PURIFICATION AND INTENTION

PURIFICATION AND INTENTION

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1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage(Hajj) And Purification In Islamic Birth And Death Rituals

2. Purification Of The Mind From Worldly Thoughts And TheImportance Of Making The Right Intention (Niyyah) AndPurification Of The Heart Through The Statement Of Faith(Shahadah)

3. Fasting In Ramadan (Sawm) As A Form Of Physical And SpiritualRenewal

4. Almsgiving (Zakat) As A Means Of Purification Of Wealth.

Mr. Pahary S. M. Yasser (Islamic Studies)

Website: www.islamimanihsan.com

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http://www.islamimanihsan.com/


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1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In

Islamic Birth And Death Rituals

The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer

Meaning Of Purification

a. Tahaarat = Cleanliness And Purification From Material Impurities Called Najasah (On The Body

And Cloth) And Virtual Impurities Called Hadath (Impurities Necessitating Ghusl And Wudhu).

b. Tahaarat = Indispensable Condition, Preliminary And Key To Worship.

c. (Tirmidhi 3) 'Ali Narrated That The Prophet (s) Said: "The Key To Prayer Is Taharah, That Is,

Cleanliness, The Opening Of It Is Takbir And The Complement Of It Is Salutation.“

d. (Muslim 223) Abu Malik Al-ash'ari (Ra) Reported That The Messenger Of Allah (S) Said: Cleanliness

Is Half Of Faith2






1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In Islamic Birth And Death Rituals


Two Kinds Of Purification:

Inner Purification : Heart

(Hadith Swahih Bukhari Hadith 52, Swahih Muslim Hadith 1599) Hazrat An-nu’man Bin Bashir (Ra) Said That The Holy Prophet (S) Said That

Beware! There Is A Piece Of Flesh In The Body If It Becomes Good (Reformed) The Whole Body Becomes Good But If It Gets Spoilt The Whole

Body Gets Spoilt And Beware That Is The Heart.”

Outer Purification : Body And Cloth

(5: 6) O Ye Who Believe! When Ye Rise Up For Prayer, Wash Your Face, And Your Hands Up To The Elbows, And Lightly Rub Your Heads And

(Wash) Your Feet Up To The Ankles. And If Ye Are Unclean, Purify Yourselves. And If Ye Are Sick Or On A Journey, Or One Of You Cometh From

The Closet, Or Ye Have Had Contact With Women, And Ye Find Not Water, Then Go To Clean, High Ground And Rub Your Faces And Your Hands

With Some Of It. Allah Would Not Place A Burden On You, But He Would Purify You And Would Perfect His Grace Upon You, That Ye May Give

Thanks.3









Ghusl (Janabah, Haidh, Nifas, Tawaaf, Jumu’ah, ‘Id, Ihraam)

The Obligatory Parts Of Ghusl Are:

a. Rinsing The Mouth.

b. Inhaling Water.

c. Washing The Rest Of The Body.

The Sunnah Actions Of Ghusl:

a. Begin With Washing His Hands And Genitals.

b. Remove Filth If It Is On His Body

c. Perform Wudu'

d. Pour Water Over The Rest Of His Body Thrice

e. Step Aside From That Place And Then Wash His Feet.4






1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In Islamic

Birth And Death Rituals


How To Perform Ghusl?

(Bukhariy 248) Narrated `Aisha: Whenever The Prophet (S) Took A Bath After Janaba He Started By Washing

His Hands And Then Performed Ablution Like That For The Prayer. After That He Would Put His Fingers In

Water And Move The Roots Of His Hair With Them, And Then Pour Three Handfuls Of Water Over His Head

And Then Pour Water All Over His Body.

Steps:

a. Intention (Niyyah)

b. Wash Hands

c. Wash Private Parts

d. Perform Wudhu

e. Wash Head And Hair Deeply

f. Pour Water On Whole Body (Right And Left)

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1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In Islamic Birth

And Death Rituals


Wudhu

The Incidents Which Invalidate Wudu' Are:

a. Anything Which Exits From The Two Paths.

b. Blood, Pus Or Serum When They Exit From The Body And Encroach On A Place Which It Is Incumbent To Purify.

c. Vomit, If It Was A Mouthful.

d. Sleep Lying Down, Or Leaning [On One's Side] Or Reclining Such That If It Were Removed He Would Fall.

e. Loss Of Consciousness Through Fainting Or Insanity.

f. Laughter In Any Prayer Containing Ruku` And Sujud.

