PULSALYZER PART NO. 2226601Preferably an anti-static mat or metal workbench surface since this kit...

PULSALYZER

PART NO. 2226601

PULSALYZER

A Precision Logic-Level Frequency Counter and Period/Pulse Timer

The PULSALYZER is a great bench test equipment tool for working with Pulse Wave Modulation (PWM) and other periodic signals,

especially if no oscilloscope or logic analyzer is available. It is based upon all (CMOS) Digital Logic and a Precision Crystal Oscillator

(no RC time base, no software, no interrupts) for deterministic performance, maximum stability, accuracy, and repeatability, and

exceptional resolution (to one microsecond). All signals are synchronized to the main oscillator clock's rising edge.

The PULSALYZER samples the input signal (being analyzed) once per each push of the analyze button. It can measure

1. Its FREQUENCY to one-hertz resolution (from 1 to 999,999Hz)

2. Its TOTAL TIME PERIOD to microsecond resolution (from 1 to 999,999uS)

3. Its PULSE HIGH TIME PERIOD to microsecond resolution (from 1 to 999,999uS)

Additional documentation supplied includes a test report presenting the PULSALYZER operating, as verified by a dual-trace

oscilloscope, analyzing both high frequency and low frequency inputs, on both 5-volts logic (TTL and older CMOS systems) and

3.3-volts logic (LVCMOS33 standard) commonly found in newer-technology embedded microcontroller, CPLD, and FPGA applications.

The TOTAL TIME PERIOD is the inverse of the FREQUENCY, and is a better way to measure low frequencies to higher resolution.

The ratio of PULSE HIGH TIME PERIOD over the TOTAL TIME PERIOD is the commonly used DUTY CYCLE performance

parameter used for many PWM applications.

The PULSALYZER is a great tool for sampling and analyzing the stability and repeatability of non-50%-duty-cycle pulse trains and

other slow frequency clocks (especially those that are software generated in a growing number of hobby-applications). PWM-based

lamp-dimming and motor-speed-control applications are growing exponentially, and the PULSALYZER is the perfect tool for testing

them.

The PULSALYZER kit uses all through-hole components (all currently available from Jameco) to ensure that even beginners can

assemble and use this tool, whether professionally or as a hobbyist; for those just getting started in electronics or for tho se who have

had many opportunities to create and test all kinds of circuits. For the many seasoned kit-builders out there, the (almost)

Heathkit-style assembly instructions will be the basis for another memorable experience.

The PULSALYZER includes integrated self-test signals (one high frequency and one low frequency) for functionally verifying the

operational state of the system before measuring an externally applied signal for testing. It includes the use of the display's

decimal points as state and status indicators during measurement operations. The input signal interface includes current limited

over-voltage and under-voltage clamping-protection circuits. It measures both 3.3volt input square and pulse-wave inputs as well as

(traditional, older) 5volt signals. It also has an integrated +5volts regulator (needs at least 7.5volts input) for those needing that

circuitry; or (by switch position) the user may apply their own +5volts power source.

Using 'stock' displays and display current limiting resistor packs, the PULSALYZER draws about 384mA maximum (displaying all

8's). The kit (using alternative displays and resistor packs, also from Jameco) can be built using different color displays, and can be

made much brighter (for high ambient light conditions) if needed (at a higher power draw, of course).

The kit includes a custom, 6" x 4", 4-layer printed circuit board with copious quantities of on-board annotations, and the instructions

include the detailed assembly instructions, with a fully commented schematic, and PDF views of the printed circuit

board's copper, silkscreen, and assembly layers. The design uses EAGLE tools, and the *.sch and *.brd files are available for

the asking for those wanting to make their own custom modifications. There is also a detailed theory of operation

section, referencing the schematics, to assist the avid student within us all.

NOTE: The block diagram will eventually be replaced with a picture of the assembled kit, as it is built on the printed circuit

board supplied by Jameco; after it is available for sale.

WARNING: If you are unsure of the dangers involved with your particular project, consult with someone who is

experienced. Always wear eye protection and gloves. FAILURE TO INITIATE AND FOLLOW YOUR OWN

SAFETY PROCEDURES MAY RESULT IN BODILY INJURY OR DEATH!

Time Required: 2->3 hours depending upon depending on experience

Experience Level: Beginner

Required tools and parts:

This larger-than-most kit only uses thru-hole devices, enabling even the beginner-level kit builder the opportunity to build this kit and acquire an important piece of bench test equipment to support other experiments and hobby explorations.

Needle-nose pliers for bending leads Side-cutters or flush cutters for cutting off soldered leads Soldering Iron Solder Flux-cleaner for cleaning the board after soldering Preferably an anti-static mat or metal workbench surface since this kit includes the handling of CMOS digital logic Integrated Circuits.

