Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5.

1.__________ The threatened communist takeover of Greece prompts a presidential request for aid and a worldwide effort to stop communism.

2.__________ The collapse of Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) corrupt government means victory for Mao Zedong’s (Mao Tse-tung’s) communists and a setback for U.S. policy in Asia.

3.__________ A new president takes charge of American foreign policy amid growing tension between America and its ally, the Soviet Union.

4.__________ A “give-’em-hell” campaign by an underdog candidate overcomes a three-way split in his own party and defeats his overconfident opponent.

5.__________ Communists go on the offensive in a divided Asian nation, drawing the United States into a brutal and indecisive war.

The Cold War

The Birth of a Nuclear World

In a Cold War - aggressor nations use military

buildup- no direct military engagement

*Wars are fought in Proxy nations

Post WWII Europe and Germany were divided among the winners

Germany’s capital Berlinwas also divided

Truman made it clear it would not allow Russia to dominate Europe

1946

• Russia request the UN control atomic materials

• The US was the only nation with access to nuclear bombs

• Russia rejected putting the US in control of the committee to control atomic development

• July 1946

The first post WWII nuclear tests are conducted by America

To ensure proper protection from the ideas of the West….The Iron Curtain was born

• Russia took control of

border states

(promised freedom after the war)

Winston Churchill coined the phrase to describe Russia’s

expansion

This action led to

The Truman Doctrine

Truman called upon the U.S. to

"support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures,"

• Russia is not directly mentioned

• America adopted the :

Containment Policy-to directly meet Russia at any point

it tried to flex its power

This directly names Russia and America’s intent

The Marshall Plan

George C. Marshall

The US needs to help failing

European economies to keep

them from becoming Communist

• $13 Billion to Europe

• Build American ideals and Democratic relationships

1948

• Afraid America would take Berlin, Russia seals the city off from the

Western nations• Truman responded with the

Berlin AirliftFor nearly a year, the US dropped

needed supplies into the city

by airplane

By Summer 1949-

Russia decided to end the standoff

It detonates its first nuclear bomb

1949-

China falls to Communism

Mao Zedong becomes the leader of the nation and

embraces Russia as an ally.

Concern grows other nations may fall!

NATO (Still here)

North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationApril 1949

- member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack

by any external party

Members:United States, England, France,Italy, Belgium, Canada, Norway, Denmark, Luxembourg, Portugal, Iceland and

the Netherlands

Its first test will be in Korea

the organization's goal: "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down"

Reading a Bar Graph

Read the bar graph of National Defense Budget, 1940 - 2010 on p. 914 and answer the following questions.

1.In what census year, after World War II, did the defense budget first decline as a percentage of the federal budget and a percentage of GNP?

 

 

2.In what census year, after 1960, was the defense budget the same fraction of GNP as it was in 1950?

 

 

3.Which decade, after World War II, saw the largest increase in actual dollar outlays for defense?

 

 

4.By approximately what percentage of the federal budget did the defense budget increase from 1950 to 1960? By roughly what percentage did it decrease from 1970 to 1980? By what percentage did it increase from 1980 to 1990? By about what percentage did it decrease from 1990 to 1999?

1. 1970

2. 1980

3. 1980–1990

4.

1950–1960: +20% 1970–1980: –20% 1980–1990: +5% 1990–1999: –10%

1.__________Popular name for the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act that provided education and economic assistance to former soldiers

2.__________Shorthand name for the southern and western regions of the United States that experienced the highest rates of growth after World War II

3.__________New York suburb where postwar builders pioneered the techniques of mass home construction

4.__________Term for the dramatic rise in U.S. births that began immediately after World War II

5.__________Big Three wartime conference that later became the focus of charges that Roosevelt had sold out Eastern Europe to the Soviet communists

1. How did Kennan explain “the sources of Soviet conduct?

2. What strategies did he propose for implementing the policy of containment?

3. What did Kennan see as the outcome of containment?

The Korean War

End of WWII-

Japan loses Korea.

It is divided between America and the Soviet Union

(at the 38th Parallel)

The Soviets install a communist government in the North

America occupied the South

America remained until June 1949 (when communists took over China)

• June 25,1950Communist N. Korea

invaded South Korea.

- 90,000 troops

- Capture the capital of South Korea in days

(Seoul)

-Moved towards Pusan

Truman did not declare war, but the US headed up a joint UN peace keeping army to free Korea

Under the command of General Douglas MacArthur-

At Pusan, he decided to attack a weak North Korea

The Battle of Inchon BaySept 1950

Communist forces are captured

N. Korea retreats past the 38th Parallel

MacArthur wanted to push the Communists out of N. Korea

• Truman allows him

to invade N. Korea

As the US gets near the China Border, China

warns the US to stop or they will get involved in

the war

MacArthur did not believe the Chinese

November 25th, 1950 • China invades N. Korea, surprising the American forces

(400,000 plus men)

• American forces begin a retreat past the 38th parallel and Seoul

• 1951 -

MacArthur calls for an invasion of China and the power to use nukes to stop the Chinese from interfering

• Truman fires MacArthur for insubordination

1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower is elected PresidentHe promises to end the war!