Fard Of Wudhu

(5: 6) O Ye Who Believe! When Ye Rise Up For Prayer, Wash Your Face, And Your Hands Up To The Elbows, And Lightly Rub

Your Heads And (Wash) Your Feet Up To The Ankles

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1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In Islamic Birth And Death

Rituals


Wudhu

The Sunnah Actions Of Wudu' Are:

a. Washing The Two Hands Before Inserting Them Into The Container [Of Water], [Especially]

b. Taking The Name Of Allah, The Exalted At The Start Of The Wudu'.

c. Siwak / Miswak

d. Rinsing The Mouth

e. Inhaling Water

f. Wiping The Ears

g. Combing The Beard

h. Combing The Fingers

i. Repeating The Washing Upto Thrice.

j. To Intend Purification

k. Covering The Entire Head With Wiping

l. Performing The Wudu' In Order, Such That He Starts With That With Whose Mention Allah, The Exalted Has Begun With.

m. It Is Recommended To Start With The Right Parts.

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How To Perform Wudhu?

Steps:

a. Intention / Bismillah

b. Hands (Right / Left)

c. Mouth / Miswak / Gargle

d. Nose

e. Face

f. Arms – Elbows

g. Head / Ears

h. Feet8






1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In Islamic Birth And Death

Rituals


Tayammum

(5: 6) … And Ye Find Not Water, Then Go To Clean, High Ground And Rub Your Faces And Your Hands With Some Of It …

Material Used:

a. Soil

b. Sand

c. Stone

d. Gypsum

e. Lime

f. Antimony

g. Arsenic.

Conditions:

a. No Water While Travelling

b. Sick And Fear Of Death

c. Not Applicable If There Is Water9






1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In Islamic

Birth And Death Rituals

Preparation For Hajj

(2: 197) "Take Provisions With You For The Journey, But The Best Of Provisions Is God-consciousness..."

(Bukhariy 1523) Ibn `Abbas: The People Of Yemen Used To Come For Hajj And Used Not To Bring Enough

Provisions With Them And Used To Say That They Depend On Allah. On Their Arrival In Medina They Used

To Beg The People, And So Allah Revealed, "And Take A Provision (With You) For The Journey, But The Best

Provision Is The Fear Of Allah." (2.197)

(Bulugh Al-maram 712) Anas (Ra) Narrated That The Messenger Of Allah (S) Was Asked, ‘What Is As-

sabil?’The Messenger Of Allah (S) Replied, "Provision Of Food And Means To Make The Journey."

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Preparation For Hajj

Main Steps ("Take Provisions With You For The Journey, But The Best Of Provisions Is God-consciousness..." (2:197))

Logistical Preparation:

1. Agent / Booking Etc. (Logistical Preparation)

2. Accessories (Medicine, Clothes …)

Religious Preparation

1. Health

2. Financial Aspects

3. Enough Provision For Hajj And Enough Left At Home (Logistical Preparation)

4. Wasiyyah (Will)

5. Niyyah

6. Ihram

7. Knowledge Of ‘Umrah

8. Knowledge Of The (Wuquf) Standing Mina, `Arafah, Muzdalifa, Rami

9. Knowledge Of Tawaaf Ziyaarah And Al Widah

10. Masa’il Of Whole Hajj

11. Visit Of Madina

12. What To Do And What Not To Do

Spiritual Preparation:

1. Swabr, Akhlaaq, Muhabbah, Imaan, Taqwa, Tazkiyah, Ihsaan (Spiritual Preparation)

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1. The Rituals Of Purification For Prayer, Preparation For Pilgrimage (Hajj) And Purification In Islamic Birth And

Death Rituals

Purification In Islamic Birth

(Tirmidhi 614) Ka'b Bin Ujrah Said That The Prophet (S) Said …There Is No Flesh Raised That Develops From The Unlawful

Except That The Fire Is More Appropriate For It. (Children Will Be Influenced By The Deeds Of The Parents)

(Tirmidhi 1514) 'Ubaidullah Bin Abi Rafi': That His Father Said: "I Saw The Messenger Of Allah (S) Say The Adhan In The Ear Of

Al-hasan Bin 'Ali - When He Was Born To Fatimah - The Adhan Of Salat.“

(Bukhariy 5469) Asma' Bint Abu Bakr: I Conceived `Abdullah Bin Azzubair At Mecca And Went Out (Of Mecca) While I Was

About To Give Birth. I Came To Medina And Encamped At Quba', And Gave Birth At Quba'. Then I Brought The Child To Allah's

Messenger (S) And Placed It (On His Lap). He Asked For A Date, Chewed It, And Put His Saliva In The Mouth Of The Child. So

The First Thing To Enter Its Stomach Was The Saliva Of Allah's Messenger (S) ….

