PURITAN/COLONIAL PURITAN/COLONIAL LITERATURELITERATURE

NOTESNOTES

WHY DO WE BOTHER READING THIS?WHY DO WE BOTHER READING THIS?

o AS THE FIRST COLONISTS, THEY LAID THE AS THE FIRST COLONISTS, THEY LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR OUR AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR OUR AMERICAN CHARACTERCHARACTER

MORAL, ETHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS MORAL, ETHICAL, AND RELIGIOUS CONVICTIONS CONVICTIONS

PURITAN VALUES ARE PART OF OUR PURITAN VALUES ARE PART OF OUR AMERICAN CHARACTERISTICSAMERICAN CHARACTERISTICS

PURITAN VALUESPURITAN VALUES

SELF RELIANCESELF RELIANCE INDUSTRIOUSNESSINDUSTRIOUSNESS SIMPLICITY IN ALL THINGSSIMPLICITY IN ALL THINGS

LANGUAGELANGUAGE CLOTHINGCLOTHING LIFESTYLELIFESTYLE

TEMPERANCETEMPERANCE MODERATION WITH ALCOHOL AND FOODMODERATION WITH ALCOHOL AND FOOD

A BRIEF HISTORY OF A BRIEF HISTORY OF PURITANS AND THEIR BELIEFSPURITANS AND THEIR BELIEFS

THE TERM THE TERM PURITANPURITAN REFERS TO A GROUP OF REFERS TO A GROUP OF PROTESTANT REFORMERS WHO SOUGHT TO PROTESTANT REFORMERS WHO SOUGHT TO PURIFY THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND (NAT’L PURIFY THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND (NAT’L GOV’T RELIGION OF ENGLAND—HEADED BY GOV’T RELIGION OF ENGLAND—HEADED BY KING/QUEEN). KING/QUEEN).

EVENTUALLY SOUGHT TO SEPARATE THE CHURCH EVENTUALLY SOUGHT TO SEPARATE THE CHURCH FROM THE GOV’T COMPLETELYFROM THE GOV’T COMPLETELY

FACED PERSECUTION AND TORTURE IN ENGLAND FACED PERSECUTION AND TORTURE IN ENGLAND FOR TREASONFOR TREASON

They called themselves They called themselves pilgrimspilgrims Pilgrim: one who goes on a physical or spiritual journey to a holy Pilgrim: one who goes on a physical or spiritual journey to a holy

place for the purposes of salvationplace for the purposes of salvation

Why did the Puritans come to the Why did the Puritans come to the Colonies?Colonies?

WANTED A SIMPLER FORM OF WANTED A SIMPLER FORM OF WORSHIPWORSHIP

WANTED TO FOCUS ON THE WANTED TO FOCUS ON THE INDIVIDUAL RELATIONSHIP WITH GODINDIVIDUAL RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD

WANTED TO EXPUNGE ALL WANTED TO EXPUNGE ALL CORRUPTION FROM THE CHURCHCORRUPTION FROM THE CHURCH

Arrival in American ColoniesArrival in American Colonies

Led by Bradford, the Separatists, a group of Led by Bradford, the Separatists, a group of pilgrims, try to find religious freedom in Holland pilgrims, try to find religious freedom in Holland

Left Holland after 12 years for American ColoniesLeft Holland after 12 years for American Colonies Bradford is elected governor of Massachusetts Bay Bradford is elected governor of Massachusetts Bay

Colony in 1621—held position for next 30 yearsColony in 1621—held position for next 30 years Wrote “Of Plymouth Plantation” for the express Wrote “Of Plymouth Plantation” for the express

purpose of inspiring future generations of Puritanspurpose of inspiring future generations of Puritans Understanding what their ancestors had endured for religious Understanding what their ancestors had endured for religious

freedomfreedom Maintain the faith Maintain the faith

KEY BELIEFS KEY BELIEFS

PROVIDENCE: DIVINE DIRECTION OR PROVIDENCE: DIVINE DIRECTION OR GUIDANCE; THE WILL OF GODGUIDANCE; THE WILL OF GOD BRADFORD ATTRIBUTES SEVERAL BRADFORD ATTRIBUTES SEVERAL

