Q heteromeles arbutifolia
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Toyon/CA Christmas Berry – Heteromeles arbutifolia (het-er-AH-mel-eez ar-bew-ti-FO-lee-uh)
Family: Rosaceae (Rose Family)
Native to: Chaparral, Coastal Sage Scrub and Coastal Shrub communities from S. Oregon to Baja. Often
on semi-dry slopes, canyon walls, back-dune areas. Var. macrocarpa – S. Channel islands.
Growth characteristics: lg. evergreen shrub/tree mature height: 6-10’ (to 30’) mature width: 4-6’ In nature, usually a many-branched shrub – but highly variable. Leaves and branches stiff. Natural shape
is rounded, fairly dense. Can be shaped into tree by removing lower branches. Grows taller in shady
environments.
Blooms/fruits: clusters of showy white blooms in summer; bright red berries in fall/winter.
Uses in the garden: for erosion control on slopes. As a specimen plant (attractive year-round). Can be pruned as hedge/hedgerow. Good under/with Live Oaks and Ceanothus. Foliage used for holiday
decorations. Makes a good screen or espalier – quite adaptable with pruning. Foliage makes and orange natural dye. Berries toxic if consumed in large amounts.
Sensible substitute for: Non-native Pyracantha;Cotoneaster;Holly;Scarlet Wisteria;Acacia;Myoporum
Attracts: butterflies (flower nectar); birds (esp. Cedar Waxwings, wrentits) and other songbirds relish the
berries.
Requirements:
Element Requirement
Sun Full sun to full shade
Soil Any well-drained; any pH is fine
Water Tolerates some supplemental water in summer (better fruiting); keep leaves dry
(susceptible to fungal diseases)
Fertilizer None needed
Other
Management: prune yearly (Feb-Mar) to maintain shape. Flowers/fruits borne on year old wood. Watch
for fungal disease, particularly in warm, wet weather.
Propagation: from seed: relatively easy in winter/spring. Soak berries in water about 1 week then rub
through sieve to clean. Store dry seeds cool. Plant shallow. Sow 10-20 seeds/cup.
Plant/seed sources (see list for source numbers): 1-3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12-14, 16-21, 23-25, 28 12/5/10 © Project SOUND
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Heteromeles arbutifolia
Toyon; California Christmas berry
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Toyon in Heritage Creek Preserve, CSU Dominguez Hills (Carson CA)
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Toyon espalier Mother Nature’s Backyard