( Bukhariy 5467) Abu Musa: A Son Was Born To Me And I Took Him To The Prophet (S) Who Named Him Ibrahim, Did Tahnik

For Him With A Date, Invoked Allah To Bless Him And Returned Him To Me

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Purification In Islamic Birth

(Nasa’i 4220) Samurh Bin Jundab That The Messenger Of Allah Said: "Every Boy Is In Pledge For His 'Aqiqah, So Slaughter (The Animal) For Him

On The Seventh Day, And Shave His Head, And A Name"

(Nasa’i 4212) 'Amr Bin Shuaib, From His Father, That His Grandfather Said: "The Messenger Of Allah Was Asked About The 'Aqiqah And He Said:

…'Whoever Wants To Offer A Sacrifice For His Child, Let Him Do So, For A Boy;Two Sheep, Mukafaatan, (Of Equal Age), And For A Girl, One.‘

(Muwatta Book 26 Hadith 7) Malik Said …The Bones Are Broken And The Family Eat The Meat And Give Some Of It Away As Sadaqa

(Tirmidhi 1519) 'Ali Bin Al-husain: That Ali Bin Abi Talib Said: "The Messenger Of Allah (S) Had The 'Aqiqah For Al-hasan With One Sheep, And

Said: 'O Fatimah! Shave His Head And Give The Weight Of His Hair In Silver As Charity.'" He Said: "So I Weighed It, And It Was The Weight Of A

Dirham Or A Bit Of A Dirham.“

(Bukhariy 5889) Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (S) Said, "Five Practices Are Characteristics Of The Fitra: Circumcision …..

(2: 233) Mothers Shall Suckle Their Children For Two Whole Years; (That Is) For Those Who Wish To Complete The Suckling. The Duty Of Feeding

And Clothing Nursing Mothers In A Seemly Manner Is Upon The Father Of The Child …

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Purification In Death Rituals

a. (Muslim 916) Abu Sa'id Al-khudri Reported Allah's Messenger (S) As Saying: Exhort To Recite" There Is No God But Allah" To Those Of You Who

Are Dying

b. (Abu Dawood 3116) Narrated Mu’adh Bin Jabal : The Messenger Of Allah (S) As Saying: If Anyone's Last Words Are "There Is No God But Allah"

He Will Enter Paradise.’

c. (Bulugh Al Maram 537) (Abu Dawood 3121) Ma'qil Bin Yasar (Ra) Narrated That The Messenger Of Allah (S) Said: “Recite Yaaseen (Surah No. 36),

Over Those Who Are Dying.” Related By Abu Dawud, An-nasa'i And Ibn Hibban Graded It As Sahih

d. (Bukhariy 1253) Allah's Messenger (S) Came To Us When His Daughter Died And Said, "Wash Her Thrice Or Five Times Or More, If You See It

Necessary, With Water And Sidr (Lote Tree) And Then Apply Camphor Or Some Camphor At The End; And When You Finish, Notify Me." So

When We Finished It,We Informed Him And He Gave Us His Waist-sheet And Told Us To Shroud The Dead Body In It.

e. (Abu Dawood 3140) Narrated Ali Ibn Abu Talib: The Prophet (S) )Said: Do Not Unveil Your Thigh, And Do Not Look At The Thigh Of The Living

And The Dead.

f. According To The Malikis, Shafi’is And Hanbalis, It Is Permissible For A Husband To Wash His Deceased Wife But The Hanafis Deem It

Prohibited.

g. (Bukhariy 1264) Narrated `Aisha: Allah's Messenger (S) Was Shrouded In Three Yemenite White Suhuliya (Pieces Of Cloth) Of Cotton, And In

Them There Was Neither A Shirt Nor A Turban."

h. (Abu Dawood 3158) Narrated Abu Sa’id Al Khudri : The Messenger Of Allah (S) As Saying: The Best Of Your Perfumes Is Musk

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Purification In Death Rituals

a. (Abu Dawood 3157) Narrated Layla Daughter Of Qa'if Ath-thaqafiyyah: I Was One Of Those Who Washed Umm Kulthum, Daughter Of The

Prophet (S) When She Died. The Messenger Of Allah (S) First Gave Us Lower Garment, Then Shirt, Then Head-wear, Then Cloak (Which Covers

The Whole Body), And Then She Was Shrouded In Another Garment. She Said: The Messenger Of Allah (S) Was Sitting At The Door, And He Had

Shroud With Him. He Gave Us The Garments One By One.

b. (Abu Dawood 3199) Narrated Abu Hurayrah: The Prophet (S) Said:When You Pray Over The Dead, Make A Sincere Supplication For Him.

