Purity Committee Chair: Adriel Garay, Oregon, USA Vice-Chair: Jane Taylor, United Kingdom

Committee Report: 2012 – 2013

Chair: 1. Adriel Garay US Vice-chair: 2. Elizabeth Jane Taylor UK Members: 3. Gerarda de Boer NL 4. Fabio Ferrari IT 5. Deborah Meyer US 6. Andreas Ratzenboeck AU 7. Zita Ripka HU 8. Augusto Martinelli AR 9. Andrea Jonitz DE 10. Pernilla Anderson SW 11. Ruojing Wang CA 12. Maria Elena Duter NZ 13. Charan Jeet (CJ) Mehta IN 14. Myriam Alvisi BR 15. Kepha Oganda KE

PURITY COMMITTEE 2010-2013

Changes to purity committee

Many thanks to members who are leaving the committee in 2013:

• Fabio Ferrari IT • Andreas Ratzenboeck AU NEW MEMBERS 2013-2016 Dot Vitrup Pederson DK Karima Boudeheri FR

Chair: 1. Elizabeth Jane Taylor UK Vice-chair: 2. Gerarda de Boer NL Members: 3. Ruojing Wang CA 4. Deborah Meyer US 5. Zita Ripka HU 6. Augusto Martinelli AR 7. Andrea Jonitz DE 8. Pernilla Anderson SW 9. Maria Elena Duter NZ 10. Charan Jeet (CJ) Mehta IN 11. Myriam Alvisi BR 12. Kepha Oganda KE 13. Adriel Garay US 14. Dot Vittrup Pederson DK 15. Karima Boudeheri FR

PURITY COMMITTEE 2013-2016

Project areas:

• New Methods: Uniform Blowing Procedure • New Technologies/Equipment for Purity Testing • Universal List and Images • Tropical Seed Images • Workshop - Ankara • Questions to the Purity Committee and

possible rules proposal 2014

A1. New Methods:

Uniform Blowing Procedures: There is interest of ISTA members to adopt the AOSA method. Goals: Finish comparing AOSA and ISTA procedures and submit rule proposal in 2013 Working Group Leader: Gerarda de Boer; Collaborators: Ruojing Wang, Adriel Garay, Pernille Hvolbol Jensen, Dot Vittrup Pederson, Karima Boudehri

New technologies/equipment needed for purity testing

Variability in Calibration Samples

Positive Features of New AOSA Procedure

Date - Presenter Name

Use of air velocity for daily monitoring of correct point

Basic Principle • Use the optimum blowing point established during the blower

calibration to set the air-gate opening.

• Pure seed (heavy fraction) is separated from the inert matter (light fraction) by air flowing through the blower tube.

Purity working sample of orchardgrass.

After UBP, pure seed (heavy fraction) on left and inert matter (light fraction) on right.

Results with Master Calibration Samples

• Uniform separation of pure seed and inert matter of ten orchardgrass samples with different levels of inert matter content across seven blowers using the air velocity calibration method.

Pure Seed results with and without factoring in samples1&2

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Pure

seed

(%)

Laboratories Pure seed With - SD=1.14 Pure seed Without - SD=1.07

Sample 1

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Pure

seed

(%)

Laboratories Pure seed With - SD=0.35 Pure seed Without - SD=0.34

Sample 2

Purity and Germination of Orchardgrass using AOSA-MCS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

75

80

85

90

95

100

1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221

Gen

erat

ion

(%)

Puri

ty (%

)

Samples

AOSA- 2010

Germination

Purity

SD=2.8

Comparison of AOSA-ISTA Calibration Samples for Orchardgrass in USA and Canada

System Date cal. sample production Wt. sample (g) Air-gate opening EAV (m/s) Remarks

ISTA - SCS 2009 2.9413 13.45 2.5 ± 0.1 ISTA calibration sample Ref. #4 6

AOSA - MCS 2010 3.1943 15.1 3.0 ± 0.1 Received from AOSA June 2010 Ref. 14

ISTA - SCS 1985 3.1120 14.1 2.1 Monthly calibration requirement

using SCS takes time and not frequent enough

AOSA - MCS 2006 3.1955 16.1 2.7 Using EAV monitor the blower daily. The point has not changed in 5 years.

