Puma concolor

Chapter 2

ClassificationClassification

1• Classification means organizing

living things into groups based on their similarities.

2• Scientists classify living and

extinct organisms to make them easier to study.

3• Organisms are classified by

shared characteristics and their relationships between one another.

4• The levels of classification go from

very general to very specific.

5Domain DumbKingdom King

Phylum Phylum Class Couldn’t Order Order Family Fried Genus Green Species Spaghetti

• Classification for Humans• Kingdom Animalia• Phylum Chordata• Class Mammalia• Order Primates• Family Hominidae• Genus Homo• species sapiens

6• The science of classifying

organisms is called taxonomy.7 Taxonomy was founded by

Linneaus in the 1700’s.– classified things only by their shared

characteristics. – developed the concept of binomial

nomenclature so scientists speaking and writing different languages could communicate clearly.

8• Modern taxonomists also look at

evolutionary relationships between animals.

A branching diagram can show the relationship between organisms.

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Organisms that are more closely related are closer together on the branching diagram.

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• When living things are classified, they get a scientific name.

• The scientific name is the same anywhere in the world.

12• Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek.• The scientific name is always the Genus

and species name together. 13• The Genus is always written first and

capitalized.• The species is second and is always

lowercase.

14• The scientific name is always

italicized or underlined.– Ex: Felis domesticus

15Scientists can use a dichotomous key

to identify unknown organisms.

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria

• Protista• Fungi

• Plantae• Animalia

17• Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they

do not have nuclei.

• All other living things are eukaryotic and have true nuclei.

18• Archaebacteria live in extreme

environments (very hot or cold)• They have been on the earth about 3

billion years.

• Most bacteria are in kingdom Eubacteria.• Bacteria are either helpful or harmful

living everywhere on earth.

Kingdom Protista19• Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular &

simple multicellular organisms.• Protists are organisms that are not plants,

animals or fungi

Kingdom Plantae 20• Plants are usually green and make food

by photosynthesis• They are complex, multicellular

organisms

21 They absorb food from their

surroundings.• Fungi are usually multicellular (except

yeast).

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Animalia 22

Most move around and have nervous systems.

• Animals are complex and multicellular.