c. (Muslim 944) Abu Huraira Reported Allah's Apostle (S) As Saying: Make Haste At A Funeral; If The Dead Person Was Good, It Is A Good State

To Which You Are Sending Him On; But If He Was Otherwise It Is An Evil Of Which You Are Ridding Yourselves.

d. ( Sunan An-nasa'i 1989) It Was Narrated That Abu Umamah Said: "The Sunnah, When Offering The Funeral Prayer, Is To Recite Umm Al-qur'an)

The Essence Of The Qur'an) Quietly In The First Takbir, Then To Say Three (More) Takbir And To Say The Taslim After The Last One.“

e. (Sunan Abi Dawud 3237) Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Messenger Of Allah (S) Went Out To The Graveyard And Said: Peace Be Upon You,Inhabitants Of The Dwellings Who Are Of The Community Of The Believers. If Allah Wills We Shall Join You. ( لام مالس دارعليك قوم ؤمنين إن ام اءإنو ش بك مالل (لاحق ون

f. (Sunan Abi Dawud 3221) Narrated Uthman Ibn Affan: Whenever The Prophet (S) Became Free From Burying The Dead, He Used To Stay At Him

(I.E. His Grave) And Say: Seek Forgiveness For Your Brother, And Beg Steadfastness For Him, For He Will Be Questioned Now.

g. (Sunan Abi Dawud 2017, Sunan An-nasa'i 2874, Bukhari 1833) Abu Huraira Said: ‘…Its (Macca) Trees Are Not To Be Cut, Its Game Is Not To Be

Molested And The Things Dropped There Are To Be Picked Up Only By One Who Publicly Announces It. ‘Abbas Or Al ‘Abbas Suggested

“Apostle Of Allaah (S) Except The Rush (Idhkhir - الإذخر ) (A Kind Of Fragrant Grass) For It Is Useful For Our Graves And Our Houses. The Apostle

Of Allaah (S) Said “Except The Idhkhir.”15






2. Purification Of The Mind From Worldly Thoughts And The Importance Of Making The Right Intention (Niyyah) And

Purification Of The Heart Through The Statement Of Faith (Shahadah)

Purification Of The Mind From Worldly Thoughts

(4: 76) Lo! The Devil's Strategy Is Ever Weak.

(16: 99-100) 99. Lo! He Hath No Power Over Those Who Believe And Put Trust In Their Lord. 100. His Power Is Only Over

Those Who Make A Friend Of Him, And Those Who Ascribe Partners Unto Him (Allah).

(7: 200-201) 200. And If A Slander From The Devil Wound Thee, Then Seek Refuge In Allah. Lo! He Is Hearer, Knower. Lo!

Those Who Ward Off (Evil), When A Glamour From The Devil Troubleth Them, They Do But Remember (Allah's Guidance)

And Behold Them Seers!

(87: 14-15) 14. He Is Successful Who Groweth, And Remembereth The Name Of His Lord, So Prayeth.

(13: 28) Who Have Believed And Whose Hearts Have Rest In The Remembrance Of Allah. Verily In The Remembrance Of

Allah Do Hearts Find Rest!16






2. Purification Of The Mind From Worldly Thoughts And The Importance Of Making The Right Intention (Niyyah) And Purification Of The Heart

Through The Statement Of Faith (Shahadah)

Purification Of The Mind From Worldly Thoughts

(23: 1-2) Successful Indeed Are The Believers 2.Who Are Humble In Their Prayers,

(Hadith Swahih Bukhari Hadith 52, Swahih Muslim Hadith 1599) Hazrat An-nu’man Bin Bashir (Ra) Said That The Holy Prophet (S) Said That

Beware! There Is A Piece Of Flesh In The Body If It Becomes Good (Reformed) The Whole Body Becomes Good But If It Gets Spoilt The Whole

Body Gets Spoilt And Beware That Is The Heart.”

(Abi Dawud 906) Uqbah. B Amir Al-juhani Reported The Messenger Of Allah (S) As Saying: Any One Performs Ablution And Performs The

Ablution Perfectly And Then Offers Two Rak’ahs Of Prayers Concentrating On Them With His Heart And Face But Paradise Will Necessarily Fall

To His Lot.

(Bukhariy 6416) Mujahid:`abdullah Bin `Umar Said, "Allah's Messenger (S) Took Hold Of My Shoulder And Said, 'Be In This World As If You Were

A Stranger Or A Traveler."

