Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI...
Transcript of Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI...
![Page 1: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat Province, AfghanistanMAHRUF SOFIZADA, EHSANULLAH AZIZI, NESARAHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI, ROMA AMINI, ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI
![Page 2: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction• Afghan annual per capita milk consumption is
~66K/yr.
• Large national focus on increasing milk production and consumption
• Much growth in both small and large milk businesses
• To date, there are no comprehensive studies on the quality of milk available to consumers in Herat
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
![Page 3: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction• Objective: assess the quality of milk from open
markets and small milk shops
• Measured:• Total bacteria• Coliforms• Composition (fat%, protein%, sugar%, ash%)• Presence of adulterants (e.g., water, antibiotics)
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
![Page 4: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Procedures• Microbiology
• Aerobic Plate Count• Diluted milk samples• Plated on Plate Count
Agar
• Coliforms• Diluted milk samples• Plated on Violet Red Bile
Agar
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
![Page 5: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Procedures• Composition
• Measured by ultrasound:• Fat• Protein• Lactose• Ash
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
![Page 6: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Procedures• Adulteration
• Measured:• Added water• Added starch• Added CaCO3
• Antibiotics (tetracycline, penicillins, sulfa drugs)• ROSA Antibiotic Strips
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
![Page 7: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Results
Milk samples were similar ages at time of collection and analysis
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
Age and price of milk samples used in this study.
Age (% Samples) Price*
Source < 6 hr 12 – 24 hr > 24 Mixed AF
Overall (n = 100) 53.0 44.0 2.0 1.0 28.7Bazar (n = 55) 52.7 41.8 3.6 1.8 26.2b
Milk Shop (n = 45) 53.3 46.7 0.0 0.0 31.1a
Numbers with different superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05. Comparisons are between sampling groups (bazars vs. milk shops) and within column. * = at time of collection.
![Page 8: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Results
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
Composition of milk samples collected from bazars and milk shops in Herat City, Afghanistan
Source Fat (%) SNF (%) Protein (%) Lactose (%) Salts (%)
Overall (n = 100) 3.25 8.45 3.33 4.76 0.57
Bazars (n = 55) 3.0b 8.10b 3.29 4.70 0.56
Milk Shops (n = 45) 3.5a 8.80a 3.38 4.82 0.58
Numbers with different superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05; comparisons are between sampling groups (bazars vs. milk shops) and within columns.
Milk samples from bazars frequently had composition (fat) irregularities.
![Page 9: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Results
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
Percentage of milk samples with irregularities (fat or water) or adulterants (starch or antibiotic residues).
Antibiotic Residues
Source Fat Water Starch Beta-lactams
Tetra-cyclines
Sulfa-nomides
Bazaar 34.5a 32.7a 25.5a 4.0b 2.0 0.0
Milk Shop 11.1b 15.6b 2.2b 19.0a 4.8 0.0
Numbers with different superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05. Comparisons are within column.
Milk samples from bazars more frequently had adulterations.
![Page 10: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Results
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
0102030405060708090
100
<10^5 ≥10^5 ≥10^6 ≥10^7 ≥10^8
Perc
enta
ge S
ampl
es
Total Aerobic Bacteria (CFU/mL)
Bazar
Milk Shop
75 – 90% of all milk samples had TOTAL BACTERIA concentrations above the international standard (105 CFU/mL)
![Page 11: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Results
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
0102030405060708090
100
<100 ≥100 ≥10^3 ≥10^4 ≥10^5
Perc
enta
ge S
ampl
es
Coliform Concentration (CFU/mL)
Bazar
Shop
~90% of all milk samples had COLIFORM concentrations above the international standard (100 CFU/mL)
![Page 12: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Conclusions• Milk samples from bazars more frequently had
irregularities (e.g., added water, starch, fat irregularities)
• Milk from both sources had high bacterial concentrations
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY
![Page 13: Quality and Safety Assessment of Raw Bovine Milk in Herat ... · MAHRUF SOFIZADA , EHSANULLAH AZIZI , NESAR AHMAD ISAQZAI ERSHAD FAQIRI , ROMA AMINI , ZAHRA RAHIMI, SHAKIB AMINI.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071104/5fddfcd8885e810bec2fe8ef/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conclusions• High bacterial concentrations indicate sanitation
and hygiene issues
• Milk shop owners should work directly with their suppliers to make sure they are collecting, storing, and transporting milk using hygienic practices.
• Decreasing bacterial concentrations will increase:• Shelf-life• Product quality• Profit
U S W D P F O O D T E C H N O L O G Y B R I D G E P R O G R A M A T H E R A T U N I V E R S I T YPAUL EBNER, PHD, PURDUE UNIVERSITY