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Developer

Training

BO-EN-Python-20080613.pdf

Python

Workbook



Python

© Nokia 2008. Nokia and Nokia Connecting People are registered trademarks of Nokia Corporation

2BO-EN-Python-20080613.pdf





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Python







About This Course

Course Description

This course introduces object-oriented programming language Python.

AudienceThe readers of this document are Python developers who want to use Python in the S60

platform. This is not a generic Python course, so, for example, Python use in unit testing is

not covered.

Student PrerequisitesBefore attending this course, students must have:

Object-oriented programming experience with some programming language (C++,

Java™);

Helpful: generic Symbian and S60 knowledge.

Course ObjectivesAt the end of the course, students will be able to do the following:

Write Python programs;

Deploy and test programs;

Use Python S60 APIs.

Python



Document ConventionsThe following conventions are used in course materials to distinguish elements of the

text.

Convention Use

Courier10 BT Represents code samples or examples of screen text.

| Separates an either/or choice in syntax statements.

[ ] Encloses optional items in syntax statements. Type only the in-

formation within the brackets, not the brackets themselves.

... Represents an omitted portion of code sample.

{ } Encloses required items in syntax statements. Type only the in-

formation within the brackets, not the brackets themselves.

// Distinguishes short comments in C++ and Java programmingcode.

//

//

Distinguishes long comments in C++ and Java programming

code.

/* ... */ Distinguishes long comments in C, C++ and Java programming

code.

 Distinguishes comments in HTML, WAP & XHTML programming

code.



Developer

Training

BO-EN-Python-20080613.pdf

Python

Contents

Introduction ............................................................12

What is Python?..............................................................................................................13Why Python?.....................................................................................................................14

Design tradeoffs..............................................................................................................15

Growing user base........................................................................................................16

Common Use Cases for Python..........................................................................17

Development environment..................................................................................18

Interactive prompt.......................................................................................................19

Hello world..........................................................................................................................20

Python on S60 .........................................................21S60 Python (PyS60) consists of..........................................................................22

Deployment of Python programs (1/2)......................................................23

Deployment of Python programs (2/2)......................................................24

S60 Python compatibility.......................................................................................25

Active object – Framework (1/2).......................................................................26Active object – Framework (2/2).......................................................................27

Application Framework...........................................................................................28

S60 screen components in Python.................................................................29

Forms ......................................................................................................................................30

Listboxes...............................................................................................................................31

Dialogs....................................................................................................................................32

Text............................................................................................................................................33

Canvas (1/2) .......................................................................................................................34

Canvas (2/2) .......................................................................................................................35

Programming Basics .............................................36Standard types.................................................................................................................37

Strings.....................................................................................................................................38

Indexing and slicing....................................................................................................39

Lists............................................................................................................................................40

Tuples......................................................................................................................................41

Dictionaries.........................................................................................................................42

Control flow........................................................................................................................43

For loop..................................................................................................................................44

if-then-else..........................................................................................................................45

Functions..............................................................................................................................46

Object model.....................................................................................................................47

Classes 101..........................................................................................................................48

Modules .................................................................................................................................49

File manipulation..........................................................................................................50

Files and directories.....................................................................................................51

Standard library miscellanea...............................................................................52

Other useful functionality.......................................................................................53



Python



Zen of Python....................................................................................................................54

Documenting code ......................................................................................................55

Unit testing..........................................................................................................................56

Exception handling......................................................................................................57

Reserved Keywords .....................................................................................................58

Python S60 Modules.............................................. 59Camera Module...............................................................................................................60

Audio Module....................................................................................................................61

Databases.............................................................................................................................62

Databases - Contacts ...................................................................................................63

Databases - Calendar...................................................................................................64

Other modules 1/2.......................................................................................................65

Other modules 2/2.......................................................................................................66

Python Sockets ....................................................... 67Socket programming 1/4.......................................................................................68

Socket programming 2/4.......................................................................................69

Sockets: Bluetooth 3/4 ..............................................................................................70

Sockets 4/4..........................................................................................................................71

Course summary ....................................................72

Thank you. ............................................................... 73



Python





Python



Introduction



Python



What is Python?

Python is a general purpose programming language optimized for rapid application

prototyping. Because it is interpreted during execution, it is not as fast as compiled

languages such as C++.



Python



Why Python?

The number of Python users is growing. It is portable and extensible, it integrates well with

native C++ environments, it has large standard library with ready made functions, and still

it is easy to learn and use.

