QoS management, prioritization and networkslicing in 5G networks

EMERGENT seminar 21.11.2017Dr. Marko Höyhtyä, senior scientistVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd

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Contents

ƒ 5G test networks in Finlandƒ CORNET project

ƒ QoS and mission critical applications in 3GPP networksƒ Network architectureƒ Priority and QoS control mechanismsƒ Advanced 5G technologies for network managementƒ Software Defined Networkingƒ Network Function Virtualizationƒ Network slicingƒ eV2X support

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5G test networks in Finland

Beyond state-of-the-arttechnologies

Flexible serviceconfigurations

Standardised and openinterfaces

Extensive access tomonitoring and testingdata

Automotive

eHealth

Emergency & Public Safety

Energy

Factories of the Future

Media & Entertainment

CAPABILITIES

USE

CASES

VTT ROLEƒ Key technical partner in all projects, coordinates cooperation between themƒ E.g., 5G radio and core networks, development of priorization and QoS

control mechanisms, new spectrum sharing methods, IoT

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5G test network ecosystem

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CORNET project –Critical Operations Over Regular Networks

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Quality of service (QoS)

ƒ QoS defines a set of requirements to be met to ensure anappropriate service level for data transmission in a network

ƒ The final aim can be thought to be to ensure the quality ofend user experience

ƒ The essential QoS characteristics include:ƒ Throughput: Rate of successful delivery for a specific applicationƒ Delay: Round-trip time of packet transmission between network nodesƒ Jitter: Delay varianceƒ Packet loss rate: Percentage of packets lost during transmission on the

network

ƒ Signal strength is not good enough indicator for service quality

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QoS control in 3GPP networks

ƒ QoS control is used to balance/prioritize traffic duringcongestion

ƒ Policy server and functions to manage policy rulesbetween applications and the policy enforcements pointsneeded to run critical traffic efficiently in regular networks

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Mission critical applications in 3GPP2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rel-12

Rel-12 equipment

Rel-13

Rel-14

Rel-13 equipment

Rel-14 equipment

Proximity servicesDevice-to-devicecommunications(D2D)Groupcommunicationssystem enablers(GCSE)

Improved ProSe/D2DGroup basedenhancements(GROUPE)Mission-critical PTT

Improved MCPTTMission-critical dataMission-critical video

2020

Enhanced MC (PTT,data, video)MC communicationinterworking betweenLTE and non-LTEsystems

Rel-15 equipment

Rel-15

• Mission Criticalservices enhancedrelease by release

• Currently understudy, potentialfeatures in Rel-16:• Future MobileRailwayCommunicationSystem• 3GPP for maritimecommunications

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Simplified network architecture and different services

Ambulancecommunications

Mission criticalpush-to-talk

PCRF = Policy andCharging Rules Function

Entertainment

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QoS and priority mechanismsƒ EPS bearer is a virtual connection

between user device and PDN-GW inEPC.

ƒ Each bearer must have QoS Classidentifier (QCI) and ARP

ƒ QCI: resources first to high priorityservice, then lower priority service

ƒ ARP: High priority bearer only served ifnetwork congested. Can kick otherexisting bearers out

ƒ Bit rate is also defined for a bearer:ƒ Guaranteed bit rate (GBR)ƒ Maximum bit rate (MBR)ƒ Non-GBRƒ Aggregate MBR for a group of bearers

of a single user

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QoS and priority mechanismsƒ Access class barring (ACB): at

terminals or at the base stationƒ Terminal initiated reduces overhead

ƒ Access classes define priorities at theair interface: ”High priority access” forAC>10

ƒ Policy management is implementedwith multiple functions in core andRAN. PCRF plays a central roleproviding QoS control for requestingapplications

ƒ Multimedia Priority Service (MPS) forpriority calls in public networks isdefined by PCRF with proper ARP

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QoS class identifiers (QCIs)*QCI Resource Type Priority Packet

DelayBudget

PacketError Loss

Example Services

1 GBR 2 100ms 10−2 Conversational Voice2 GBR 4 150ms 10−3 Conversational Video3 GBR 3 50ms 10−3 Real Time Gaming4 GBR 5 300ms 10−6 Non-Conversational Video (Buffered Streaming)65 GBR 0.7 75ms 10−2 Mission Critical user plane Push To Talk voice (e.g., MCPTT)

66 GBR 2 100ms 10−2 Non-Mission-Critical user plane Push To Talk voice

5 non-GBR 1 100ms 10−6 IMS Signalling6 non-GBR 6 300ms 10−6 Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-Based (for example, www, email,

chat, ftp, p2p and the like)7 non-GBR 7 100ms 10−3 Voice, Video (Live Streaming), Interactive Gaming

8 non-GBR 8 300ms 10−6 Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-Based (for example, www, email,chat, ftp, p2p and the like)

9 non-GBR 9 300ms 10−6 Video (Buffered Streaming) TCP-Based (for example, www, email,chat, ftp, p2p and the like). Typically used as default bearer

69 non-GBR 0.5 60ms 10−6 Mission Critical delay sensitive signalling (e.g., MC-PTT signalling)

70 non-GBR 5.5 200ms 10−6 Mission Critical Data (e.g. example services are the same as QCI6/8/9)

*3GPP TS 23.203 standard "Policy and Charging Control Architecture"

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QoS and priority mechanisms: Summary and timeline

1) Access class barring (ACB)ƒ If the cell is overloaded ACB can be activated to reduce load

2) Admission controlƒ ARP priorities can be used during congestion to ensure that high

priority users will get service3) Traffic schedulingƒ Radio resources are scheduled based on QCI of applications and EPS

bearers4) Dynamic QoS managementƒ Non-static management of QoS using PCRF connection

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5G technologies to advance QoS control

ƒ Software Defined Networking (SDN): decoupling control and data planesƒ Control plane: split between functions that are controlled and functions that

control the overall network

5GPPP White paper, ”View on 5G Architecture,” July 2016

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5G technologies to advance QoS control

ƒ Virtualized network functions (VNFs)ƒ Decoupling network functions from the physical network

equipmentƒ Network functions virtualized and executed on general

purpose servers

ƒ Network slicingƒ Network slicing allows operators to customize networks

according to various requirements of vertical servicesƒ 3GPP systems define a network slice as a complete logical

network, which provides telecommunication services andnetwork capabilities

ƒ Resource allocation and resource isolation

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5G technologies to advance QoS control

ƒ Network slices operated on a single infrastructure

NGMN Alliance White paper, 2015

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Conclusions

ƒ There are several priorization and QoS mechanisms available in3GPP standardsƒ Operators have started to implement and use these recently but there is

still a lot of room for improvements globallyƒ Each release advances mechanisms and supports new mission critical

services

ƒ 5G will include some interesting techniques to improve QoScontrol in the networkƒ SDN and virtualized network functionsƒ Dedicated network slices for different users/applicationsƒ eV2X to support precise positioning, automated driving and remote

control

Thank you