Quality Recycling & Reuse 2016
Transcript of Quality Recycling & Reuse 2016
5thAnnualProducedWaterQualityRecycling&Reuse2016
BeneficialUseandTreatmentofProducedWaterinRockiesAnd
Oklahoma
Presenta(onOutline
• RoleofWaterinOilandGasProducEon• ProducedWater• OverviewofSanJuanBasin• BeneficialUseofProducedWater-CoalbedMethane• TreatmentofProducedWaterforSanJuanBasin• ProducedWaterTreatment–OklahomaWaterflood
RoleofWaterinOilandGasProduc(onAroundTheWorld
TypeofOilandGasProduc(on
Conven(onal CoalbedMethane ShaleOil&Gas HeavyCrude OilSands
DrillingS(mula(on
DrillingS(mula(on
DrillingSteamflooding
DrillingSteaminjec(on
U(liza(onofWater/WaterBasedProducts
ProducedWaterGenerated
-Lowvolumeini(ally-Increasedvolumeover(me-Highlife(meproducedwater
-Highvolumeofwaterproducedini(ally-Decreasesover(me
-Lowlife(meproducedwater
-Producedwaterfromsteamflooding
-Producedwaterfrominjectedsteam-Wastewatergeneratedfromminingproduc(onandprocessingsteps
DrillingS(mula(on
EnhancedRecovery
ProducedWater
• ExtracEonofoilandgasfromundergroundreservoirsisaccompaniedbywaterorbrine,whichisreferredtoasproducedwater
• ProducedwateristhelargestsinglefluidstreaminexploraEonandproducEonofoilandgas
• Structuredandintegralapproachisrequiredformanagementofproducedwater
• CostofhandlinganddisposingoftheproducedwateroUendefinestheeconomiclifeofafield.
BeneficialUseofWater-CoalbedMethaneProduc(on
CBMProduc(on
• Theamountofwaterremoveddependson– Originalwaterpressureinthecoal– Capacityofcoaltoholdwater– Extenttowhichcoalisconnectedto
adjacentgeologicalformaEons
• WaterproducEondecreasesexponenEallywithEme
OverviewofCBMProduc(on
• CoalstoressixtosevenEmesmoregasthanconvenEonalgasreservoirs.
• Methaneisboundtocoal-heldinplacebythewaterpressureinthecoal.
• InCBMdevelopment,waterisremovedfromthecoalbed(pumping)anditallowsgastodesorbfromcoalandflowupthewell.
• WaterproducedfrommostCBMwellsisrelaEvelyhighcomparedtoconvenEonalnaturalgaswellsduetopresenceofmanyfractures(cleats)
MajorAreasofCoalBedMethane(CBM)Produc(on
PowderRiver
SanJuanBlackWarrior
Raton
• 2014USCBMproducEonwas1.4TCF,5.3%ofalltheUSdrygasproducEonthatyear.
• MostCBMproducEoncamefromColorado,WyomingandNewMexico.
• MostproducEvecoalbedmethaneareaistheSanJuanBasininColoradoandNewMexico
Basin State GasProduc(on(2014)TCF
WaterProduc(on(2014)MMBW
PrimaryDisposalMethodforWater
BlackWarriorAlabama 0.06 40 SurfaceDischargePowderRiver Wyoming 0.22 175 SurfaceDischargeRaton Colorado,NewMexico 0.1 62 InjecEonSanJuan Colorado,NewMexico 0.61 43 InjecEonUinta Utah 0.03 8 InjecEon
Uinta
Source:EIA
SanJuanBasin
• StructuralBasininFourCornersregionofNWNewMexicoandSWColorado
• NaturalgasproducEonfromconvenEonalresourcesandEghtgas,CBMandshale
• CBMproducEonflourishedin1990s,primarilyduetofederaltaxcredits
• Basedonprovedreservesin2013,SanJuanBasingasareais4thlargestnaturalgasfieldinUS
Gas Production, San Juan Basin Slide10
• Fruitland Coal drilling increased the basin’s daily gas production rate from 1.5 - 4 Bcfd
• Fruitland Coal production reached a peak of 2.6 Bcfd in 1999
• Current production from CBM is more than 1 Bcfd
Data – IHS Energy, 2015
Gas and Water Production, San Juan Basin Slide11
• Gas-in-place estimates for Fruitland CBM are ~ 50 Tcf
• Cumulative production to date is ~ 20 Tcf
• Mostly primary recovery process (pressure depletion)
Data – IHS Energy, 2015
SanJuanBasinProducedWaterManagement
FruitlandCoalCBMWellSchema(c
• ThewellsareconstructedwithmulEplesolidsteelcasingstringscementedinplaceandextending2,000feetormore.
• CBMgasproducedfromFruitlandFormaEon.
• WaterwellconstructedintheshallowaquifercomposedofupperAnimasformaEon.
• Typicalwaterwelldepthsare300feetorless.
• InbetweenaquiferandFruitlandcoalisathicklayerofimpermeableshaleandsandstone(KirtlandformaEon).
CBMWaterChemistry
• PrimaryconsEtuentsofproducedwateraresodiumbicarbonateandsodiumchloride
• BasinswithsodiumbicarbonatedominaEngwaterchemistryhavehighsodiumadsorpEonraEo(SAR)index
• ThehighSARIndexistheleadingcomponentprevenEngtheuseoftheCBMwaterinSanJuanforirrigaEonorsurfacedischargetostreams.