SWIG (Simplified Wrapper and Interface Generator) allows a developer to wrap C/C++

functions for use with scripting languages, such as Python.

BoostPython is a C++ library which enables seamless interoperability between C++ and the

Python programming language.



Python



Design tradeoffs



Python



Growing user base



Python



Common Use Cases for Python



Python



Development environment



Python



Interactive prompt

Running bt_console is easy from S60 and is recommend way to test out functions.

Do not use it for lengthy programs that might crash the console since all your data is lost if

console raises exception

Another way of stepping through the code is pdb.py (Python debugger supplied with

python S60 package).



Python



Hello world

Let’s see if the environment has been set up correctly by creating helloworld program and

running it on both PC and S60.

All PCs need a bluetooth module (eighter built-in or dongle) that is used for connecting PC

to Mobile phone.



Python



Python on S60



Python



S60 Python (PyS60) consists of

When developing python scripts they are run under the execution environment, but it is

possible to create ’stand-alone’ python scripts using py2sis – utility program to make

symbian installation files (.SIS) that have a generated application executable which enablesusers to start python scripts without explicitly starting the execution environment. This way

Python scripts appear to users like any other application in the system and the user is

unaware that the implementation was made with Python.

Python installer will allow .py modules to be installed as runnable scripts or as libraries that

can be imported for use of other scripts.



Python



Deployment of Python programs (1/2)



Python



Deployment of Python programs (2/2)



Python



S60 Python compatibility



Python



Active object – Framework (1/2)

Consult S60 SDK documentation on how active objects and the active framework works on

Symbian.



Python



Active object – Framework (2/2)



Python



Application Framework

If you want to create a non – application framework python scripts (servers) you can call

e32.start_server at the start of your program.



Python



S60 screen components in Python

Above image is normal view of S60 applications.

Python supports three different view types for applications: normal, large and full screen.

To set another view type, programmer can set appuifw.app.screensize = ’normal’ ; ’large’ ;

’full’

Please note that the application icon cannot be set from Python. Only the Py2sis – utility

allows you to do this.



Python



Forms



Python



Listboxes

To load icons you need to use Icon class that can read Symbian multibitmap format

(.MBM).

Check the python API reference to see how to do this.



Python



Dialogs



Python



Text



Python



Canvas (1/2)



Python



Canvas (2/2)



Python



Programming Basics



Python



Standard types

Arbitary size integers is a speciality of Python. E.g. in C++ the int is limited to current

machine word of your environment (32bit in ARM).

In Python the following initialization is allowed and perfectly valid but would overflow in

many other programming environments

fiveBillion = 5*10**9

oneMillion = 1*10**6

print fiveBillion *oneMillion

Division operation on integer depends on the Python version. Check the documentation to

see wheter you should use / - operator or // - operator.



Python



Strings

Multiline spanning is widely used when commenting code. See extra slides about

commenting and documenting conventions with Python.



Python



Indexing and slicing

Slicing and indexing is a very powerful tool when extracting data out of strings, though

strings are not the only data type that supports it; slice can be used to extract

data out from any kind of list like structure (string/list/tuple).

For more powerful string handling look up Regular Expression module from the

documentation.



Python



Lists

The difference between append and extend might not be clear at first. Consider the

following example:

myList = [1,2,3]

myList.append([4,5]) #appends a single element

myList.extend([6,7]) #extends with elements

print myList

[1, 2, 3, [4, 5], 6, 7]



Python



Tuples

Examples of structure:

#simple tuple containing 4 members

a = (1,2,3,4) print a

(1,2,3,4)

# tuple containing tuple a and a string ’hello’

b = (a,’hello’)

print b

((1,2,3,4),’hello’)

#tuple containing two arrays

c = ([1,2],[3,4])

print c[1]

(3,4)

#unpacking a tuple

d,e = c

print d[1,2]

# tuples are immutable hence trying to assign to it

c[1] = 5 # creates runtime error



Python



Dictionaries



Python



Control flow

Python does not use braces to create a block scope, instead Python uses indentation to

create a code block.

Indentation is normally done with whitespaces and you should set your editor to insert

spaces instead of TAB delimitters to ensure portability of your code.

Indentation is four spaces to create a new code block.

It has been widely argued whether this is a good or bad desicion, use it for a while and you

will not even notice the ’missing’ braces.

Note that no delimitter is required to end command, for example ,no ’;’ at the end of line.