Zuhd Is, "The Opposite Of Being Eager And Concerned About The Dunya (The Life Of This World Az-zuhd Entails Abandoning What Does Not

Bring About Benefit In The Hereafter. Al-wara' (Abandoning A Part Of The Permissible For Fear Of Falling Into The Impermissible) Entails

Abandoning What You Fear Its Consequences In The Hereafter.' 17








The Importance Of Making The Right Intention (Niyyah)

Niyyah (Intention), As Al-quraafi (ra) Said, Means: The Intention In A Person’s Heart Of What He Wants To Do. Al-dhakheerah (1/20).

Qasd (Objective) In The Terminology Of The Fuqaha’ Means The Resolve To Do Something. Mu’jam Al-mustalahaat Wa’l-alfaaz Al-fiqhiyyah

(3/96).

Al-nawawi Defined It As: Resolve In The Heart To Do An Obligatory Or Other Action. Al-majmoo’ (1/310).

Qasd Can Only Refer To An Action That The Person Is Able To Do And Wants To Do.

Whereas Niyyah May Refer To A Person Intending To Do What He Is Able To Do And What He Is Unable To Do.

Niyyah = Sincere Intention From The Mind And Heart

H anafī Definition

Ibn ‘Abdīn Defined As Follows: “The Niyyah Is The Intention To Be Devoted To God And To God In Fact.”

Mālikī Definition

The Niyyah Is The Intention Of The Person Responsible Regarding The Thing Commanded.

Šāfiʿī Definition

The Niyyah Is The Intention Of A Thing ConnectedWith Its Accomplishment.

H anbalī Definition

The Niyyah Is, In The Legal Sense,The Intention Of The Heart To Get Closer To God During AWorship Service.

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The Importance Of Making The Right Intention (Niyyah)

(Bukhariy 1) 'Umar Bin Al-khattab: I Heard Allah's Messenger (S) Saying, "The Reward Of Deeds Depends Upon The Intentions And Every Person Will Get

The Reward According To What He Has Intended. So Whoever Emigrated For Worldly Benefits Or For A Woman To Marry, His Emigration Was For What He

Emigrated For."

(42: 20) “Whoever Wants To Harvest The Seed Field For The Hereafter, The More He (Harvests) In His Seed Field. And Whoever Wants The Harvest Of The Seed

Field For The Here And Now, Let It Come To Him,But ThereWill Be No Share In The Hereafter.”

(3: 117) The Likeness Of That Which They Spend In This Life Of The World Is As The Likeness Of A Biting, Icy Wind Which Smiteth The Harvest Of A People

Who Have Wronged Themselves, And Devastateth It. Allah Wronged Them Not, But They Did Wrong Themselves.

(29: 69) As For Those Who Strive In Us,We Surely Guide Them To Our Paths, And Lo! Allah Is With The Good.

(19: 96) Lo! Those Who Believe And Do Good Works, The Beneficent Will Appoint For Them Love.

(22: 37) Their Flesh And Their Blood Reach Not Allah, But The Devotion From You Reaches Him. Thus Have We Made Them Subject Unto You That Ye May

Magnify Allah That He Hath Guided You. And Give Good Tidings (O Muhammad) To The Good.

(Muslim 2564) Abu Huraira Reported Allah's Messenger (S) As Saying: Verily Allah Does Not Look To Your Faces And Your Wealth But He Looks To Your

Heart And To Your Deeds.19








Purification Of The Heart Through The Statement Of Faith (Shahadah)

(26: 88-89) The day when wealth and sons avail not (any man) Save him who brings unto Allah a whole heart.

(13: 28) Who have believed and whose hearts have rest in the remembrance of Allah.Verily in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest!

(Tirmidhi 3383) Jabir bin `Abdullah (ra) narrated that : the Messenger of Allah (s) said: “The best remembrance is: ‘there is none worthy of worship except Allah (Lā ilāha

illallāh)’and the best supplication is: ‘All praise is due to Allah (Al-ḥamdulillāh).’”

(Nasa'i 1354) Abu Hurairah said: "The Messenger of Allah (s) said: 'Whoever says the tasbih one hundred times following the morning prayer, and the tahlil one hundred

times, he will be forgiven his sins even if they are like the foam of the sea.'"

(Hadith Swahih Bukhari Hadith 52, Swahih Muslim Hadith 1599) Hazrat An-nu’man Bin Bashir (Ra) Said That The Holy Prophet (S) Said That Beware! There Is A Piece Of

Flesh In The Body If It Becomes Good (Reformed) The Whole Body Becomes Good But If It Gets Spoilt The Whole Body Gets Spoilt And Beware That Is The Heart.”

