QUALITY OF HALAL MEAT

04/20/23 1

QUALITY OF HALAL MEAT

Dr. Javaid Aziz Awan

Country Director,

Islamic Food and Nutrition

Council of America,

Faisalabad

Presented atHalal Research Council Conferencewww.halalrc.orgHeld at Expo Centre, Lahore - Pakistan

04/20/23 2

About IFANCA?Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America

Not for Profit Technical Islamic OrganizationSupervising production of Halal foodsCertifying halal productsFinding solutions for new challengesPublishing relevant informationConsulting Islamic scholars on issues facing

Muslims in selecting food products.

04/20/23 3

IFANCA Strategy

IFANCA strives to satisfy:

Client Companies

Halal Recognition Authorities

Halal Consumers IFANCA - most knowledgeable organization in

the field IFANCA - provides services second to none IFANCA - builds relationships with the client

companies, halal recognition authorities and halal consumers.

04/20/23 4

IFANCACrescent M Certification

IFANCA certificates and certified products accepted world over

IFANCA - recognized by organizations like:MUIS SingaporeJAKIM MalaysiaMWL Saudi ArabiaMUI IndonesiaUnited Arab Emirates

04/20/23 5

IFANCA Crescent M CertificationGlobal Affiliations:

IFANCA provides Halal certification in over 55 countries directly or through affiliates like:

IFCE, Europe

AFIC, Australia

NZIMM, New Zealand

04/20/23 6

Some Ifanca Certified Companies in Pakistan

AB Mauri Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd., Lahore

English Biscuit Manufacturers (Pvt.) Ltd. Karachi

Coronet Foods, Hattar

Capital Food Industries, Hattar

04/20/23 7


Gaziani Industries (Pvt) Ltd. Karachi Nabeel Industries (Pvt) Ltd., Lahore

Pakistan Gum Industries (Pvt)., Ltd. Karachi

Pepsi-Cola International (Private) Ltd., Hattar

Super Gum Industries Ltd. Karachi

04/20/23 8


National Foods, Karachi

Nestle Pakistan, Lahore

04/20/23 9

IFANCA Halal Certification Logos

04/20/23 10

GUIDANCE FOR MUSLIMS

Holy Quran and the Sunnah provide guidance and inspirations for life on Earth

Food laws among guidelines Ensure foods Muslims eat have positive

bearing on their health In fact the very first law to be passed on to

Mankind was a food law:

04/20/23 11

VII:19 Al-Araf

04/20/23 12

THE FIRST DIVINE LAW

The Holy Quran“And unto man: O Adam! Dwell thou and thy

wife in the Garden and eat from whence ye will, but come not nigh this tree lest ye become wrong-doers” VII-19 - Al-Araf

04/20/23 13

THE LAST DIVINE LAW

The last Divine law incidentally a food lawRevealed during last pilgrimage of the Holy

Prophet Muhammed (pbuh):“They ask thee O Muhammed what is made

lawful for them. Say: all good things are made lawful for you” V:4 Al-Maidah

Aim of Divine revelations:Ensure man eats right type of food for his

nourishment

04/20/23 14

MEAT

Meat indispensable for sound human healthProvides several essential nutrients:

ProteinsAmino acidsMineral elements Vitamins

04/20/23 15

MEAT

Meat subject to spoilage by:Chemical reactions Biochemical reactions Biological agents, including bacteria

Meat responsible for food-borne diseasesHence must be produced to:

Minimize chemical and biochemical changesPrevent chances of bacterial contamination

and growth to preserve quality

04/20/23 16

HALAL MEAT

Slaughtering of animals and birds: essential to prepare for food purposes

Pre-slaughter management and bleeding methods: regulated by legislations and religious

practices Earliest recorded laws on handling, care and

slaughter of animals:Revelations in the Holy Quran andAhadith by the Holy Prophet (pbuh)

04/20/23 17

ESSENTIALS OF ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING

Islamic method of slaughtering - based on two important principles:Tasmiya Tazkiyah

Tasmiya - invoking name of Allah means slaughter being done with His

permissionThis in accordance with several commands

given in the Holy Quran

04/20/23 18

V:4 Al-Maidah

04/20/23 19


“Forbidden to you (for food,) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which hath been invoked the name of other than God; that which hath been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a head long fall, or by being gored to death; that which hath been partly eaten by a wild animal, unless ye are able to slaughter it (in due form) ….…………. (V:4) Al-Maidah

