PYROLYSIS OF WASTE WOOD CHBE 454 Production and Upgrade...
1
CHBE 454 Group P4 Economic Evaluation This project aims to design a waste wood pyrolysis plant for the production of bio-oil with the capability of upgrading the bio-oil. Process Overview Hot Sand Sand and Char to Preheat Feed Handling Fluidization Steam Fluidization Air Combustor Pyrolysis Drying and Grinding: - Drying improves the quality of the product, and grinding results in uniform heat transfer - Water content is decreased by 75% using the heat in the combustor flue gas - Dry wood is ground to size 1 mm - Fluidization steam is produced using a fire- tube boiler Sawdust • Combustor uses natural gas during start-up to heat the sand to 800°C • In steady-state operation char is burned to heat the sand • Hot sand enters the pyrolysis reactor and heat the sawdust to 500°C • Cyclone 1 separates the hot sand from flue gas • Cyclone 2 separates vapor product from solid char Pyrolysis and Product Formation Liquid-liquid Separator Pyrolysis Vapor Quench Water Biogas Bio-oil Waste Water Product Cooling and Separation Design Objectives Bio-oil Upgrade Plant Layout Bio-oil Hydrogen Off Gas 3-phase Separator Waste Water Upgraded Bio-oil Biogas • Vapor is quenched using water spray • The condensed liquid is separated from water in a liquid-liquid separation tank • Bio-oil upgrade uses Hydro-deoxygenation to remove oxygen • Catalyst: Pd/C • Product HHV = 29 MJ/kg Flow = 4900 kg/hr 39 kilotonnes 3.2 kilotonnes 21.8 kilotonnes Annual Production Bio-oil Biochar Emissions • Over 5.3 million tonnes of surplus sawdust residue per year (Natural Resources Canada) • 18% of the surplus from Alberta, over 900 kilotonnes per year • Nearly carbon neutral process • Renewable source of energy • Valuable by-product: biochar Capital Expenses Operating Expenses Working Capital Equipment Indirect Cost Piping and Electrical Buildings and Land Installation General Expenses Labour Utilities Raw Materials PYROLYSIS OF WASTE WOOD Production and Upgrade of Bio-oil Ahmed Qatan, Charley Huang, Elaine Quek, Fang Ee Foo, Mina Habib, Mohamed AlMahmeed, Haruka Tsuemoto Environmental Assessment Main Plant Emissions: · Carbon Dioxide: 24,904 tonne /yr → $30/tonne Carbon Tax · Carbon Monoxide: 3,568 tonne /yr → CO detectors, ventilation · Ash: 2,463 tonne /yr → Sent to landfill/reused · Wastewater: 4,576 tonne /yr → Sent for secondary treatment · Nitrogen Gas: 111,736 tonne /yr → Emitted to the environment Total Capital Investment $10,301,078 Total Operating Costs $15,103,945 (Bio-oil Revenue) $13,254,415 (Biochar Revenue) $4,000,000 Total Revenue $17,254,415 Total Annual Profit $2,150,470 Estimated Payback Period 4.8 Years IRR 20.4% Heat Integration Savings 70% of natural gas cost Main Reactors Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering • Dual circulating fluidized bed operating at 500°C and 3 bar • Biomass flows into a bed of hot sand fluidized by steam • Rapid thermal decomposition of biomass into biogas, oil, and char • Sand and biochar are circulated through the bottom into a combustion riser, where char is burnt to reheat the sand • Biogas and bio-oil exit through the top • Hydro-deoxygenation continuous stirred tank reactor • Reactor operates at 340°C and 140 bar, Residence time: 4 hours, Catalyst: Pd/C • Hydrogen reacts with the hydrocarbons to remove oxygen as water, breaking long-chain compounds, and to saturate double bonds • Product has lower viscosity, higher heating value, and higher stability Location: Scotford, AB Cooling Water
Transcript of PYROLYSIS OF WASTE WOOD CHBE 454 Production and Upgrade...