(Ibn Majah 3796) Mu'adh bin Jabal that the : Messenger of Allah (s) said: "There is no soul that died bearing witness to La ilaha illallah, and that I am the Messenger of

Allah, from the heart with certainty, but Allah will forgive it.“

(Bukhari 6423) Utban bin Malik Al-Ansari: who was one of the men of the tribe of Bani Salim: Allah's Messenger (s) came to me and said, "If anybody comes on the Day of

Resurrection who has said: La ilaha illal-lah,sincerely, with the intention to win Allah's Pleasure, Allah will make the Hell-Fire forbidden for him."

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3. Fasting In Ramadan (Sawm) As A Form Of Physical And Spiritual Renewal

(Bukhariy 621) `Abdullah Bin Mas`ud: The Prophet (S) Said, "The Adhan Pronounced By Bilal Should Not Stop You From Taking Suhur, For He Pronounces The

Adhan At Night, So That The One Offering The Late Night Prayer (Tahajjud) From Among You Might Hurry Up And The Sleeping From Among You Might

Wake Up. It Does Not Mean That Dawn Or Morning Has Started."

(Nasa’i 1605 ) Abu Dharr : The Prophet (S) Said ….. Then He Led Us In Praying Qiyam When There Were Three Days Left. He Gathered His Family And Wives

(And Led Us In Prayer) Until We Feared That We Would Miss Al-falah. I (One Of The Narrators) Said: "What Is Al-falah?" He Said: "The Suhur".

(Bukhariy 577) Sahl Bin Sa`d: I Used To Take The "Suhur" Meal With My Family And Hasten So As To Catch The Fajr (Morning Prayer) With Allah's Rasoul (S)

(Bukhariy 1923) Anas Bin Malik:The Prophet (S) Said, "Take Suhur As There Is A Blessing In It.“

(2: 187) It Is Made Lawful For You To Go Unto Your Wives On The Night Of The Fast. They Are Raiment For You And Ye Are Raiment For Them. Allah Is Aware

That Ye Were Deceiving Yourselves In This Respect And He Hath Turned In Mercy Toward You And Relieved You. So Hold Intercourse With Them And Seek

That Which Allah Hath Ordained For You, And Eat And Drink Until The White Thread Becomes Distinct To You From The Black Thread Of The Dawn. Then

Strictly Observe The Fast Till Nightfall And Touch Them Not, But Be At Your Devotions In The Mosques. These Are The Limits Imposed By Allah, So Approach

Them Not.Thus Allah Expounds His Revelations To Mankind That They May Ward Off (Evil).

(Muslim 1091) Sahl B. Sa'd Said That When This Verse Was Revealed: " Eat And Drink Till The White Streak Is Distinct From The Dark Streak," A Person Would

Take Hold Of A White Thread And A Black Thread And Keep On Eating Till He Could Find Them Distinct (In The Light Of The Dawn). It Was Then That Allah,

The Majestic And Great, Revealed (The Words) Min Al-fajr (From The Dawn), And Then It Became Clear (That The Word Khait Refers To The Streak Of Light In

The Dawn). 21







(Bukhariy 6057) Abu Huraira: The Prophet (S) Said, "Whoever Does Not Give Up False Statements (I.E. Telling Lies), And Evil Deeds, And Speaking Bad Words To Others,

Allah Is Not In Need Of His (Fasting) Leaving His Food And Drink.“

(Bukhariy 1894) Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (S) Said, "Fasting Is A Shield (Or A Screen Or A Shelter). So, The Person Observing Fasting Should Avoid Sexual Relation

With His Wife And Should Not Behave Foolishly And Impudently, And If Somebody Fights With Him Or Abuses Him, He Should Tell Him Twice, 'I Am Fasting." The Prophet

( (صلى الله عليه وسلم Added, "By Him In Whose Hands My Soul Is, The Smell Coming Out From The Mouth Of A Fasting Person Is Better In The Sight Of Allah Than The Smell Of Musk. (Allah

Says About The Fasting Person), 'He Has Left His Food, Drink And Desires For My Sake. The Fast Is For Me. So I Will Reward (The Fasting Person) For It And The Reward Of

Good Deeds Is Multiplied Ten Times.“

(Nasa’i 2408) Abu Hurairah Said:" I Heard The Messenger Of Allah Say: 'The Month Of Patience ( Ramadan) And Three Days Of Each Month Is Fasting For A Lifetime."'

(Sahih).

(Tirmidhi 3519) Banu Sulaim Narrated: “The Messenger Of Allah (S) Counted Them Out In My Hand” - Or - “In His Hand: ‘At-tasbīḥ Is Half Of The Scale, And “All Praise Is

Due To Allah (Al-ḥamdulillāh)” Fills It, And At-takbīr (Allāhu Akbar) Fills What Is Between The Sky And The Earth, And Fasting Is Half Of Patience, And Purification Is Half

Of Faith.”

