Quantification of Extreme Weather on Wind Farm Performance · Quantification of Extreme Weather on...
14
Quantification of Extreme Weather on Wind Farm Performance Philippe Cambron CANWEA O&M, January 2020
Transcript of Quantification of Extreme Weather on Wind Farm Performance · Quantification of Extreme Weather on...
Quantification of Extreme Weather on Wind Farm Performance
Philippe Cambron
CANWEA O&M, January 2020
2© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Context – Climate Change
• Extreme weather events are more likely to occur with climate change
• More storms• More frequent heatwaves
• More frequent extreme cold• More snow and ice storms
Puerto Rico wind farm after Hurricane Maria in 2017 Blade of a WTG stopped several days for to severe icing
3© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Context – Extreme Weather
• Direct and indirect impact on WTG performance• Icing losses / Derating events
• Storm shut downs
• Unable to access WTG for troubleshooting downtimes due to blades icing
• Impact on Fatigue• Stops at high winds (ex: tower vibration faults or storm shutdowns)
• Impact of turbulence
4© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Context – Action Plan
• Still hard to quantify impacts on the climate side
• Hard to estimate how much more icing losses would affect a certain wind farm or how many more storm shut downs would occur
• Opportunity for proactiveness in wind farm management by working on a proper quantification of the impact of these extreme events.• Energy Loss Allocation
• Fatigue KPIs
5© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Tracking Energy Loss – IEC Classification
• Events classification with IEC 61400-26-1
• Information levels 1 to 4 are describe in the standard
• Information level 5 is customizable and allows to configure the tracking of certain type of events
6© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Tracking Energy Loss – IEC Classification
• Event classification sample for an Ice Detect : Stoppedevent
• Reliable expected energy required for the evaluation of losses
• Energy allocation rules (multiple events at the same time)
7© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Tracking Energy Loss – “Homebrew” Rules
• Additional rules needed to capture some events
• Example, icing losses events:• No other events
• Condition on ambient temperature
• Condition on relative humidity
• Under-performance observed
8© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Tracking Energy Loss – Analytics
9© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Fatigue KPIs – What is Fatigue?
Weakening of a material caused by cyclic loading that results in progressive and localized structural damage and the growth of cracks
More turbulence -> More cycles
More storms -> More extreme cycles
Crack propagation in WTG hubsCracks in foundation in tower base
http://bit.ly/36yaa1O http://bit.ly/36yaa1O
10© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Fatigue KPIs – Start / Stop Cycles
• Turbine stops at high wind speed are generating high stress on the components
• Case of WTG with improper cut-out settings
• Operator was able to change the SCADA parameters accordingly and therefore limit the WTG fatigue
11© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Fatigue KPIs – Rainflow Counting
Rainflow – Stress cycle countingS-N Curve – Damage and
Remaining usefull life
12© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Action Plan
• Evaluation of mitigation approaches / systems• De-icing (passive, active)
• Dust cleaning (better ventilation / cooling)
• Storm management
Source : GE
Source : Aerones
13© 2019 Power Factors LLC. All rights reserved. Commercial in Confidence.Power Factors, LLC
+1 415 785 8955
pfdrive.com
Conclusion
• Climate change will bring more events of extreme weather
• Still hard to predict how a given wind farm will be affected
• However adopting a structured asset monitoring methodology will allow to quantify the impact of climate change and orient improvement programs
• Take time to properly test and validate any mitigation / improvement technology before deploying all over the fleet