ISTA - SCS 2007 3,044 15.4 2.3 Cal Sample #39

AOSA - MCS 2002 3,189 17.8 2.7 MCS #20

Comparison of AOSA-ISTA Calibration Samples for Orchardgrass in Europe

LAB: SNES GEVES (France)

System

Date of calibration

sample

Weight of calibration

Air-gate opening Equivalent

Remarks*

production Sample (g) (e.g., 12.6,13.1)

Air Velocity, m/s

ISTA June 2008 1.509 15.4 2.3

AOSA 2002 3.017 16.7 2.7

LAB: DLF Trifolium A/S

ISTA 1985 3.0033 12.4 2.2 Type of

blower: No 4 SKU 271

AOSA 2002 3.0172 13.1 2.3 Type of

blower: No 4 SKU 271

Comparison of AOSA-ISTA Calibration Samples for Orchardgrass in Europe

System

Date of calibration

sample

Weight of calibration

Air-gate opening Equivalent

Remarks*

production Sample (g) (e.g., 12.6,13.1)

Air Velocity, m/s

LAB: NAK (The Netherlands)

ISTA 2003.

recalibrated in 2006

3.0324 14 2.6 Blower type: HMC 67 L

AOSA 2002 3.0033 15.6 3.0 Blower type: HMC 67 L

LAB: Swedish Board of Agriculture, Seed Division

ISTA 2005 3.0829 12.7 2.6

AOSA 2002 3.0152 13.7 2.9

Actions Needed: • There is a rule proposal to start using the air velocity to

monitor the blowing point.

• Continue working to harmonize the ISTA and AOSA calibration samples

• Investigate if other blowers can be used for standard blowing procedures.

Seed Scanner

Uniform Blowing Procedure (UBP)

Date - Presenter Name

Example of Separations in Clover seeds:

a) Light-weight immature, damaged seeds b) Medium-heavy weight select seeds

a

b

Seed Determinations using Ergovision System

Advantages: Ergonomic work position High quality focus-resolution Fiber optic light High output

Digital X-ray to distinguish filled seeds from unfilled seed structures

Elizabeth Jane Taylor Chief Officer of Official Seed Testing Station for England and Wales

Purity Chair 2013-2016

Images for universal list Zita Ripka et. al.

• Presently working on the seed descriptions and images

• Project is close to, or in its last phase

• See test sheet

Handbook on Tropical Species Myriam Alvisi and collaborators • Project Team: Myriam Alvisi in the Ministry of

Agriculture in LASO-Minas Gerais in cooperation with Drs. Angela Tillman and Doris Groth of UFPel, Brasil and Augusto Martinelli in Argentina, Kepha Oganda, Kenya

• List will include approximately 75 species • Images of tropical seed species • Expected completion date is 2013 or 2014

Example of Image Quality

Fonte: Groth, 1984, Kissmann e Groth, 2000, Brasil (2009).

Importance: weeds of pastures of different cultures, being too aggressive in fertile soils.

Origin and Distribution: native to tropical America, now distributed in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the Americas occurs in the southern U.S. to Argentina. In Brazil it occurs in all states, with higher concentrations in the Amazon, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and northern Paraná.

Synonyms: Sida rotundifolia Lam; Sida herbaceae Dias, Sida tomentosa Vell.; Sida multiflora Cav.

Prepared by: Maria izabel Furst Gonçalves e Fernanda Cássia de Oliveira (LASO-MG) em 16.04.2012 Fotos: Ronaldo Sanches ALA. - Lanagro-MG/Mapa - Brazil

Latin name: Sida cordifolia L.

Family: Malvaceae

Dispersal units: mericarp (segment of fruit with one seed)

Size: 3,0 - 3,5 mm (except awns) Description:

Mericarp trigones, 3,0-3,5 x 2,2-2,3 x 1,2-1,5mm, dull, faces and dorsum straw yellow with slightly darker sculptures. Long awns and apical cleft pale to redish-brown. Botanical seeds, trigone globosas, 2,0 - 2,2 x 1,5-1,7 x 1,0-1,1mm, redish brown to dark brown. Remarkable characteristics: Long awns (2.5 to 2.8 mm) and divergent, with the simple long, white-translucent.

SPECIES DETAILS

WORKSHOP 6-9 June 2013

• ISTA PURITY & GERMINATION WORKSHOP Variety Registration and Certification Center (VRCC) Meeting Hall and VRCC Laboratories Ankara, Turkey

• Many thanks to Kamil Yilmaz and all the staff • Selma Yilidrim, Mustafa Kizmaz, Havva Aydogmus provided special assistance for the preparations and the practical work.