EVENTS, BOTH GOOD AND BAD, TO EVENTS, BOTH GOOD AND BAD, TO PROVIDENCEPROVIDENCE

SQUANTO’S ARRIVALSQUANTO’S ARRIVAL DEATH OF THE PROFANE SAILOR AND THE DEATH OF THE PROFANE SAILOR AND THE

RESCUE OF HOWLANDRESCUE OF HOWLAND

Key BeliefsKey Beliefs

PREDESTINATION: The doctrine that God has PREDESTINATION: The doctrine that God has foreordained all things, especially that God has foreordained all things, especially that God has elected certain souls to eternal salvation.elected certain souls to eternal salvation.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fy1IOIlpKaw THIS WAS ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT FOR PURITANS, THIS WAS ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT FOR PURITANS,

BECAUSE THEY NEVER REALLY KNEW IF THEY BECAUSE THEY NEVER REALLY KNEW IF THEY WERE SAVED OR DAMNEDWERE SAVED OR DAMNED

IF YOU WERE SAVED….IF YOU WERE SAVED…. YOU WOULD “FEEL” GOD’S GRACEYOU WOULD “FEEL” GOD’S GRACE YOUR OUTWARD BEHAVIOR WOULD BE A LIVING YOUR OUTWARD BEHAVIOR WOULD BE A LIVING

MANIFESTATION OF GOD’S GRACE—YOU ARE “REBORN” MANIFESTATION OF GOD’S GRACE—YOU ARE “REBORN” AND BEHAVE LIKE A SAINTAND BEHAVE LIKE A SAINT

Problems with Predestination?Problems with Predestination?

SINCE NO ONE EVER REALLY KNEW IF SINCE NO ONE EVER REALLY KNEW IF THEY WERE SAVED OR DAMNED, SOME THEY WERE SAVED OR DAMNED, SOME WOULD “FAKE IT” FOR THEIR WOULD “FAKE IT” FOR THEIR NEIGHBORSNEIGHBORS LED TO CLOSE SPIRITUAL EXAMINATION LED TO CLOSE SPIRITUAL EXAMINATION

OF DAILY LIFE, LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE OF DAILY LIFE, LOOKING FOR EVIDENCE OF GOD’S GRACEOF GOD’S GRACE

ALSO LED TO THE JUDGING OF OTHERS ALSO LED TO THE JUDGING OF OTHERS AND THE CONCERN ABOUT HOW YOUR AND THE CONCERN ABOUT HOW YOUR NEIGHBORS PERCEIVED YOUNEIGHBORS PERCEIVED YOU

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PURITAN WRITINGPURITAN WRITING

BORING…DRY…BLAH!BORING…DRY…BLAH! WHY?WHY?

USED GENEVA BIBLE AS A MODEL USED GENEVA BIBLE AS A MODEL DIRECT, SIMPLE LANGUAGEDIRECT, SIMPLE LANGUAGE DID NOT UTILIZE METAPHOR OR ANY OTHER DID NOT UTILIZE METAPHOR OR ANY OTHER

FIGURES OF SPEECHFIGURES OF SPEECH PLAIN STYLEPLAIN STYLE STRESSED CLARITY OF EXPRESSION STRESSED CLARITY OF EXPRESSION

AND AVOIDED COMPLICATED FIGURES OF SPEECHAND AVOIDED COMPLICATED FIGURES OF SPEECH

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF PURITAN WRITINGPURITAN WRITING

SAW EACH INDIVIDUAL LIFE AS A JOURNEY TO SAW EACH INDIVIDUAL LIFE AS A JOURNEY TO SALVATION (OR DAMNATION) AND DREW SALVATION (OR DAMNATION) AND DREW PARALLELS BETWEEN THEIR OWN LIVES AND PARALLELS BETWEEN THEIR OWN LIVES AND STORIES IN THE BIBLESTORIES IN THE BIBLE EXPLORED BOTH THEIR INNER, PERSONAL EXPLORED BOTH THEIR INNER, PERSONAL

RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD AND THEIR OUTWARD RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD AND THEIR OUTWARD BEHAVIOR FOR SIGNS OF GOD’S GRACEBEHAVIOR FOR SIGNS OF GOD’S GRACE

BECAUSE THEY SPENT SO MUCH TIME IN SELF BECAUSE THEY SPENT SO MUCH TIME IN SELF REFLECTION, THEIR WRITING COMES IN 4 FORMSREFLECTION, THEIR WRITING COMES IN 4 FORMS

LETTERSLETTERS DIARIES AND JOURNALSDIARIES AND JOURNALS HISTORIESHISTORIES CAPTIVITY NARRATIVESCAPTIVITY NARRATIVES

These are considered to be PRIMARY SOURCES because These are considered to be PRIMARY SOURCES because they offer direct, first hand knowledge of eventsthey offer direct, first hand knowledge of events

Of Plymouth PlantationOf Plymouth Plantation

Table WorkTable Work With your table, discuss the nature of the treaty With your table, discuss the nature of the treaty

between the Puritans and the Native Americans. between the Puritans and the Native Americans. This treaty clearly favors the Puritans—how so? This treaty clearly favors the Puritans—how so? Rewrite the treaty to be equally favorable to the Rewrite the treaty to be equally favorable to the Native Americans.Native Americans.

TURN IN TABLE WORK BY END OF MOD!TURN IN TABLE WORK BY END OF MOD!

Mary RowlandsonMary Rowlandson

BackgroundBackground King Phillip’s War: 1675-1678King Phillip’s War: 1675-1678

Phillip=Metacomet, Chief of Wampanoag Phillip=Metacomet, Chief of Wampanoag First Indian War after treaty between Bradford and First Indian War after treaty between Bradford and

Squanto in 1621Squanto in 1621 Rowlandson—wife of Puritan MinisterRowlandson—wife of Puritan Minister

Captivity lasted 11 weeksCaptivity lasted 11 weeks Credits her survival during captivity to her sustained Credits her survival during captivity to her sustained

faith in Godfaith in God

A Narrative of the CaptivityA Narrative of the Captivity Book is broken into 20 removes, or journeys, the Wampanoag took MR onBook is broken into 20 removes, or journeys, the Wampanoag took MR on

First American best sellerFirst American best seller Purpose: to thrill, to titillate, to reinforce notions of “savage Indian”Purpose: to thrill, to titillate, to reinforce notions of “savage Indian”

In what way would this benefit the colonists? In what way would this benefit the colonists? Themes in narrativeThemes in narrative

Fear and revulsion of New WorldFear and revulsion of New World How does Rowlandson learn to adapt and survive while with the How does Rowlandson learn to adapt and survive while with the

Native Americans? Where is there evidence that she does learn to Native Americans? Where is there evidence that she does learn to adapt? adapt?

In what ways does the tribe seem to allow Rowlandson some In what ways does the tribe seem to allow Rowlandson some freedom, either mental or physical, during her captivity? What freedom, either mental or physical, during her captivity? What does this tell us about her captors? does this tell us about her captors?

A Narrative of the CaptivityA Narrative of the Captivity

Table workTable work Follow Rowlandson’s changing attitudes toward her Follow Rowlandson’s changing attitudes toward her

captorscaptors During initial kidnapping and 1During initial kidnapping and 1stst &3 &3rdrd Removes Removes During 5During 5thth and 6 and 6thth Removes Removes Ashuelot ValleyAshuelot Valley

For each instance, have a marked text referenceFor each instance, have a marked text reference What do you think was the primary reason for What do you think was the primary reason for

Rowlandson’s change in attitude toward her Rowlandson’s change in attitude toward her captors? captors?