• A hero of WWII

• Opens peace talks with the N. Koreans & China

• Threatens use of nukes when peace talks fail

• Coupled with the death of Joseph Stalin, peace is settled.

• July 27th, 1953

The Korean War is over

The Korean War was a stalemate, but we claimed a victory over Communism!

• Korea was forever divided at the 38th Parallel

• North Korea remained Communist

• South Korea will forever be occupied by US.

• Hostilities continue today between these nations

Map DiscriminationUsing the maps and charts in Chapter 36, answer the following questions.

1. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which of the Big Four had the smallest occupation zone in postwar Germany? 2. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which of the three Western occupation zones was closest to Berlin? 3. Postwar Partition of Germany: Which two other nations did the American occupation zone border on? 4.The Shifting Front in Korea: When General MacArthur attacked at Inchon, did he land above or below the thirty-eighth parallel?

5. The Shifting Front in Korea: Besides China, what other nation bordering North Korea presented a potential threat to American forces? 6. The Shifting Front in Korea: After the armistice—signed on July 27, 1953—which of the two Koreas had made very slight territorial gains in the Korean War?

1. France2. British3. Austria and Czechoslovakia4. below5. U.S.S.R.6. South Korea

An arms race was created to build the biggest bombAn arms race was created to build the biggest bomb

• 1952 - 1952 -

The US introduced the The US introduced the Hydrogen BombHydrogen Bomb

1000x’s more powerful than 1000x’s more powerful than HiroshimaHiroshima

1953 -

Russia followed with its versionA new fear of Russian

superiority gripped America

Eisenhower decides the best solution to Eisenhower decides the best solution to war is using nuclear weapons - less loss war is using nuclear weapons - less loss

of lifeof life““bigger bang for the buck!”bigger bang for the buck!”

New US policy: New US policy: Massive retaliation - respond to Soviet Massive retaliation - respond to Soviet

aggression with crushing force = nukes!aggression with crushing force = nukes!

This idea creates brinkmanship:This idea creates brinkmanship:

He who has the most bombs….Wins!He who has the most bombs….Wins!

This policy continues today in the Far East This policy continues today in the Far East and Mid-Eastand Mid-East

Russia’s Joseph Stalin dies (1953)and is replaced with Nikita Khrushchev!

Did you know…Stalin was mummified and placed on display for the Russian people until 1961 when he was finally buried.

Vladimir Lenin’s body is still displayed.He died in 1924.

11.__________The new anti-Soviet organization of Western nations that ended the long-time American tradition of not joining permanent military alliances

12.__________Jiang Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) pro-American forces, which lost the Chinese civil war to Mao Zedong’s (Mao Tse-tung’s) communists in 1949

13.__________Key U.S. government memorandum that militarized American foreign policy and indicated national faith in the economy’s capacity to sustain large military expenditures

14.__________U.S. House of Representatives committee that took the lead in investigating alleged procommunist agents such as Alger Hiss

15.__________The dividing line between North and South Korea, across which the fighting between communists and United Nations forces ebbed and flowed during the Korean War

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLCF7vPanrY

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNYe_UaWZ3U&sns=em

Understanding The Suez Canal Crisis….

July, 1956The US and England promised

to fund a dam built in Egypt

The US decided not to help.

Angry, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal -an important waterway to all

Middle East nations

• England, Israel and France planned to invade Egypt to stop Nasser from talking to

Communist China

The US tried to Israel to reconsider, but they would not listen.

Tensions ran high for several months.

The US dispatched one aircraft carrier, one battleship and one cruiser to the region.

October 1956 - Egypt was attacked by England, France and Israel.

Russia threatened to get involved (China) and use whatever force necessary

to stop the action against Egypt

…”if those fellows start something, we may have to hit ‘em and, if necessary, with everything in the bucket.”

The United States prepared for conflict while negotiations were under way

to solve the problem

The English and French pulled back, but Russia continued its threat, causing the US dispatched several Naval ships

and troops to the area.

This caused Russia to back down.

The UN began peaceful talks between all parties.

The crisis was averted.

President Eisenhower

The day the world changed…. October 4, 1957

Russia launched the first satellite into orbit around the

EarthSputnik I

America created The National Defense

Education Act- focused education on

science and mathematics

The US also created NASA

(National Aeronautic and Space Agency)

(Sputnik II was launched a month later with Likita the Dog - She gave her life for

science because they didn’t figure out how to

bring the home!

A New Red Scare!A New Red Scare!

At home, Americans At home, Americans began to fear the began to fear the

Russian again leading Russian again leading to persecution of to persecution of

innocent Americansinnocent Americans

The 50’s would be The 50’s would be paranoid over the paranoid over the

possibility of possibility of infiltration by the infiltration by the

Communists Communists

HUAC searches for subversives!HUAC searches for subversives!

• 1938 - 19751938 - 1975

Looked for people who spoke Looked for people who spoke out against American idealsout against American ideals

• They attacked Hollywood for They attacked Hollywood for alleged communist alleged communist

propaganda and influence in propaganda and influence in the motion picture industrythe motion picture industry

• The Hollywood Ten - The Hollywood Ten -

Actors, directors and writers Actors, directors and writers who refused to testify before who refused to testify before

CongressCongress

Who am I?Who am I?

