Introduction:

A pump is a device used to move liquids. A pump moves liquids from lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to the system

تفعالمرهى عبارة عن مضخة تستخدم فى تحريك السائل من منطقة الضغط المنخفض الى منطقة الضغط

.النظام على فرق الضغط عن طريق زيادة طاقة الحركة فى وتتغلب .

Pump in system

Low level high level

Low Pressure

high Pressure

Pump in system

Pressure gauge

Pump typesPumps can be classified on various bases. Pumps based on their principle of operation are primarily classified.

Pumps

Positive displacement

Rotary pumps reciprocating

Roto-dynamic pumps

centrifugal pumps

1)- Roto-dynamic pumps (centrifugal pumps)1.1)-Working Mechanism of a Centrifugal Pump.A centrifugal pump is one of the simplest pieces of equipment in any process Plant. Its purpose is to convert energy of a prime mover (a electric motor or turbine) first into velocity or kinetic energy and then into pressure energy of a fluid that is being pumped.

الى طاقة حركية ( a electric motor or turbine)تقوم بتحويل الطاقة الناتجة من المحرك االساسى

(kinetic energy ) عن طريق زيادة السرعة وبالتالى تتحول الى طاقة ضغط تقوم بضغط السائل.

Liquid flow path inside a centrifugal pump

Impeller

Flow direction اتجاه السائل

1.2) - General Components of Centrifugal Pumps. :A centrifugal pump has two main components

I. A rotating component comprised of an impeller and a shaft

II. A stationary component comprised of a casing, casing cover, and bearings

-:المكونات األساسية للطلمبة

تنقسم الى مكونات متحركة ومكونات ثابتة

General components of a Centrifugal Pump

impeller Shaft bearing

Casing Mechanical seal

Suctionnozzle

1.2.1)-Rotating Components in Pump

1)-Impeller.The impeller of the centrifugal pump converts the mechanical rotation to the velocity of

the liquid. The impeller acts as the spinning wheel in the pump.

يعمل على تحويل الحركة الميكانيكية الناتجة من المحرك االساسى الى زيادة سرعة للسائل

They are often classified in many ways

Based on mechanical construction.

There are three types of construction seen in an impeller. These are based on the presence or absence of the impeller covers and shrouds.

1. Closed 2. Semi-open 3. open

Impeller

Types

Closed impeller

Semi open impeller Open impeller

Based on major direction of flow outlet from impeller in reference to the axis of rotation

• Radial flow

الدورانيكون اتجاه خروج السائل عمودى على محور

( اتجاه دخول السائل)

• Axial flow

يكون اتجاه خروج السائل موازى لمحور الدوران

السائل ولدخول

inlet

outlet

• Mixed flow

Mixed flow impeller and propeller vanes mixed flow type impeller

1.2)- Based on suction type.

• Single-suction: Liquid inlet on one side.من اتجاه واحد ( سحب الطلمبة )دخول السائل

Double-suction: Liquid inlet to the impeller symmetrically from both sides

دخول السائل من اتجاهين

Pump with double suction impeller

Double suction pump Solution pump

Suction eyes of impeller

impeller

2)Pump casing

Casings are generally of two types: volute and circular. The impellers are fitted

inside the casings

A volute:

is a curved funnel increasing in area to the discharge port as shown. As the area of the

cross-section increases, the volute reduces the speed of the liquid and increases the

pressure of the liquid.

طالضغيزيد مساحته عند طرد الطلمبة لتقل السرعة ويزيد ( impellerمساراو مبيت لل )هو عبارة عن وعاء

(الغرض من ذلك التصميم )

Pump Casing

Circular casing (Split casing)

• Horizontal Split Case Feed Pump

تتكون من جزئين جزء سفلى واخر علوى يتم تجميعهم معا •

Upper casing

lower casing

3)-Wearing rings

The impeller is a rotating component and it is housed within the pump casing. To prevent

frictional contact, a gap between these two parts is essential

البد من وجود خلوص بسيط جدا ( impeller and casing)يوضع بين الجزء المتحرك والجزء الثابت فى الطلمبه

ة حتى ال يحدث احتكاك وتاكل لهما وعند زيادة هذا الخلوص تقل كفاءه الطلمب( impeller and casing)بين

النهما مصنوعتن من مواد ( impeller and casing)ولذلك يجب المحافظه على تلك الخلوص والمحافظه على

wear ringخاصة لذلك يوضع

Wear ring different type Location of wear ring

4)-Shaft

The pump rotor assembly consists of the shaft, impeller, sleeves, seals (rotatingElement), bearings or bearing surfaces, and coupling halves. The shaft, however, is the Key element of the rotor. The basic purpose of a centrifugal pump shaft is to

transmit the torque.

