Quantifying farmers preferences: Can it be done? Steven Franzel
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Quantifying farmers preferences: Can it be done?Steven Franzel
• Use of the bao game for getting farmers’ assessments of alternative trees.
• Combine– Accuracy, precision, and ability to
generalize– User-friendliness of participatory
research
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Tools for getting farmer evaluations of technologies
• 1. Scoring questionnaires
– Rating on a ‘1 to x’ basis gives quantitative data, but is problematic in rural, third world setting
Because farmers’ involvement is passive, they become bored
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Tools for getting farmer evaluations of technologies
• 2. Matrix ranking: diagram with alternatives on one axis, criteria on the other.
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Matrix ranking: Maize varieties
Local INIAP 180 Imported
Yield/ha
Resistance to pestsMkt. Price
Taste
Prod. Cost
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• Advantages of matrix ranking:
– Farmers control process
– Visual tool, facilitates discussion and correction
But it is not used for collecting quantitative data (Maxwell 1997)
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Bao game case study
• Overall research objective: Combine advantages of scoring questionnaires and matrix ranking.
• Case study : Burundi.
• Objective.: Find out how farmers evaluate trees in an on-farm trial.
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First you need to get farmers’ criteria
• Tour the farm asking about the uses, advantage and disadvantage of each tree
• List the farmers’ criteria• Break off a branch of each
tree
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• Find a comfortable place for the farmer to use the bao game to score different trees
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Watch out, a crowd quickly forms!
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Burundi case study
• 45 farmer interviews. • They rated 8 trees for timber and
firewood across 7 criteria
• Ratings from 1(low) to 5 (high)
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Farmer criteria
• Tree management and growth– Compatibility with crops– Speed of growth– Resistance to pests
• Use for timber– Wood appearance– Straightness
• Use for firewood– Quick in drying– Durability of fire
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Farmers' mean ratings of tree species using bao game
Trees Compatabi-lity
with crops
Speed of growth
Durability of fire
Cedrela serrata 4.6 (0.5) 4.3 (0.7) - Grevillea robusta 4.9 (0.3) 4.6 (0.5) 2.8 (1.2) Markhamia lutea 3.7 (1.0) 1.9 (0.9) 4.2 (0.7) Eucalyptus spp 1.1 (0.3) 4.3 (0.8) 5.0 (0.0)
(Standard deviation in parentheses)
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Burundi case study: Main findings
• Eucalyptus and Grevillea, the most common species, also the highest rated– Grevillea for fast growth and
compatibility– Eucalyptus for fast growth and
firewood
• Two other high-rated species, Cedrela and Maesopsis, not commonly grown due to lack of planting material
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Conclusions• Bao game combines strengths of
scoring questionnaires with those of matrix ranking
• Bao game is useful for generating quantitative data– Accurate– Precise– Permits generalization, hypothesis
testing• Quantitative data on farmer criteria
and preferences are key inputs into tree improvement program.