Who am I?Who am I?

Who am I?Who am I?

Ronald ReaganRonald Reagan

Arthur MillerArthur Miller

LangstonLangstonHughesHughes

• The H10 were banned for the The H10 were banned for the industry for life (1978) - industry for life (1978) -

blacklistedblacklisted(over 300 people would be boycotted

including Charlie Chaplin and Humphrey Bogart)

In response to the investigations, many In response to the investigations, many studios began producingstudios began producing

Anti-communist and Anti-Soviet filmsAnti-communist and Anti-Soviet films

The Red Menace, The Red Danube, The Red Menace, The Red Danube, I Married a Communist, Red Planet I Married a Communist, Red Planet

Mars, Mars, I Was A Communist for the FBI, I Was A Communist for the FBI, Invasion of the Body SnatchersInvasion of the Body Snatchers

Spies among us……Spies among us……

Alger Hiss - Alger Hiss -

• Was convicted of lying under oathWas convicted of lying under oath

• Said he had been framedSaid he had been framed

• The Pumpkin Papers revealed war The Pumpkin Papers revealed war time documents (from pre-WWII)time documents (from pre-WWII)

• Hiss went to jail for 5 yearsHiss went to jail for 5 years

Hiss (circled) at Chamber’s HUAC TrialHiss (circled) at Chamber’s HUAC Trial

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

• Was convicted selling nuclear secrets Was convicted selling nuclear secrets to the Soviets to the Soviets

• Never confessed to the crime Never confessed to the crime (convicted on another spy’s word)(convicted on another spy’s word)

• Were both electrocuted (in NY)Were both electrocuted (in NY)

• Ethel was the first woman to die by Ethel was the first woman to die by electric chairelectric chair

Senator Joseph McCarthy….Senator Joseph McCarthy…. Communist Hunter! Communist Hunter!

McCarthyismMcCarthyism

• Feb. 1950Feb. 1950

McCarthy claims he has the McCarthy claims he has the

names of 205 Communistsnames of 205 Communists

working in the US govt.working in the US govt.

He begins a political witch hunt He begins a political witch hunt using Congress as his forumusing Congress as his forum

(Arthur Miller -The Crucible)(Arthur Miller -The Crucible)

McCarthy never produced the list of supposed Communists.McCarthy never produced the list of supposed Communists.How many were on the list…200, uhhhh..57, uhhhh…125, uhhhh…a lot!How many were on the list…200, uhhhh..57, uhhhh…125, uhhhh…a lot!

Think politicians only lie today….

Joseph McCarthy was nicked named “Tailgunner Joe” for serving as a gunner on an airplane during WWII. The closest he ever got to a tailgun… was looking at it (observer).

His Distinguished Service Cross…

he forged the papers himself.

• McCarthy accused McCarthy accused hundreds of people and hundreds of people and

ruined their livesruined their lives

• President Eisenhower President Eisenhower denounced his actions and denounced his actions and

wanted the Senate to wanted the Senate to censure himcensure him

So what finally stopped So what finally stopped McCarthy?McCarthy?

TELEVISION!TELEVISION!

McCarthy first reveals his list… At a Ladie’s Rotary meeting!

• 1955 - His live televised trials 1955 - His live televised trials showed his relentless tactics that showed his relentless tactics that

Americans didn’t likeAmericans didn’t like(He Bullied witnesses, manipulated the(He Bullied witnesses, manipulated the

truth and embarrassed innocent people)truth and embarrassed innocent people)

Congress finally censured himCongress finally censured him

(reprimanded and ordered him to stop)(reprimanded and ordered him to stop)

In the end, he failed to produce In the end, he failed to produce

ONE single communistONE single communist . .

He died from alcoholism in 1957

1. ___ Benjamin Spock

2. ___ Hermann Goering

3. ___ Joseph Stalin

4. ___ Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

5. ___ Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

6. ___ George F. Kennan

7. ___ Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung)

8. ___ George C. Marshall

9. ___ J. Robert Oppenheimer

10.___ Reinhold Niebuhr

11. ___ Richard Nixon

12.___ Joseph McCarthy

13.___ Henry A. Wallace

14.___ Strom Thurmond

15.___ Douglas MacArthur

Chapter 361.Explain the causes and consequences of the post-World War II economic boom.

2.Describe the postwar migrations to the “Sunbelt” and the suburbs.

3.Explain changes in American society and culture brought about by the “baby boom.”

4.Explain the growth of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union after Germany’s defeat and Truman’s accession to the presidency.

5.Describe the early Cold War conflicts over Germany and Eastern Europe, and the failure of the United Nations to resolve Soviet-American tensions.

6.Discuss American efforts to “contain” the Soviets through the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO.

7.Describe the growing concern about Soviet spying and internal Communist subversion, and climate of fear it engendered.

8.Describe the expansion of the Cold War to East Asia, including the Chinese Communist revolution and the Korean War.