• AcoupleofreverseosmosissystemsinColoradotocleanupthewaterforsurfacedischargetotheriverwereinplacebutmaintenancewastohigh.
StateSpecificApproachforProducedWaterManagement–NewMexico
• CBMwaterfromSanJuanBasinismostlydisposedtoclassIIdisposalwell.
• ContainslowtohighconcentraEonofsaltsandtotaldissolvedsolids(TDS).
• Duetopoorquality,producedwatercannotgetNaEonalPollutantDischargeEliminaEonSystem(NPDES)permittodischargeintosurfacestream.
Drillingmud
ProtectedWater
SurfaceCasing
Cement
Tubing
Packer
PerforaEons
AnnularSpace
InjecEonZone
StateSpecificApproachforProducedWaterManagement-Colorado
TheclassificaEonofCBMproducedwaterchangedin2009• CBMproducEondesignatedasbeneficialuseofwater• Requirescompliancewiththewaterrightsactsandawater
wellpermitissuedbytheStateEngineer• AugmentaEonplansmayberequiredinColoradotoreplace
depleEonstoimpactedstreamsystems.• OnemethodofaugmentaEonisthroughacquiringrightstoan
upstreamreservoirandcontrollingthereleasefromthereservoirtomatchthemodeleddepleEonimpacts.
• ProducedwaterfromtheCBMwellsisdisposedtodeepsubsurfaceformaEons
CBMProducedWaterTreatmentforDisposalWell
Producedwaterfromfieldthrough
pipelineWaterTanks
Filtra(on PumpTreatwithH2Sscavenger,
corrosionandscaleinhibitor
ClassIISaltWaterDisposal
WellMaintenanceinvolved• Filterchangeout.Filterpluggingfrom
– coalfines– hydrocarbons– oilfieldchemicals
• Limitedvendorsupply
ProducedWaterTreatment–OklahomaArea
Waterflood
• WaterfloodisusedtoincreasetheproducEonofoilandisknownassecondaryrecovery
• PracEceofreinjecEngproducedwaterintosubsurfaceformaEonsbeganin1920s
• WaterinjecEonhelpstodisposesalineproducedwaterandimprovesoilrecovery
• Sourceofinjectedwater– Producedwater– Seawater– Aquiferwater– Riverwater
Waterfloodbegins
OklahomaProduc(onOverview
• 100%ofproducedwaterisreinjectedforoilrecovery
• Amountofproducedwaterfromthefieldisnotsufficientforwaterfloodrequirementssoitiscommingledwithanothersourceofwater
• CompaEbilitytestofproducedwaterandwatersupplywellisconEnuouslyperformed.
Limita(onofWaterInjec(on
• CompaEbilityofinjectedwaterwiththereservoir’sconnatewater
• InteracEonoftheinjectedwaterwiththereservoirrock• Injectedwatertreatmenttoremoveoxygen,bacteria
andundesirablechemicals• ProducedwatertreatmentforseparaEonwithoiland
reuseforinjecEon
StepsTakenbyFieldTeamforManagingWaterInjec(on
• DiagnosisofoilandwaterproducEontodetermineinjecEonvolumes– monitoringfluidlevelsinproducingwells– determiningsweepwater
• RunninginjecEonprofileininjectorstodetermine– wellintegrity– monitorfluiddispersion– findoutofzonelosses– providepictureofoverallacEvitydownhole
• Injectedwatersamplingandqualitycheck
InjectedWaterQuality
Monthlysamplingofwaterforqualitycontrol• Oilinwateranalysis• MilliporefiltraEonforsuspendedsolidsidenEficaEon• WateranalysisforchemicalcomposiEon
– ScalepredicEon,totalsuspendedsolids(TSS)• Wateranalysisforacidproducingbacteria(APB)andsulfate
reducingbacteria– sulfatereducingbacteriaresultsinhydrogensulfide– microbialinducedcorrosion(MIC)
• DissolvedGases(Oxygen,H2SandCO2),bicarbonateconcentraEons– corrosivity
TreatmentofInjectedWaterforOklahomaWaterflood
Basedontheresultsoftestsonwatersample,followingtreatmentisperformedupstreamofwatertank• Acroleintreatment
– Bacteria(SRB)– IronSulfide
• ConEnuousscaleinhibitor– BariumSulfate
TreatmentdoneattheproducEonheader• Biocide• Corrosioninhibitor• H2Sscavenger
ProducedWaterTreatmenttoEnhanceOilRecovery
FromWells Separator
LineHeater
WaterTanks Injec7onPumps
Injec7onWells
GunBarrel
OilTanks
WaterSupplyWell
WaterQualityCheck
ChemicalTreatment
Filtra7on
WaterQualityCheck
Sales
Summary
• ProducedwaterisgeneratedinlargevolumesacrosstheUnitedSatesfromconvenEonalandunconvenEonalresources.
• Majorityoftheproducedwaterisreinjectedbackintopetroleumreservoirs.
• Thecostofproducing,handlinganddisposingoftheproducedwaterdefinestheeconomiclifeEmeofafield.
• WaterproducEonisanintegralpartofcoalbedmethaneproducEon.
• PressuremaintenanceandwaterfloodaremainbeneficialusesofproducedwaterinoilandgasproducEon
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