( .motor)يعتبر العمود هو المحرك االساسى للطلمبة حيث انه يقوم بنقل العزم من المحرك االساسى

Shaft

5) Stuffing boxes.

The stuffing box is a chamber or a housing that serves to seal the shaft where it passesThrough the pump casing. and we can used Packing ring or Mechanical seal depending on application.

السائلتسريب تساعد على منع casingهو عبارة عن حجرة بين العمود

Stuffing box Bearing house

6)-Bearing support

This is based on the location of the bearings supporting the rotor. If the rotor is

supported in the form of a cantilever ,it is called as an Overhung type of

pump. When the impellers on the rotor are supported with bearings on either side, the pump is called as an in-between bearings pump.

rotorبالنسبة لوجود ال bearingيعتمد تلك التصنيف على حسب وجود

Overhung In between bearing pump

Bearing Bearing

7)- Pump support

This refers to how the pump is supported on the base frame. It could be a center-line

Support(fig. a) or foot-mounted support (fig. b)

لتوضيح نوعية تثبيت الطلمبة بقواعدها

Module pump support

CENTRIFUGAL POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

DIAPHRAGM

Pumps Classification

ROTARY

GEAR

VANE

LOBE

SCREW

OTHERS

RECIPROCATING

PISTON

PLUNGER

OTHERS

JET

LIQUID RING

ENERGY

EXCHANGE

MANY TYPES

2)-Positive displacement

Positive displacement

RECIPROCATING

PISTON PLUNGER

ROTARY

GEAR

1)Reciprocating pump.

• In this type of pump action is produced by the (reciprocating) movement of piston or plunger with in a cylinder.

داخل االسطوانة plungerفى هذا النوع من الطلمبات تعتمد على الحركة الترددية للمكبس او

• The liquid is being pumped is drawn into the cylinder through one or more suction valves and then forced out through one or more discharge valves by direct contact with the piston or plunger

تعتمد فكرة العمل على انه فى مراحلة السحب يكون بلف السحب مفتوح والطرد مغلق فيملىء االسطوانة

لف الداخليه وفى مراحلة الضغط يتحرك المكبس داخل االسطوانة و يغلق بلف السحب ويبدأ الضغط ثم يفتح ب

الطرد

The plunger reciprocates inside the stationary packing gland , the packing gland

prevents leakage from cylinder.

General Components of Plunger Pump

Plunger

Plunger

Suction valve

Discharge valve

Hydraulic cylinder

Packing ring

Cylinder head

Components of suction and discharge valve

Cylinder head

discharge

Suction

Plunger

Piston pump

ة ويعمل يدخل السائل االسطوانة عن طريق بلف السحب اثناء حركة المكبس الخلفي

طرد هذا البلف كمحبس عدم رجوع حيث انه اثناء الضغط يغلق ويفتح محبس ال

Rotary pump (Gear Pump)

Gear pumps belong to a positive displacement rotary group, and are made by

enclosing two or more gears in a close-fitting housing. A driver turns a shaft connected to one of the gears, causing it to rotate This gear drives the other gear through the meshing of the teeth of the two gears.

ل بين تتكون من تروس احداهما متصل باامحرك االساسى وعند تحريكة يحدث تعشيق للتروس ويمرو السائ

casingأسنان الترس و

There are two basic types of gear pumps 1)-External 2)- Internal

Main Types Pumps

HIGH LOWV. HIGH

NO NOYES

LOW HIGH V. HIGH

YES NO NO

Pressure P

Flow Rate Q

S .R .V

Efficiency

Maint. cost

Pulsation

Positive D.P. Centrifugal Axial Flow

V. HIGH LOW LOW

HIGH MEDIUM V. HIGH