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Transcript of Quality Control of Air Barriers During Construction presentation at ...
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www.sgh.com
Quality Control of Air Barriers During
Construction
BEST III Conference
Brandon S. Buchberg, P.E.
Senior Staff II
Jason S. Der Ananian, P.E.
Senior Staff II
Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc.
3 April 2012
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
• Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Construction Geometries
• Field Quality Assurance
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
• Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Construction Geometries
• Field Quality Assurance
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Introduction – Benefits of Air Barriers
• Reduce building energy consumption
– Commercial buildings are not particularly airtight (NIST Study for
US office buildings: 0.83 cfm/ft2)
– For 3 nonresidential buildings (office, retail, apartments:
• Predicted potential annual heating and cooling energy cost savings
ranged between 3% and 36% in 5 cities.
• Target Air Leakage (0.24 cfm/ft2) and Best (0.04 cfm/ft2)
• Smallest savings in cooling-dominated climates (PHX & MIA)
Source: June 2005 NIST Study prepared for DOE
• Allow more precise control over building interior
conditions
• Can prevent premature failure of building enclosure
cladding in certain climates.
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Introduction – Benefits of Air Barriers
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Introduction – Benefits of Air Barriers
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
• Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Construction Geometries
• Field Quality Assurance
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Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
• Federally-funded building projects
• U.S. Army Corp of Engineers – (0.25 cfm/ft2 per ASTM E779)
• 2012 IECC requires an air barrier
– Commercial construction (Max. 0.40 cfm/ft2 per ASTM E779)
– Except Climate Zones 1, 2 , and 3
• State Building Codes require continuous air barriers:
– FL, GA, MA, MI, MN, NY, RI, WI
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Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
2009 IECC
• Requires openings and
penetrations in the building
envelope be sealed with
caulking or a gasketing
system.
• Limits air leakage rate of
curtain walls and storefront
entrances.
2012 IECC
• Requires a continuous air
barrier in the building thermal
envelope. Provides three
ways to comply with this
requirement.
• Limits air leakage rate of
fenestration assemblies
(includes windows, skylights,
curtain walls, store front
entrances, garage doors, etc.)
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Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes – 2012
IECC, Commercial Construction
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
• Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Construction Geometries
• Field Quality Assurance
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Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Mechanically Attached (e.g. house wrap)
– Generally acts as air and water barrier, typically vapor
permeable
– Sheet material fastened to exterior wall structure
– Seams are lapped
and taped
– Fasteners installed
with manufacturer
provided washers
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Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Self-adhered sheet (e.g. rubberized asphalt sheet)
– Generally acts as air and water barrier, traditionally a vapor
retarder
– Fully adhered membrane sheets applied to exterior sheathing
– Seams are lapped, mastic or liquid membrane can be applied
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Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Fluid-Applied Membranes (e.g. asphalt emulsion, acrylic)
– Generally acts as air and water barrier, available as vapor
permeable and vapor retarder
– Liquid membrane is applied to the exterior sheathing typically
using a sprayer
– No seams
– Performance of membrane
highly dependent on proper
installation of material
– Some have minimal track
record
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Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Spray-Applied Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation
– Generally acts as air and thermal barrier, available as vapor
permeable and vapor retarder
– SPF Insulation is applied to the exterior sheathing, at transitions,
and to interior spaces
– Monolithic (no seams)
– Performance of SPUF
highly dependent substrate
preparation
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Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Transition Materials
– Provides continuous air barrier between wall systems
– Rubber, self-adhered membranes, silicone membranes, metal
flashing, sealant
– Penetrations, fasteners
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Air Barrier Materials and Installation
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Air Barrier Material and Installation
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Air Barrier Material and Installation
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Elevated moisture, improperly
prepared substrates and ambient
summer temperatures caused
ccSPF shrinkage
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
• Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Construction Geometries
• Field Quality Assurance
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Construction Geometries
• Changes in plane
– Wall to roof
– Transitions on elevations (bump outs)
– Overhangs
• Interior conditioned spaces
– Lab spaces
– Natatoriums
– Museums
• Locations where two or more materials intersect
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Construction Geometries – Air Barrier Detailing
• #1 concern: CONTINUITY OF AIR BARRIER
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Construction Geometries – Air Barrier Detailing
• Critical Details
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Construction Geometries – Air Barrier Detailing
• Consequence of small leaks
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Construction Geometries
• Conditioned Spaces
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Construction Geometries
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Construction Geometries
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Construction Geometries
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Open gap
between
penetrating
steel
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Construction Geometries
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Open joint
between steel
members
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Construction Geometries
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Open transition
between membrane
and curtain wall
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Construction Geometries
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Agenda
• Introduction
• Air Barrier Guidelines and Building Codes
• Air Barrier Materials and Installation
• Construction Geometries
• Field Quality Assurance
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Field Quality Assurance - Design
• Start early in the design phase (Schematics/DD)
– Define air barrier in building enclosure (walls, roof, etc.) and
transitions to fenestration, intersections, cladding types)
• Peer review
– Identify any missing details
– Identify incompatible materials
– Identify difficult construction
– Continually trace air barrier outline
– Designer and contractor review
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Field Quality Assurance - Design
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Field Quality Assurance - Design
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Field Quality Assurance - Construction
• Construction Mock-ups
• PROVIDE PICTURE OF TESTING MOCK-UP
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Field Quality Assurance - Construction
• Field Inspection
– Inspect materials
– Establish installation procedures
– Inspect preparation of surfaces
– Inspection through-out construction
• Different crews
• Different workers
• Weather
• Lots of material
– Verify correction of defective work
– Building envelope commissioning
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Field Quality Assurance – Construction
• Field
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• ASTM E779 “Standard Test Method for Determining Air
Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization”
– Quantitative testing
– Zone balancing based on building layout
– Air infiltration through envelope
– Quantitative identification of performance
– Does not identify breaches
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• Quantitative testing
•
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• Quantitative testing
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• ASTM E1186 “Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems” – Qualitative Testing
– Tracer smoke
• Smoke generator
• Pressurization versus depressurization
• Visual identification to determine breaches
– Infrared Thermography
• Shows surface temperature of cladding
• Indicates breach in air barrier or breach in thermal barrier
• Sample opening verification required
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• Qualitative testing
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• Qualitative testing
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• Infrared (IR) Thermography – Prior to Repairs
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Field Quality Assurance – Verification and Testing
• IR Thermography – After Repairs
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Summary
• Increased code air barrier requirements
• Identify air barrier materials and transitions
• Maintain continuity of air barrier
• Identify problematic geometries
• Require/provide construction mock-ups
• Perform frequent field inspection
• Perform verification testing and evaluation
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Thank You
Questions? Jason Der Ananian, email: [email protected]
Brandon Buchberg, email: [email protected]
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