Species included in the Workshop

PURITY §Triticum §Hordeum §Lolium §Poa §Festuca §Medicago §Trifolium §Vicia §Beta §Coated seed (Beta, Medicago)

Purity sessions

Purity on coated Beta seed and100 pellet verification

Poa pratensis - examination of 400 seeds for other Poa species

Happy workshop participants

Future workshops?

• September/October 2013, New Zealand, Bulking and Sampling committee/ Purity committee Purity seed retrieval and identification –species to be

confirmed

1. Clarification on purity percentage calculation and rounding

2. Unidentified seeds, how should they be reported?

3. Schizocarps - Reporting the number of other seeds found?

4. Double seeds in Allium when found in the purity test

5. Other Seed Determination ‘Reporting the Genus name only ‘

Questions to the Purity Committee

3.6.1.3 Rounding procedure One whole working sample Triticum aestivum

Weight Calculation % to 2 decimal

places

Adjusted %

Final % for

reporting

Other seeds 0.1 0.07 0.1 0.1 Inert matter 0.2 0.15 0.2 0.2 Pure seed 125.5 99.76 99.8 99.7 Total 125.8 99.98 100.1 100.0

If the sum does not = 100.0% (either 99.9 or 100.1%), add or subtract 0.1% from the largest value (normally the pure seed)

Rules Proposal for 2014? Need to clarify the rounding procedure for

components where the second decimal place figure is 0.05 or more the component is rounded up.

3.6.1.3 Rounding procedure • Add together the percentages of all fractions. Fractions that

are to be reported as a ‘trace’ (see 3.7) are excluded from this calculation; the other fractions must then together total 100.0%. For fractions where the second decimal place figure is 0.05 or more the fraction is rounded up. If then after rounding to one decimal place the sum does not equal 100.0% (either 99.9 or 100.1%), add or subtract 0.1% from the largest value (normally the pure seed fraction).

If a correction of more than 0.1% is necessary, check for a calculation error.

What to do? How to report?

• Report them as the number of seeds in the specified family?

e.g. 2 seeds of Poaceae family. • 3 Unidentified seeds of (Amaranthaceae or

Chenopodiaceae family? to be confirmed) • 2 Unidentified seeds (family not confirmed)

Unidentified seeds?

Unidentified seeds?

•Options for follow up actions: •Send seeds and / or images to the Purity Committee or another laboratory to try to get a positive identification

•Grown on the seeds to get an ID from the plants?

Unidentified seed?

Reported as: 13 seeds of Euphorbiaceae family

Schizocarps? PSD 15 & Other Seed Classification 3.2.2? • In Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) seeds can be found as schizocarps and mericarps.

QUESTIONS: 1. Five schizocarps of Ammi sp. (PSD is NOT included in the ISTA Rules) have been found: how many seeds do you report: 5 or ten? Why? 2. Five schizocarps of Daucus carota (PSD is included in the ISTA Rules) have been found: how many seeds do you report: 5 or ten? Why?

Schizocarp

Amend Allium PSD10 and 3.2.2? Proposals for 2014?

ISTA PSD 10 =

• Seed, with or without testa

• Piece of seed larger than one half, with or without testa

The fruit of Allium is a dry dehiscent capsule containing three chambers, usually with two ovules per chamber. At maturity the pairs of seeds in each chamber may adhere together. While most Allium seed pairs separate naturally during seed conditioning, some do not.

Amend Allium PSD10 and 3.2.2? Proposals for 2014?

In the AOSA rules, the PSU is described as “Pairs of Allium spp. adhering together need not be separated”

• Should ISTA adopt a similar proposal? • Is an exception needed in 3.2.2 Other seeds? • Need to liaise with the germination committee.

Other Seed Determination Reporting the Genus name only Current Guidance in Chapter 4 under 4.3 ‘…….When seeds cannot be identified with certainty to

the species level it is permitted to report the genus name only.’

Suggestions to improve wording in 4.7 Reporting results, by adding the same wording as in 3.7: Where it is impossible to determine the species with

certainty on the basis of seed characteristics, the genus name only must be reported (e.g. Malus sp.)

Thank you for your attention, time for questions?