall of quarry


Laterite Brick and Red Earth Pits



16/42


Laterite Brick and Red Earth Pits

Reuse

measures:

floor

a. Garden land (Cashew, tuber crops,

yams etc.)

b. Real estate

c. Amphitheaters and open-air

theaters

Water storage

& conservation

structure

Recharge pit with recharge bores.



17/42


Tile & Brick Clay Pits

Pre-Treatment

Topsoil of undisturbed patches in

the ela gathered and stored.

Saved topsoil put in place in the

abandoned pit to resume

cultivation.

Reuse Initiate co-op farming in such areas



18/42


Tile & Brick Clay Pits: Abandoned,

Battery of pits in an ela

Pre-

Treatment

a. If water-logged, fencing and water-hazard

warnings along with display of depth

charts

Reuse

a. Pisciculture of edible and ornamental fish

b. Farming sites of aquatic plants (e.g., lotus,

water lily)

c. Source of irrigation water and domestic

use after treatment.



19/42


China Clay Mine

Pre-Treatment

Protective fencing, and warning signs

Depth charting

Re-vegetation of rim and edge (e.g.,

vetiver, lemon grass)

Masonry/earthen gutters to divert

surface runoff away from the mine pit to

protect erosion of walls & water quality

A Green belt of Casurina/Bamboo in the

buffer zone



20/42


China Clay Mine

Reuse

measures

Pisciculture: Edible and ornamental fish

Cultivation of aquatic flowering plants like

lotus, water lily Source of water for lift irrigation, industrial

and domestic use after treatment.

Develop childrens park, picnic ground,

play ground, open air theatre etc. after

landscaping the land around the back

shore as inSargalaya, Kozhikode district



21/42

MENU FOR SUCCESSFUL REUSE

Each reuse option proposed needs careful validation by agroup of specialists in the Quarry Reuse Advisory Cell,

Office of DMG, GoK.

All measures need periodic monitoring and maintenance.

Key to success of the reuse programmes is the

identification of suitable environmental health indicators -

biodiversity, soil, water and air- (to monitor the quality).



22/42

AVOIDANCE OF RISK TO COMMUNITY

Provide metallic barricades as a safe

barrier

Erect caution boards/depth charts in

sufficient numbers and sites

Legally entrust LSGs with powers to

implement safety measures



23/42

QRAC: AGENCY FOR REUSE

ASSISTANCE

Panel of multi-disciplinary experts at QRAC

to approve, modify, re-design DPR tasks

for reuse

Establish QRAC (Quarry Reuse Advisory Cell),

@ DMG to validate and/or design/approve

reuse measures/ DPR raised by LSGs



24/42

Geo-spatially referenced database on

quarries currently does not exist.

A basic information for environmental

management, control and for plugging

revenue loss to the State.

A format for geospatial data collection

appended in the report

DMG in charge of populating maintaining and

updating the DB

QUARRY DATABASE, KERALA

LEGAL MEASURES


25/42

LEGAL MEASURES

The Kerala Minor Mineral Concession Rules,

1967 allow stoppage of quarrying at any time.

No express closure clause

The draft Minor Mineral Regulation and

Development Act, 2011 of GOI requiring

quarry closure plan is under

consideration of GOK.

Hence, adoption of MMRD, 2011 by GOK is of

high priority.



26/42

The SC recommends take over (of quarries by

the LSG) of all categories abandoned for

more than 5 years to implement reuse tasks.

Government may enable by new rules for this

based on legislation or executive order.

LEGAL MEASURES

(Recommendations)


FINANCING REUSE


27/42

A Cess on tradable quarry extracts

A share (up to 20% ) of tax or royalty

Issue a Kerala State Quarry Reuse Bond

A quarry restoration superfund with the

support of GOI (special to Kerala)

Bumper Lottery for quarry-eco-restoration

fund

WB/ADB loan for environmental

rehabilitation

FINANCING REUSE


28/42

CESS Complex, Akkulam, Tpuram

KSRTC Bus station, Chathannoor

Sargalaya, Kozhikode dist.

SUCCESS STORIES OF REUSE



29/42

KRL taps ponded water from a cluster ofabandoned quarries to supplement

industrial water needs

Commercial ornamental fish farming,

Palakkad

Farm Irrigation with ponded quarry water,Palakkad & Wayanad dist.

SUCCESS STORIES (Contd)



30/42

Domestic water supply sourced from

abandoned clay mine, Magalapuram,

Tpuram.

English India Clays refines clay with recycledharvested water from abandoned mine pits,

Tpuram.

Prime real estate (of TCS) is restored mine pit,

Tpuram.

SUCCESS STORIES (Contd)



31/42


32/42


33/42


34/42


35/42


36/42


37/42


38/42


39/42


40/42


41/42

We acknowledge quarry

operators,government departments and

above all Professional staff of

Mining & Geology Department

in making our outdoor work a

great success.


42/42

THANK YOU

VERY MUCH

Quarry Reuse: Presenter-Dr Thrivikramji.K.P.

Documents

Transcript of Quarry Reuse: Presenter-Dr Thrivikramji.K.P.