Olaudah EquianoOlaudah Equiano

Grew up in Eastern NigeriaGrew up in Eastern Nigeria Father was a tribal leader in villageFather was a tribal leader in village

Kidnapped by African slave traders at age 11Kidnapped by African slave traders at age 11 Family owned slaves too; constant fear of kidnapping and Family owned slaves too; constant fear of kidnapping and

enslavementenslavement

Enslaved first in Africa for approx. 7 months before Enslaved first in Africa for approx. 7 months before taken to the coast and sold to New World slave traderstaken to the coast and sold to New World slave traders

First taken to Barbados, then to VirginiaFirst taken to Barbados, then to Virginia

Purchased his freedom after 7 years in slaveryPurchased his freedom after 7 years in slavery Moved to England and became an active abolitionistMoved to England and became an active abolitionist

Olaudah EquianoOlaudah Equiano

The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage Two month voyage from African West Coast to Two month voyage from African West Coast to

North AmericaNorth America OvercrowdingOvercrowding Lack of foodLack of food Harsh treatmentHarsh treatment DiseaseDisease DespairDespair

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXS6JAhMe1Q

ANNE BRADSTREETANNE BRADSTREET

CONSIDERED TO BE THE FIRST EVER CONSIDERED TO BE THE FIRST EVER AMERICAN POETAMERICAN POET DAUGHTER OF PURITAN SEPARATISTS IN DAUGHTER OF PURITAN SEPARATISTS IN

ENGLANDENGLAND MARRIED AT 16 TO A PURITAN MINISTERMARRIED AT 16 TO A PURITAN MINISTER

EMIGRATED TO COLONIES AT 18EMIGRATED TO COLONIES AT 18 MOTHER OF 8MOTHER OF 8 EXPOSED TO CONTEMPORARY POETRY OF EXPOSED TO CONTEMPORARY POETRY OF

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE—ONE OF HER WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE—ONE OF HER INFLUENCESINFLUENCES

Anne BradstreetAnne Bradstreet

***POETRY WAS FROWNED ON BY THE PURITAN ***POETRY WAS FROWNED ON BY THE PURITAN COMMUNITY—IT WAS CONSIDERED TO BE AN COMMUNITY—IT WAS CONSIDERED TO BE AN IDLE VANITY THAT OPENED THE MIND TO THE IDLE VANITY THAT OPENED THE MIND TO THE DEVILDEVIL BRADSTREET’S POETRY WAS NEVER INTENDED BRADSTREET’S POETRY WAS NEVER INTENDED

FOR AN AUDIENCEFOR AN AUDIENCE SHE VIEWED POETRY AS A TOOL FOR SELF REFLECTION SHE VIEWED POETRY AS A TOOL FOR SELF REFLECTION POEMS WERE TAKEN WITHOUT HER PERMISSION BY POEMS WERE TAKEN WITHOUT HER PERMISSION BY

HER BROTHER IN LAW—HE PUBLISHED THEM IN HER BROTHER IN LAW—HE PUBLISHED THEM IN ENGLAND WITHOUT HER CONSENTENGLAND WITHOUT HER CONSENT

THE TENTH MUSE LATELY SPRUNG UP IN AMERICATHE TENTH MUSE LATELY SPRUNG UP IN AMERICA

LITERARY ELEMENTSLITERARY ELEMENTS

INVERSIONINVERSION: CHANGING THE NORMAL : CHANGING THE NORMAL WORD ORDER OF A LINE OF POETRY IN WORD ORDER OF A LINE OF POETRY IN ORDER TO ACCOMMODATE RHYME ORDER TO ACCOMMODATE RHYME SCHEME OR METERSCHEME OR METER

EXTENDED METAPHOREXTENDED METAPHOR: JUST LIKE A : JUST LIKE A REGULAR METAPHOR, BUT IT IS REGULAR METAPHOR, BUT IT IS DEVELOPED OVER SEVERAL LINES OF DEVELOPED OVER SEVERAL LINES OF POETRYPOETRY

ALLITERATIONALLITERATION: REPETITION OF : REPETITION OF CONSONANT SOUNDS AT THE BEGINNINGS CONSONANT SOUNDS AT THE BEGINNINGS OF WORDSOF WORDS