CHBE 454Group P4
Economic Evaluation
This project aims to design a waste wood pyrolysis plant for the production of bio-oil with the capability of
upgrading the bio-oil.
Process Overview
Hot Sand
Sand and Char to Preheat
Feed Handling
Fluidization Steam
Fluidization Air
Com
bust
or
Pyro
lysis
Drying and Grinding:- Drying improves the quality of the product,
and grinding results in uniform heat transfer- Water content is decreased by 75% using the
heat in the combustor flue gas- Dry wood is ground to size 1 mm- Fluidization steam is produced using a fire-
tube boiler
Sawdust• Combustor uses natural gas
during start-up to heat the sand to 800°C
• In steady-state operation char is burned to heat the sand
• Hot sand enters the pyrolysis reactor and heat the sawdust to 500°C
• Cyclone 1 separates the hot sand from flue gas
• Cyclone 2 separates vapor product from solid char
Pyrolysisand
Product Formation
Liquid-liquidSeparator
Pyrolysis Vapor
Quench Water
Biogas
Bio-oil
Waste Water
Product Cooling
andSeparation
Design Objectives
Bio-oil Upgrade
Plant Layout
Bio-oil Hydrogen
Off Gas
3-phase Separator
Waste Water
Upgraded Bio-oil
Biogas
• Vapor is quenched using water spray
• The condensed liquid is separated from water in a liquid-liquid separation tank
• Bio-oil upgrade uses Hydro-deoxygenation to remove oxygen
• Catalyst: Pd/C• Product HHV = 29 MJ/kg
Flow = 4900 kg/hr
39kilotonnes
3.2kilotonnes
21.8kilotonnes
Annual Production
Bio-oil
Biochar
Emissions
• Over 5.3 million tonnes of surplus sawdust residue per year(Natural Resources Canada)
• 18% of the surplus from Alberta, over 900 kilotonnes per year
• Nearly carbon neutral process• Renewable source of energy• Valuable by-product: biochar
Capital Expenses Operating Expenses Working Capital Equipment
Indirect Cost
Piping and Electrical
Buildings andLand
Installation
General Expenses
Labour
Utilities
Raw Materials
PYROLYSIS OF WASTE WOODProduction and Upgrade of Bio-oil
Ahmed Qatan, Charley Huang, Elaine Quek, Fang Ee Foo, Mina Habib, Mohamed AlMahmeed, Haruka Tsuemoto
Environmental AssessmentMain Plant Emissions:· Carbon Dioxide: 24,904 tonne /yr → $30/tonne Carbon Tax · Carbon Monoxide: 3,568 tonne /yr → CO detectors, ventilation· Ash: 2,463 tonne /yr → Sent to landfill/reused · Wastewater: 4,576 tonne /yr → Sent for secondary treatment· Nitrogen Gas: 111,736 tonne /yr → Emitted to the environment
Total Capital Investment $10,301,078
Total Operating Costs $15,103,945(Bio-oil Revenue) $13,254,415
(Biochar Revenue) $4,000,000Total Revenue $17,254,415
Total Annual Profit $2,150,470Estimated Payback Period 4.8 Years
IRR 20.4%Heat Integration Savings 70% of natural gas cost
Main Reactors
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
• Dual circulating fluidized bed operating at 500°C and 3 bar
• Biomass flows into a bed of hot sand fluidized by steam
• Rapid thermal decomposition of biomass into biogas, oil, and char
• Sand and biochar are circulated through the bottom into a combustion riser, where char is burnt to reheat the sand
• Biogas and bio-oil exit through the top
• Hydro-deoxygenation continuous stirred tank reactor
• Reactor operates at 340°C and 140 bar,Residence time: 4 hours, Catalyst: Pd/C
• Hydrogen reacts with the hydrocarbons to remove oxygen as water, breaking long-chain compounds, and to saturate double bonds
• Product has lower viscosity, higher heating value, and higher stability
Location:Scotford, AB
Cooling Water