04/20/23 20


Tazkiyah means purification - cleaning meat of blood by slaughter

Consumption of blood prohibited in Holy Quran - VI:146

All lawful animals and birds contain blood Blood must be drained as per these commands

04/20/23 21


The Holy Prophet (pbuh) gave comprehensive guidelines on slaughtering of animals in following Hadith:

“Verily Allah, has prescribed proficiency in all things. Thus, if you kill, kill well; and if you slaughter, slaughter well. Let each one of you sharpen his blade and let him spare suffering to the animal he slaughters”.

04/20/23 22

ESSENTIALS OF ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING - Slaughterer

Must be adult Muslim or Must believe in Holy Scriptures Must be in possession of his mental faculties

04/20/23 23

PRE-SLAUGHTER HANDLING OF ANIMALS - 1. Selection of animals

Islam strictly prohibits:PorkCarrion Dead animals Carnivorous animals Birds of prey Amphibians Reptiles

04/20/23 24

1. Selection of animals

Islam permits:All herbivorous, even-toed ruminants

Animal meant for slaughtering be:Healthy Free from any apparent or

hidden impurities/diseasesMust be legally owned.

04/20/23 25

2. Pre-slaughter handling of animals

Modern methods require animal prior to slaughtering not be subjected to Stress Fatigue Neurotic Excitement

Rough handling of animals in pre-slaughter period: Adversely affects meat quality Results in dark, firm and dry meat

Fatigued or starved animals Organisms from gut may invade blood stream

04/20/23 26


Proper relaxation before slaughtering:Helps animal to bleed wellBuilds up muscle glycogen to lower meat pH Increases storage life of meat by reducing

chances of microbial growthImproves taste due to conditioning/

tendernessHelps delay or reduce fermentation in

stomach - may otherwise give meat characteristic smell known as ‘bone taint’.

04/20/23 27


Undesirable - animal awaiting slaughter view slaughtering process – cause stress

Animals under stress - lead to undue emotional instability, fatigue, anorexia, etc.

Discharge hormones from adrenal glands: adrenaline from adrenal medulla 17 hydroxy- and 11-deoxycorticosterones from

adrenal cortex Hormones deplete muscle glycogen and potassium Deleterious effects on meat quality Prevention - tranquilizers recommended to calm

stocks in transit.

04/20/23 28

2. Pre-slaughter handling of animals in Islam

Islam promotes calm and rested animals prior to slaughtering: Not fatigued Not excited Not nervous

04/20/23 29


Islam prohibits Any act that causes neurosis or excitement or

other abnormal behavioural changes in animalSharpening knife in front of slaying animalsPractice of collective slaughtering - other

animals viewing their companion being killed Research reveals

Practices inhumane Cause stress

04/20/23 30

3. Feeding the animals

Two schools of thoughts:Animal to remain hungry - FastingAnimal be well fed

Advantages of fasted animals claimed: Bleed better Carcass has brighter appearance Carcass easier to dress Reduced bulk of animal’s stomach Reduced chances of bacterial contamination

from gut

04/20/23 31


Disadvantages of fasted animals: Loss in weight of carcassLoss in weight of liverLower glycogen reserves in muscles Reduced gustative quality of meat

04/20/23 32


Well-fed animals:Glycogen level in muscle reaches higher levelEnsures production of adequate lactic acid Lowers pH of meatMeat has good:

AppearanceTasteTendernessLonger shelf-life

04/20/23 33


Meat of soothed and well-fed animals:pH attains 5.5 or even lower level

Meat of fatigued or neurotic animals:pH varies from 6.5 to 7.0

Often recommended to feed animals prior to slaughtering - meat of good keeping and eating quality

In some cases sugar solution fed to quickly restore glycogen level in tissues

04/20/23 34

3. Feeding the animals in Islam

Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) advised that animals destined for slaughtering be:well fed provided with drinking water

Preferable - animals have free access to feed and water prior to slaughtering

Result - good quality meat.