LITERARY ELEMENTSLITERARY ELEMENTS METERMETER: PATTERN OF UNSTRESSED AND STRESSED : PATTERN OF UNSTRESSED AND STRESSED

SYLLABLES IN POETRYSYLLABLES IN POETRY IAMBIAMB: A FOOT OF POETRY CHARACTERIZED BY ONE : A FOOT OF POETRY CHARACTERIZED BY ONE

UNSTRESSED SYLLABLE FOLLOWED BY A STRESSED UNSTRESSED SYLLABLE FOLLOWED BY A STRESSED SYLLABLESYLLABLE

ASSUME FIRST THAT THE POEM IS WRITTEN USING ASSUME FIRST THAT THE POEM IS WRITTEN USING IAMBS…THEN FIGURE OUT HOW MANY STRESSED IAMBS…THEN FIGURE OUT HOW MANY STRESSED SYLLABLES THERE ARE TO DETERMINE THE METERSYLLABLES THERE ARE TO DETERMINE THE METER

--3 STRESSED SYLLABLES/LINE: --3 STRESSED SYLLABLES/LINE: TRIMETERTRIMETER --4 STRESSED SYLLABLES/LINE: --4 STRESSED SYLLABLES/LINE: TETRAMETERTETRAMETER --5 STRESSED SYLLABLES/LINE: --5 STRESSED SYLLABLES/LINE: PENTAMETERPENTAMETER

RHYME SCHEMERHYME SCHEME: pattern of end rhyme used in a poem: pattern of end rhyme used in a poem Assign first line the letter “a”Assign first line the letter “a” If the second line rhymes with the first line, it is also “a”If the second line rhymes with the first line, it is also “a” If the second line doesn’t rhyme with the first, label it “b”If the second line doesn’t rhyme with the first, label it “b”

““To My Dear and Loving To My Dear and Loving Husband”Husband”

P. 139—due by end of modP. 139—due by end of mod Table work: partner up—no more than three Table work: partner up—no more than three

Read thru poemRead thru poem 1. Complete analysis of rhyme scheme and write out rhyme scheme 1. Complete analysis of rhyme scheme and write out rhyme scheme

patternpattern 2. write out first two lines of poem and scan the meter 2. write out first two lines of poem and scan the meter

(unstressed/stressed)—then determine what the meter of the poem is (unstressed/stressed)—then determine what the meter of the poem is (trimeter, tetrameter, or pentameter)(trimeter, tetrameter, or pentameter)

3. list all archaic language used in poem—and translate the archaic 3. list all archaic language used in poem—and translate the archaic language to regular Englishlanguage to regular English

4. list out three comparisons (similes or metaphors) that Bradstreet makes 4. list out three comparisons (similes or metaphors) that Bradstreet makes when comparing her lovewhen comparing her love

5. What do the last two lines of the poem mean? 5. What do the last two lines of the poem mean?

““Upon the Burning of Our House”Upon the Burning of Our House”Table Work—Partner Up and turn to p. 140Table Work—Partner Up and turn to p. 1401.1.Paraphrase (summarize in your own words) the following linesParaphrase (summarize in your own words) the following lines

1-121-12 37-4237-42 13-3613-36 43-5443-54

2.2.Write out two lines of the poem, scan them, and determine the meterWrite out two lines of the poem, scan them, and determine the meter

3.3.Write out the rhyme scheme of the poem (hint: pattern repeats in each stanza)Write out the rhyme scheme of the poem (hint: pattern repeats in each stanza)

4.4.Explain how Bradstreet feels at the end of the poem about Explain how Bradstreet feels at the end of the poem about Her attitude toward wealth and material possessionsHer attitude toward wealth and material possessions Her religious beliefs and valuesHer religious beliefs and values

5.5.Identify and explain the extended metaphor in lines 43-50. How does Identify and explain the extended metaphor in lines 43-50. How does Bradstreet continue the metaphor over 7 lines of poetry? Bradstreet continue the metaphor over 7 lines of poetry? 6.6.Find one example of…Find one example of…