(Abu Dawood 2356) Anas Ibn Malik: The Messenger Of Allah (S) Used To Break His Fast Before Praying With Some Fresh Dates; But If There Were No Fresh Dates, He Had A

Few Dry Dates, And If There Were No Dry Dates, He Took Some Mouthfuls Of Water

(Tirmidhi 769) Jafar Bin Humaid Narrated That: Anas Bin Malik Was Asked About The Prophet's Fasting And He Said: “…… (There Was No Time) That I Wanted To See If He

Was Performing Salat During The Night, Except That I Would See Him Praying, Nor To See Him Sleeping, Except That I Would See Him Sleeping."22







(Bukhariy 2010) 'Abdur Rahman Bin 'Abdul Qari Said, "I Went Out In The Company Of 'Umar Bin Al-khattab One Night In Ramadan To The Mosque And Found The People

Praying In Different Groups. A Man Praying Alone Or A Man Praying With A Little Group Behind Him. So, 'Umar Said, 'In My Opinion I Would Better Collect These (People)

Under The Leadership Of One Qari (Reciter) (I.E. Let Them Pray In Congregation!)'. So, He Made Up His Mind To Congregate Them Behind Ubai Bin Ka'b. Then On Another

Night I Went Again In His Company And The People Were Praying Behind Their Reciter. On That, 'Umar Remarked, 'What An Excellent Bid'a (I.E. Innovation In Religion)

This Is; But The Prayer Which They Do Not Perform, But Sleep At Its Time Is Better Than The One They Are Offering.' He Meant The Prayer In The Last Part Of The Night. (In

Those Days) People Used To Pray In The Early Part Of The Night."

(Bukhariy 5052) Àbdullah Bin Àmr Bin Al Às: My Father Got Me Married To A Lady Of A Noble Family, And Often Used To Ask My Wife About Me, And She Used To

Reply, "What A Wonderful Man He Is! He Never Comes To My Bed, Nor Has He Approached Me Since He Married Me." When This State Continued For A Long Period, My

Father Told The Story To The Prophet Who Said To My Father, "Let Me Meet Him." Then I Met Him And He Asked Me, "How Do You Fast?" I Replied, "I Fast Daily," He Asked,

"How Long Does It Take You To Finish The Recitation Of The Whole Qur'an?" I Replied, "I Finish It Every Night." On That He Said, "Fast For Three Days Every Month And

Recite The Qur'an (And Finish It) In One Month." I Said, "But I Have Power To Do More Than That." He Said, "Then Fast For Three Days Per Week." I Said, "I Have The Power

To Do More Than That." He Said, "Therefore, Fast The Most Superior Type Of Fasting, (That Is, The Fasting Of (Prophet) David Who Used To Fast Every Alternate Day; And

Finish The Recitation Of The Whole Qur'an In Seven Days."

(Muslim 789) Ibn 'Umar From The Messenger Of Allah (S) But In The Hadith Transmitted By Musa B. 'Uqba, This Addition Is Made: " When One Who Had Committed The

Qur'an To Memory (Or Who Is Familiar With It) Gets Up (For Night Prayer) And Recites It Night And Day, It Remains Fresh In His Mind, But If He Does Not Get Up (For

Prayer And Thus Does Not Recite It) He Forgets It."

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(Abi Dawud 2473) Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: The sunnah for one who is observing i'tikaf (in a mosque) is not to visit a patient, or to attend a funeral, or touch or embrace

one's wife, or go out for anything but necessary purposes. There is no i'tikaf without fasting, and there is no i'tikaf except in a congregational mosque.

(Bukhariy 2025) Abdullah bin Ùmar: Allah's Messenger (s) used to practice I`tikaf in the last ten days of the month of Ramadan.

Muslim (1167) Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (ra) reported that the Messenger of Allah (s) observed i'tikaf in the first ten (days) of Ramadan; he then observed i'tikaf in the middle

ten (days) in a Turkish tent with a mat hanging at its door. He (the Holy Prophet) took hold of that mat and placed it in the nook of the tent. He then put his head out and

talked with people and they came near him ….

(97: 3) The Night of Power is better than a thousand months.

(Bukhariy 2020) Àisha: Allah's Messenger (s) used to practice I`tikaf in the last ten nights of Ramadan and used to say, "Look for the Night of Qadr in the last ten nights of

the month of Ramadan.“

(Bukhariy 2036) Abu Salama bin Àbdur-Rahman: I asked Abu Saìd Al-Khudri, "Did you hear Allah's Messenger (s) talking about the Night of Qadr?" He replied in the

affirmative and said, "Once we were in I`tikaf with Allah's Messenger (s) in the middle ten days of (Ramadan) and we came out of it in the morning of the twentieth, and

Allah's Messenger (s) delivered a sermon on the 20th (of Ramadan) and said, 'I was informed (of the date) of the Night of Qadr (in my dream) but had forgotten it. So, look

for it in the odd nights of the last ten nights of the month of Ramadan. I saw myself prostrating in mud and water on that night (as a sign of the Night of Qadr).