Python command sequences end in whitespace or in explicit delimitter of ’;’.

Commands expanding to multiple lines end with newline char.



Python



For loop

How to read for loops in Python: ”for every element in the list do the following lines”

for fruit in fruits:

print ”is ” + fruit + ” ripe?”



Python



if-then-else



Python



Functions

Here you see the problem of late binding, since the functions can take any type of object as

a parameter

the environment cannot do type checking until the command is being executed.

Only way environment can handle such situations is to raise TypeError – exception.

Object model and late binding is discussed in the following slides.



Python



Object model

Python is a full object language - even the built-in types are objects and what programmer

sees are instances of these objects.

#Easy example to prove that integer is truely an object

dir(1) # will output all the functions of integer object type



Python



Classes 101

def __init__(self)

Defines the constructor for class. Unlike C++ you cannot overload constructor definitions.

Only single definition can be defined.

def __call__(self)

Makes this a callable object, if the object has been constructed and user calls the Function

operator again it will lead to calling of this function.

There are various useful standard functions to be implemented for a class. One very nice is

the string representation of the class:

def __str__(self):

return ”this is how I like to be printed out”



Python



Modules



Python



File manipulation



Python



Files and directories



Python



Standard library miscellanea



Python



Other useful functionality

Iterators and generators seem like a complex idea but provide an easy solution for doing

loops and avoiding return values being lost into void.

Example:

def fruitsInFreeze():

fruits = ['apple','orange','banana']

for f in fruits:

yield f

for fruit in fruitsinFreeze():

print fruit

apple

orange

banana



Python



Zen of Python



Python



Documenting code



Python



Unit testing



Python



Exception handling



Python



Reserved Keywords



Python



Python S60 Modules



Python



Camera Module



Python



Audio Module



Python



Databases

e32dbm databases deliver the promise of working in the same way as regular DBM Python

modules. You can even load anydbm in S60, and the e32 backend is automatically selected.

e32dbm is based on e32db, a SQL-based mini storage system supplied by Symbian OS.You can use either, depending on which semantic (DBM or SQL) is more convenient for

you.



Python



Databases - Contacts



Python



Databases - Calendar



Python



Other modules 1/2



Python



Other modules 2/2



Python



Python Sockets



Python



Socket programming 1/4



Python



Socket programming 2/4



Python



Sockets: Bluetooth 3/4



Python



Sockets 4/4



Python



Course summary



Python



Thank you.



Python



Lab XXXXX.cb1

Introduction

Title: HelloWorld

Overview: In the lab, the classic HelloWorld program is written in Python.

More importantly, students learn how to run Python programs in

the S60 emulator and device.

Objectives: To learn how to:

Edit and write Python programs

Run programs in the S60 emulator

Run programs in the S60 device

Compatible SDK(s): Nokia C++ S60 3rd Edition, Feature Pack 2 SDK

Starter Code

Provided:

No Solution Code

Provided:

Yes

Estimated Time To

Complete:

30 minutes

Lab Instructions

Exercise 1 – Preliminary steps

Task 1.1 – Checks

1. Write Python script, which prints “HelloWorld”on the screen using any available editor.

2. Copy the script to theC:\python folder (<Symbian installation

folder>\epoc32\winscw\c\python). If you do not know the path of the Symbian

installation folder, open a command prompt and type devices. After that, type in

devices –info@<default device id>. For example, below the installation path is

the same as root, i.e., C:\S60\devices\s60_3rd_fp2_SDK. Note that this course

assumes you are using the S60 3rd Edition SDK and Python S60 SDK 1.4.3. Go to

http://sourceforge.net for a list of the available Python SDKs and their compatibility withS60 SDKs.



Python



Task 1.2 – Running in the emulator

1. Launch your emulator either from the Start menu or in the command prompt by typingepoc. Launch the Python interpreter from Installations.

2. After starting Python script shell, open the application menu using the left softkey and

execute Run script. Select your HelloWorld to be executed. The solution folder also

contains a GUI version of HelloWorld, which will be studied later.



Python



Task 1.3 – Running in the device

1. If you are using S60 3rd Edition, you can use Ensymble developer utilities to create and

sign a .SIS file (Symbian Installation System). The .SIS package allows you to install the

Python script file to a mobile device. For details on how to create a .SIS package, go to

www.nbl.fi.