1.1. AlliterationAlliteration

2.2. Visual imageryVisual imagery

3.3. Auditory imageryAuditory imagery

Edward TaylorEdward Taylor

Puritan MinisterPuritan Minister Like Bradstreet, wrote poetry for self reflectionLike Bradstreet, wrote poetry for self reflection Also wrote to instruct congregation in Puritan Also wrote to instruct congregation in Puritan

valuesvalues Never published, just shared with friends and Never published, just shared with friends and

communitycommunity

““Huswifery”Huswifery”

Definition: the business of a housewife; female Definition: the business of a housewife; female domestic economy and skilldomestic economy and skill

Compares the household task of making clothing Compares the household task of making clothing with the gift of God’s salvation.with the gift of God’s salvation. This This extended metaphorextended metaphor expresses Edward Taylor’s expresses Edward Taylor’s

deep belief in God and celebrates the divine presence deep belief in God and celebrates the divine presence in daily life.in daily life.

The poem is like a prayer imploring God to guide the The poem is like a prayer imploring God to guide the speaker to do God’s will.speaker to do God’s will.

By submitting to God’s will, the speaker hopes to By submitting to God’s will, the speaker hopes to achieve eternal salvation.achieve eternal salvation.

““Huswifery” AnalysisHuswifery” Analysis

Extended Metaphor/Conceit (an extended metaphor Extended Metaphor/Conceit (an extended metaphor that covers the entire poem)that covers the entire poem) Speaker compares herself toSpeaker compares herself to

spinning wheel to yarn to loom to cloth to holy robesspinning wheel to yarn to loom to cloth to holy robes represent steps the speaker hopes she can follow in life to glorify God represent steps the speaker hopes she can follow in life to glorify God

and to achieve a state of grace.and to achieve a state of grace.

Theme: What message is Taylor trying to send to Theme: What message is Taylor trying to send to Puritan women through this poem?Puritan women through this poem? That every aspect of their daily like should revolve That every aspect of their daily like should revolve

around glorifying God and preparing themselves for around glorifying God and preparing themselves for salvationsalvation

““Huswifery” Copy ChangeHuswifery” Copy Change

Now, try your hand at poetry.Now, try your hand at poetry. Consider some activity you love to doConsider some activity you love to do

Playing video gamesPlaying video games Talking/Texting/Tweeting using your cellTalking/Texting/Tweeting using your cell Watching tv and chillingWatching tv and chilling

Break the activity down into its component partsBreak the activity down into its component parts The tv, the controllers, the game discThe tv, the controllers, the game disc Plug in the components into the copy change templatePlug in the components into the copy change template

Jonathon EdwardsJonathon Edwards

The Great AwakeningThe Great Awakening Religious revival of Puritan valuesReligious revival of Puritan values

After 100 or so years in colonies, conservative Puritans After 100 or so years in colonies, conservative Puritans felt that the faith was waningfelt that the faith was waning

1734-17501734-1750 Wanted to persuade Puritans to return to values of Wanted to persuade Puritans to return to values of

the Churchthe Church

““Sinners in the Hands…”Sinners in the Hands…”

Persuasive Writing: intended to convince the Persuasive Writing: intended to convince the reader to adopt a particular opinion or to reader to adopt a particular opinion or to perform a certain actionperform a certain action Loaded language: words with strong emotional Loaded language: words with strong emotional

associations, meant to sway the readerassociations, meant to sway the reader Focus on word choiceFocus on word choice

Child vs. brat or cherub—what emotional connotations do Child vs. brat or cherub—what emotional connotations do “brat” and “cherub” evoke?“brat” and “cherub” evoke?

““Sinners in the Hands…”Sinners in the Hands…”

Logical vs. Emotional AppealsLogical vs. Emotional Appeals Logical: imply the reader is a reasonable person and Logical: imply the reader is a reasonable person and

will listen to facts, figures, and data that support will listen to facts, figures, and data that support purposepurpose

Emotional: usually contain very little factual Emotional: usually contain very little factual information and rely on loaded language that triggers information and rely on loaded language that triggers fear, insecurity, etc.fear, insecurity, etc.

Always consider the purpose in persuasive Always consider the purpose in persuasive writing—What does Edwards want his writing—What does Edwards want his congregation to do and why? congregation to do and why?