BTG Biomass Technology Group

BTG started at the University Twente (NL)

as a group of reactor engineering (1979 - 1986)

BTG is an independent, private firm specialized in the

process of biomass conversion into fuels and energy (25

years)

BTG is a world-wide development and implementation of

economic and environmentally sound bio-energy systems.

Field-experience in more than 80 countries.

BTG biomass technology In North America

Representing:

Process that converts biomass into a liquid product: bio-oil

organic material is rapidly heated to 450 –

600oC in absence of air.

Breaks down material into a large number of relatively small molecules

End products are 75wt% liquid oil, 12% char and 13% gas.

What is Fast Pyrolysis?

Main purpose is to produce liquid bio-oil– Easier to transport liquid than solids or gasses – Plant doesn’t have to be located near end-use point of the

bio-oil

No oxygen present in process therefore significant decrease CO2 emissions

No SOx Emissions

Testing reveals that NOx emissions are half that from diesel fuel

Why Use Fast Pyrolysis?

Feedstock

WOOD CHIPS WOOD WASTE

SAW DUSTLOGGING RESIDUE

Alfalfa

corn stover

crop residues

debarking waste

forage grasses

forest residues

hulls

municipal solid waste

sawdust

pomace, scrap and spoilage (fruit & vegetable processing)

spent grains

spent hops

spent yeast

switch grass

waste wood chips

wood chips

Biomass Feedstock

The Feed stock must be dry < 10%wt moisture content

Particle size should be < 6mm

Thermal degradation in absence of oxygen occurs in the fast pyrolysis reactor

The char must be removed from pyrolysis vapors

The vapors are quenched and the liquids collected

Fast Pyrolysis Process

Pyrolysis process

Bio-Oil is a liquid mixture of oxygenated compounds containing various chemical functional groups, such as carbonyl, carboxyl and phenolic groups.

Typically a dark brown free flowing liquid.

The density is very high: 1.2 kg/liter, (light fuel oil at around 0.85 kg/ liter)

The bio-liquid has about 42% of the energy content of fuel oil on a weight basis, but 61% on a volumetric basis.

The liquid is chemically unstable and must be stored at room temperature

Water miscible

Not miscible with hydrocarbons

“Ages” - viscosity increases with time

Bio-Oil

Capacity: 2 ton/hr

Modular construction

Detailed design &

construction of

pyrolysis unit in NL

(2004)

Shipped to Malaysia

in January 2005.

Bio-oil Production Plant

Module Plant Assembly

2 t/hr pyrolysis plant in Malaysia

Magellan Aerospace Corp. Developed a Unique Gas Turbine.

OGT 2500Industrial Gas TurbinePackageThe compact, dependable OGT2500 is an idealchoice for efficient, small-scale, 50 or 60 Hzpower requirements. Its single shaft design, integralepicyclic gearbox, two silo combustionsystem, and rotatable exhaust manifold enablethe OGT2500 to easily adapt to a wide range ofsimple cycle, combined cycle, or cogenerationapplications. The OGT2500 delivers an ISOrating of 2.85MW at the output shaft with 28.5%efficiency. The OGT2500 is designed to suit therequirements of utilities, industrial power generation,oil and gas applications, including papermills, hospitals, petrochemical facilities andother cogeneration applications.

Process Flow Chart

• Cold end drive simplifies waste heatconfigurations and allows readyaccess to gearbox drive auxiliaries.• Common lube system forgenerator, engine and gearboxsimplifies design and maintenance.• Ample borescope points alloweasy, in package, conditionmonitoring of critical engine areas.• Twin silo combustors are easilyaccessed in the package forinspection and service.• In line gearbox output shaftprovides a high power to size ratio.• Uncomplicated, industrial designreduces maintenance and allows theunit to burn a wide range of fuels.• Ample enclosure access completewith integral engine removal system.

Typical Site PerformancePower, kW at generator terminals 2720Efficiency, % 27.3Dimensions Length 30 ft./9.15 mWidth 10 ft./3.05 mHeight:Main Enclosure 10 ft./3.05 mTypical Exhaust 25 ft./7.65mWeight 80,000 lbs./36,300 kg

OGT2500 Features:

Simultaneous production of two or more types of Simultaneous production of two or more types of usable energy from a single energy source usable energy from a single energy source (also called “Cogeneration”)(also called “Cogeneration”)Use of waste heat from power generation equipmentUse of waste heat from power generation equipment

CogenerationCogeneration

Reliable, long-term supply of fuelReliable, long-term supply of fuel

Capital costs must be kept under controlCapital costs must be kept under control

Need “customer” for both heat and powerNeed “customer” for both heat and power Negotiate sale of electricity onto grid if not all consumed on-site

Typically plant is sized for heating base load (i.e. minimum Typically plant is sized for heating base load (i.e. minimum heating load under normal operating conditions)heating load under normal operating conditions)

Heat output typically equal to 100% to 200% of the electricity output Heat can be used for cooling through absorption chillers

Risk associated with uncertainty of future Risk associated with uncertainty of future electricity electricity // natural gas / Market price spread ( spot ) natural gas / Market price spread ( spot )

Project ConsiderationsProject Considerations