2. If you are using S60 2nd Edition, create a .SIS installation package with the py2sis tool,

which is part of the Python SDK. The tool creates a standalone Python application that

can be executed in the device like a native application. Read the *readme*.txt files for

help; they are located in epoc32\tools\py2sis folder.

3. Transfer and install the created .SIS package to your mobile device.

4. Execute your script in the phone.



Python



Lab XXXXX.cb12

IntroductionTitle: Phonebook application

Overview: This lab is our first GUI Python program. In addition, some S60

Python module APIs are used.


Use the S60 application framework

Use S60 Python module APIs

Compatible SDK(s): Nokia C++ S60 3rd Edition

Starter CodeProvided:

No Solution CodeProvided:

Yes

Estimated Time To

Complete:

45 minutes

Lab Instructions

Exercise 2 – Phonebook application

Task 2.1 – S60 application framework

1. The solution folder contains UiTest.py script, which shows examples of how to use S60

GUI controls. Refer to this folder for guidance, if needed.

2. Import the application framework and e32 modules to your program.

3. Yield execution to any outstanding active objects.

4. Lock the AO scheduling.

5. Define a menu. You may have for example:

a. Dial functionality;

b. SMS functionality;

c. About functionality.

6. At this point, define the empty functions for your menu.

7. Define a listbox, which shows a list of names. Define also the list yourself.

d. You need a listbox observer for listbox. Use any function as an observer. The

function does not have to do anything so you may implement is by writing just

pass in function defitnion.

8. Add the listbox to your UI framework.

9. Store the previous application title and define a new title. In the same way, store theprevious exit handler and replace that with a new one.



Python



e. In the new exit handler, restore the old exit handler and application title;

f. Call signal() for the AO lock.

10. Call wait() for the AO lock.

11. Run and test. You cannot send messages or make phone calls yet.

Task 2.2 – Calling module APIs1. Now implement Dial, SMS, and About functionality:

a. Dial: Call dial() in the telephone. The number is the current list box number.

b. SMS: Query the message content from the user. Send the message to the current

listbox number.

c. About: Print the information data or your application.

2. Test your program.



Python



Lab XXXXX.cb13

IntroductionTitle: Word guessing game

Overview: The game implemented in this exercise introduces basic Python

programming issues; there is no emphasis on GUI yet.


Use Python types

Use Python programming structures

Use modules and types from modules

Compatible SDK(s): Nokia C++ S60 3rd EditionStarter Code

Provided:

No Solution Code

Provided:

Yes

Estimated Time To

Complete:

45 minutes

Lab Instructions

Exercise 3 – Game implementation

Task 3.1 – Modules, types, programming structures

1. Import Random from the random module.

2. Define an empty list of words, which a player tries to guess.

3. In the main function, occupy the word list with some elements (strings).

4. Select a random word to be the solution.

5. Define a hint string that is shown to the user. Initially, it can show the first character of

the solution.

6. Define a loop, where as long as the solution length has not been exceeded, the following

will occur:

g. A hint is printed;

h. The player inputs a guess character;

i. The correctness of the guess is checked. Before the check, the guess is converted

to lowercase characters.

j. If the answer is incorrect, the next hint character is provided.



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Task 3.2 – Running

1. Run and test your script.



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Lab XXXXX.cb1

Introduction

Title: Bluetooth sockets

Overview: More complicated functionality will be added to the exercise.


Use S60 sockets

Use Bluetooth sockets

Compatible SDK(s): Nokia C++ S60 3rd Edition SDK

Starter Code

Provided:

No Solution Code

Provided:

Yes

Estimated Time To

Complete:

45 minutes

Lab Instructions

Exercise 4 – Bluetooth sockets

Task 4.1 – Sockets programming1. Use the UI framework skeleton from the previous exercise.

2. You need four functions: connect(), recv(), send(), and close().

3. Connect()

a. Create a streaming BT socket.

b. Use the device and service discovery protocol to find devices and services.

c. Print out information about found devices and services.

d. If any services are found, create a choicelist. Sort the services and create a pop-

up menu, where you show the sorted list of available services.

e. Define the host to be the device selected by the user.

f. Try to connect to the selected device (and service).

4. Recv()

g. Just pass.

5. Send()

h. Print the message that the data is sent.

i. Send the data to the socket.

6. Close()

j. Close the socket.

k. Close the application.



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7. Run and test. Start the Bluetooth service in your PC and use HyperTerminal to connect to

the Bluetooth COM port. Start the Python program in your mobile device and browse the

PC device.

Python Workbook v1 0 En

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