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Transcript of Puritanism. This religion profoundly affected every aspect of their lives- political organizations,...
Puritanism
This religion profoundly affected every aspect of their lives- political organizations, attitudes, literature and dress.
They lived under a theocracy (a society in which the rules of the church were the basis of the law)
No dissent was allowed- those that did were whipped or tortured
Puritan beliefs
GOD-
Good Just but wrathfulBeyond man’s understandingOmnipotent ( all-powerful), and
omniscient (all-knowing)
MAN’S BASIC NATURE-
Originally GOOD, when first created and put in the Garden of Eden
But ever since the Original Sin of Adam and Eve, man’s basic nature as been EVIL (prone to sinfulness)
MAN’S WILL
Man’s will is not free The individual’s life and his destiny
beyond life are TOTALLY PREDESTINED BY GOD
Whatever happened to man that was evil was a result of his sinfulness
MAN’S DESTINY
Predestination- belief that all things are controlled beforehand by the will of God
Eternal damnation to Hell for nearly all
Salvation (heaven) for a very few “elected” by God to be spared
MAN’S KNOWLEDGE OF HIS DESTINY NONE The individual has no way of knowing
whether he is one of the great majority already predestined to Hell or whether he is one of the very few elected to be saved
One’s final destiny is NOT determined by his own “good works” or his own evil (you could not earn salvation)
However, it was assumed God probably predestined the elected ones to goodness in this life (rulers, ministers, governors, etc.)
It was thought that this state of Grace was accompanied by an inner consciousness of it, an intense feeling of “election and sure calling”
MAN’S DUTYMan’s duty is to glorify God
through “good works”
“Good works” meant industriousness, laboring hard and well at whatever it is that one does in life
Characteristics of Puritanism
The community was preoccupied with punishing and wiping out all evidences of sinfulness
Rules of morality and behavior were extremely strict No play on Sundays, relations between the sexes
were severely scrutinized, adultery was punishable by death
Pleasure as an aim in life was frowned on
A good life was one devoted to work, duty and service to God
Punishments for crimes were severe- petty theft could be punished by death; public whipping for unreligious remarks/disrespect for elders
Public punishment was a warning to deter others from straying from righteousness
Puritan Doctrine
Puritanism stressed: Intellect Simplicity Restraint Obedience to
established authority Pessimism (negative
feelings) Rigid order
Puritanism avoided Emotion Ornamentation Exuberance Individual freedom Optimism
Flexibility
Political Views Outspoken about human rights Interested in doctrines of
Communism 1947- investigated by the House-Un
American Activities Committee
Denied being under Communist influence but refused to name others who had attended Communist inspired meetings
1957-was convicted of contempt of Congress
One year later- decision was reversed
1692
20 people were executed as a
result of the witch trials Documents from these are the basis
for the play They tried the sinfulness of man
against the righteousness of God
The play was first produced in 1953, but only ran a few months because of controversial views
1958- reopened and was a great success
The Crucible a severe test
Allegory- persons and objects in the story represent meanings outside the story
The Crucible is an allegory of the McCarthy Era
Miller believed the paranoia about Communist infiltration was a reflection of the paranoia surrounding the Salem Witch trials
McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy was thought of as the worst senator in Washington
He needed something to keep his political boat from sinking.
He found that something in some obsolete documents of investigations of Communists in government jobs.
He named 205 people as members of a Communist spy ring
McCarthyism
His real evidence against these people was a bottle of bourbon in his briefcase
McCarthysim in 1950 meant a patriotic stand against Communism
Now it means a smear campaign of groundless accusations from which the accused cannot escape because professions of innocence become admissions of guilt
And only confessions are accepted.