Purposes of the Lubrication System - WordPress.com · 2016-04-29 · Purposes of the Lubrication...
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Purposes of the Lubrication System
#1 – Minimize wear and power loss from friction
#2 – Acts a coolant
#4 – Absorbs shock between moving parts
#5 – Acts as a sealant between parts
#3 - Cleans
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Where does all our oil come from? (DNEWS)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkaplHQp2n0
HYDRAULIC
FRACTURING
TAR SANDS
(OIL SANDS)
SHALE OIL
DRILLING
&
MINING
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Properties of Oil
#1 – Viscosity – resistance to flow
#2 – Resistance to Carbon Formation
#3 – Corrosion and Rust Inhibitors
#4 – Foaming Resistance
#5 - Detergents
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Viscosity Ratings
Viscosity – The Resistance to rate of flow!
Viscosity Ratings
Single Viscosity Oil
SAE 5
SAE 10
SAE 15
SAE 20
SAE 90
SAE 100
SAE 120
SAE – Society of Automobile Engineers
Multi Viscosity Oil
SAE 5W - 30
SAE 10W – 30
SAE 15W – 40
SAE 20W – 50
W – means “Winter”
(Tested at 0°F -18°C)
No W – Tested at 210°F 99°C
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API (American Petroleum Institute) Service Ratings
A rating based on the application of service which the oil is designed for !
SA
SB
SC
SD
SE
SJ
SK
SL
SM
SN
Light Duty (Obsolete)
Heavy Duty (Modern)
Diesel API Service Ratings start the Letter C ex. CA, CB etc.
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Service Ratings
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VISCOSITY INDEX (VI)
How much viscosity changes
over a range of temperatures
High VI means that the oil does not change in
thickness very much from cold to hot.
Thin enough for cold cranking
Thick enough for high temperatures
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High Temperature decreases
Viscosity (gets thinner)
Low Temperature increases
Viscosity (gets thicker)
Viscosity Index Improvers help reduce this
reaction
Synthetic (Man Made) Oils have a high Viscosity
Index
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VISCOSITY INDEX (VI) Explanation
Viscosity modifiers are polymeric molecules that are
sensitive to temperature. At low temperatures, the
molecule chain contracts and does not impact the fluid
viscosity. At high temperatures, the chain relaxes and
an increase in viscosity occurs
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VISCOSITY INDEX (VI) Explanation
When a person is cold, his natural reaction is to hold his arms
close to his body to retain warmth. Now imagine a crowd of cold
people, arms drawn in, moving past one another in a congested
hallway. Sure there is some congestion, but the people can still
move freely.
Now imagine the opposite. When a person is hot, he tends to
sprawl out. Picture a person holding his arms straight out from his
sides. It would be much more difficult to navigate a congested
hallway full of hot people, arms extended. Consider in this
example, the flow of people is related to the viscosity of the crowd.
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When should I change my oil?
Every 3 months
Or
Every 5000 km
The cleaner the oil system the longer your engine
will last!
Never exceed the manufacturers requirements
It is recommended to change the oil filter during each oil change
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What if my oil is low?
Oil can escape
in 3 ways from
an engine
1. Through the PCV as a mist
2. Leaking as a liquid
3. Burning in the Combustion Chamber
Oil burning in the engine creates a BLUE exhaust gas
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PCV
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Positive Crankcase Ventilation
A PCV Valve provides a oxygen to the
crankcase in order to release pressure built
up by the up and down movement of the
pistons.
This keeps the crankcase pressure at
atmospheric pressure so seals don’t blow
out from excess built up pressure.
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OTHER OILS
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There are many other oils and
lubricating devices in a vehicle such as:
Gear Oil – Some manual
transmissions, differentials & transfer
cases
Transmission Fluid
Power Steering Fluid
Brake Fluid
Grease
All of these should be checked during
an oil change.
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Methods of Lubrication
Splash
Drip
Pressure Feed
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Oil Pick Up & Screen
Oil Pan
Oil Filter
Oil Galleries
Oil Galleries
Parts of the Pressure Feed Lubrication System
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Parts of the Pressure Feed Lubrication System
Rotor Pump Gear Pump
Pressure = Resistance to Flow
Oil Pump provides flow
What are we forgetting??? OIL PUMP
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Oil Pressure Indicators
Oil Pressure Relief Valve
Parts of the Pressure Feed Lubrication System
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OIL FILTERS
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ARE THEY ALL
THE SAME???
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OIL FILTERS
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BASE
(SEAL ON BOTTOM)
ANTI-DRAIN BACK
VALVE
BYPASS VALVE
(SPRING)
FILTER ELEMENT
OUTER CASING
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OIL FILTERS
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OIL FILTERS
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Oil Change
& Lube