(Bukhariy 1156 - 1158) Nafi’ narrated : ...The companions of the Prophet (s) used to tell him their dreams that (Laila-tul-Qadr) was on the 27th of the month of Ramadan. …

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Zakaat = Poor Due and the Amount Of Money Taken From The Better Off Or The Rich And To Be Given To Those In Need.

Obligatory Since The Second Year Of Hijri.

(36: 47) And When It Is Said Unto Them: Spend Of That Wherewith Allah Hath Provided You…

(2:261) “The parable of those who spend their wealth in the way of God is that of a grain of corn. It grows seven ears and each ear has hundred grains. God increases

manifold to whom He pleases.”

(Bukhariy Vol. 1, Book 60, Hadith 183) Khãlid bin Aslam: We went out with 'Abdullãh bin 'Umar and he said, "This (Verse) was revealed before the prescription of Zakat, and

when Zakãt was prescribed, Allah made it a means of purifying one's wealth."

Amount Of Zakaat:

1. 2 ½ % Of Our Money Or Wealth.

2. If The Nisab; The Minimum Amount On Which Zakaat Is Taken, Equals Or Exceeds 598.40 Gm On Silver Or 85.5 Gm On Gold, Then Zakaat Must Be Paid.

3. Mines As 1/5 Of The Produce

4. Land Tax As 1/10 If The Land Is Watered By A Lack Or A River Or 1/20 If Not Watered Naturally.

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(9: 60) The Alms Are Only For The Poor And The Needy, And Those Who Collect Them, And Those Whose Hearts Are To Be Reconciled, And To Free The Captives And The

Debtors, And For The Cause Of Allah, And (For) The Wayfarers; A Duty Imposed By Allah. Allah Is Knower, Wise.

Beneficiaries:

1. The Poor اء) (فق ر - According To Ibn Abbas ,The Fuqaha Are The Folk Of The Platform. According To Qatada, They Are The Ill Person.

2. The Needy اكين) س (م - The Needy Is Not The One Who Goes Round People And Asks Them For A Mouthful Or Two Or A Date Or Two, But He Is The One Who Does

Not Have Enough To Satisfy His Needs And Whose Condition Is Not Known To Others

3. Those Who Collect Them ( االع املين ل يه ع ) – Collectors Of Alms

4. Those Whose Hearts Are To Be Reconciled ( لف ة قلوبهمالمؤ ) – Done To Attract People To The Religion Of Islam By Giving Them Gifts

5. The Captives ( ق ابفي الر ) - To Ransom Themselves To Be Free

6. The Debtors ( (الغ ارمين - Expenses In Solving Disputes Between People, Those Who Guarantee A Loan That Became Due (Unpaid), Causing Financial Strain To

Them, And Those Whose Funds Do Not Sufficiently Cover Their Debts

7. The Cause Of Allah ( بيلفي س الل ) - Fighters For The Cause Of Allah On The Battle Field

8. The Wayfarers ( بيلابن الس ) - The Guests, The Passer-by And The Needy Traveller In A Land,Where He Does Not Have What Helps Him Continue His Trip

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Importance:

1. (41: 7) Who Give Not The Poor Due, And Who Are Disbelievers In The Hereafter.

2. (3: 92) Ye Will Not Attain Unto Piety Until Ye Spend Of That Which Ye Love. And Whatsoever Ye Spend, Allah Is Aware

Thereof.

3. (9: 103) Take Alms Of Their Wealth, Wherewith Thou Mayst Purify Them And Mayst Make Them Grow, And Pray For

Them. Lo! Thy Prayer Is An Assuagement For Them. Allah Is Nearer, Knower.

4. (2: 261) The Likeness Of Those Who Spend Their Wealth In Allah's Way Is As The Likeness Of A Grain Which Groweth

Seven Ears, In Every Ear A Hundred Grains. Allah Giveth Increase Manifold To Whom He Will. Allah Is All Embracing,

All Knowing.

5. (2: 274) Those Who Spend Their Wealth By Night And Day, By Stealth And Openly, Verily Their Reward Is With Their

Lord, And There Shall No Fear Come Upon Them Neither Shall They Grieve.27


PURIFICATION AND INTENTION

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