04/20/23 35

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE

Conventionally, slaughtering process consists of two to three different stagesDepends on religious practices and

legislationsStunning

Jews not in favour of stunningMuslims divided on the issueWestern countries require stunned

Bleeding method governed by religious and national legislations

04/20/23 36

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 1. Stunning

Stunning widely practiced in Western abattoirs Main objective

Make animal unconscious Make death gentle and painless

No standard method for all animals under all conditions

Stunning effective in having calm animal

04/20/23 37

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 1. Stunning

Stunning - outcome of industrial revolution Maximum animals be slaughtered in least timeProbably no relation with mercy on animalsIndustrial revolution:

Provided mankind with innumerable benefitsInflicted damaging blows on some aspects of

human nutritionExample - refinement of wheat flour

Stunning might turn out harmful

04/20/23 38

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE – Bleeding

Quick incision recommended using very sharp knife on front of the neck to severe:Wind pipeOesophagusCarotid arteries Jugular veins

Positions for incision:Hanging animal on its hind legsLaying on the ground

04/20/23 39

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding

To produce good carcass – bleed animal effectively

Heart and respiratory system must function continuously as long as possible after severance

This attained when heart and respiratory functions retained by maintaining medulla oblongata/spinal cord

Animals convulse

04/20/23 40

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE - Bleeding

During convulsions blood squeezed out of vessels

Hence more blood drains out - a pre-requisite for meat of superior quality

Evidence suggests more blood lost from sheep in horizontal position than those hung vertically

04/20/23 41

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding

Blood excellent medium for growth of microorganisms

Meat retaining more blood than critical level liable to bacterial spoilage

Blood retention in tissues can cause unpleasant appearance and discolouration in meat

Keeping and eating qualities of meat depends, in part, on removal of maximum blood from carcass

04/20/23 42

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Laying Animal for Bleeding

Lay animal (except camel) on its left flank, preferably facing Kibla Laying enables animal to convulse - results from

contraction of muscles due to lack of oxygen in brain cells when incision made

Ensures maximum blood drainage owing to body pressure on heart - outranks other slaughtering techniques

Ensures rapid onset of unconsciousness and painless death

Prevents retraction of carotids

04/20/23 43

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE – Bleeding

While giving incisions with sharp knife:Recite name of Allah:Bismillah Allah-o-AkbarAllah-o-Akbar Subhan Allah La illaha illila

Takbir - religious significance to believer makes submission to Allah, that life taken out

of animal with His permission

04/20/23 44

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 3. Bleeding techniques

Slaughtering actually done in the name of Allah and not in name of any person or deity in accordance with following commands:

“So eat of (meats) on which God’s name has been pronounced if ye have faith in His Signs” Vl:118, Vl:121 – Al Anam

04/20/23 45

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding techniques Islamic method: Use sharp knife or any sharp object for bleeding

except finger nail and bone Incision made in neck Throat cut transversely to severe carotid arteries,

jugular veins, oesophagus and trachea without injuring spinal cord

Two essentials in slaughter of animals for meat: animals be dispatched without unnecessary

suffering bleeding be as complete as possible

Both met in Islamic method of bleeding

04/20/23 46

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding techniques

When both carotid arteries severed unconsciousness in sheep induced between 3 to 6 seconds

Islamic method ensures maximum blood drainage from body before completion of death process

Connection between brain and body retained via spinal cord

Brain sends messages to heart and lungsHeart pumps blood to parts of body - drained

out from severed blood vessels in neck

04/20/23 47

SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 3. Bleeding techniques

Results of a comparative study Maximum blood lost in Kosher method

Jewish method similar to Islamic as regards physical details

Minimum when chicken simply beheaded

04/20/23 48

Conclusion

Islamic method ensures:Minimum suffering to animalMaximum bleedingLower pH of meatBetter meat quality

04/20/23 49

ANIMAL RIGHTS

Islam recognized animal rights long before recognition of human rights in Western World

Numerous Ahadith reflect Islam advocates kindness and mercy towards animals: Nourish animals well Save animals from hunger and thirst Show kindness to animals Do not hit or mark animal on its face Do not shoot arrows at cattle or bird tied or held up Do not fight animals for sports or recreation Do not unjustly kill even a sparrow or smaller bird

(other than for food)

04/20/23 50

Thank YouHalal Research Council www.halalrc.org

QUALITY OF HALAL MEAT

Documents

Transcript of QUALITY OF HALAL MEAT