Bill of Materials:

Qty Jameco SKU Component Name

20 544833 Capacitor 0.01 uF 100 Volt X7R 10% Radial 2.54mm Bulk

1 27861 1 MHz Full Can (5volt) TTL Crystal Oscillator

3 36038 Diode Switching 100 Volt 0.15A 2-Pin DO-35 (in bags of 10)

6 544956 Epoxy Dipped Capacitor 1 uF 50 Volt Z5u 20% 0.2" pitch Radial

4 544868 0.1 uF 50 Volt radial 0.1" pitch Ceramic Dipped Multilayer Capacitor (in bags of 10)

6 108572 16 Pin 125 mW 330 Ohm 2% eight ISOLATED Resistors Network

1 308312 Buffer-line Driver 8 Channel Non-Inverting 3 State Bipolar 20-Pin Plastic DIP

1 893179 CMOS Hex Schmitt Trigger Inverters 20 Volt DIP-14

6 17187 7-Segment Display Common Cathode

6 676502 Up/Down Decade Counter Dip-16

5 893443 CMOS Flip Flop D-Type Pos-Edge 2 Element 14-Pin Plastic Dip

7 893611 CMOS Counter/Divider Single 5-Bit Decade UP Johnson Counter 16-Pin Plastic Dip

1 13119 Linear/CMOS DUAL 4-CH ANALOG MULTIPLEXER DIP-16

1 155249 Tactile Switch Round Black Button Off Momentary (On) PC Pins 0.05 Amp 12 Volt 1.27n Through Hole

5 109171 Switch Slide Min Single Pole Double Throw On-On PCB Mount 50 Volt DC @ 0.5 Amps Lead 4mm

1 2215507 GREEN 2 Position 3.5mm Series Top Screw Terminal Block

2 2094506 BLUE Terminal Blocks 2 Position 3.5mm Straight Top Screw Thru-Hole 10A

1 51262 Standard Regulator 5 Volt 1 Amp 3 Pin 3+ Tab TO-220

3 81517 .001 uF 50 Volt Monolithic, Epoxy Dipped Capacitor in 0.1" pitch radial (in bags of 10)

1 13055 CMOS HEX INVERTING BUFFER/CONVERTER DIP-16

2 690785 Resistor Carbon Film 470 Ohm 1/4 Watt 5% (In Bags of 10

5 691104 Resistor Carbon Film 10k Ohm 1/4 Watt 5% (In Bags of 10)

1 691585 Resistor Carbon Film 1.0M Ohm 1/4 Watt 5% (In Bags of 10)

1 493917 Connector BNC Female 50 Ohms Solder Right Angle Through Hole Gold

Step 1 - Introduction to the PULSALYZER

PULSALYZER INTRODUCTION

Welcome to another great kit building experience from GUSTECH. These first couple of steps are meant to provide a brief

introduction to the kit and its components, before proceeding on to the assembly work. This kit is rated as a "BEGINNER"

kit because all of the soldering is very simple on only thru-hole components; no stereo microscope or infra-red reflow oven

required. It does, however, rank as one of the larger 'simple' kits due to the number of components' solder connections

that need to be made, and its (very full) board size of 6.0" by 4.0".

I grew up building many dozens of different types of Heathkits, and enjoyed the learning experience of both the assembly and

the use of those many different kinds of early electronic products. The largest one was their two-full-manual with full-pedal

Thomas Electronic Organ, which I played for over 30 years before passing it on to others.

Most of the kits were bench test equipment pieces, many much simpler than the PULSALYZER. What I never built (don't recall

if it was ever offered) was a good quality frequency counter with period and (high) pulse width timer capabilities. What I really

could have used over the years is a PULSALYZER that was affordable and functional. I have owned frequency counters that

were much more expensive and less accurate due to the kind of time-base circuits used (to cut costs).

The Pulsalyzer is a precision piece of bench test equipment that just happens to be user-buildable in a kit format.

It is designed to assist the technician in the measurement of frequencies and time periods for both 5-volt logic (older TTL with its

many variations and CMOS circuits) and the now ubiquitous LVCMOS33-standards-based, 3.3-volt logic common in most

embedded microcontroller designs, as well as most CPLD and FPGA all-hardware logic applications.

Frequency Measurements range from 1Hz to 999,999Hz down to 1Hz resolution. For the lower frequencies, however, much

better frequency resolution can be obtained by measuring the total time period of one cycle of the unknown frequency and

inverting that number for the fractional frequency data available. The PULSALYZER has two different pulse timer capabilities

built into it. It measures the Total Period (of one cycle of the input frequency) from rising edge to rising edge down to 1uS

resolution. With the help of a simple calculator, great low-frequency measurements are now possible. The second timer built

into the PULSALYZER is that of measuring the duration of the high state of the input signal, from rising edge to falling edge,

usually termed High-Pulse-Width.

This High-Pulse-Width timing measurement is also performed down to 1uS resolution.

A common application function in many circuits is that of using a Pulse-Width-Modulation [PWM] waveform to control speed (of a motor) or intensity (of a light source) and other quasi-analog applications requiring controlled variability. Usually these PWM waveforms are software generated (in a microcontroller) and need to be fine-tuned for many applications. If one does not have an oscilloscope or a logic analyzer as part of their bench-tool-set, then the PULSALYZER is a perfect tool to use for this analysis work.

The PWM waveform is often discussed in terms of duty cycle, which is the fraction of High-Pulse-Width (duration) divided by the Total Period of one cycle. A signal where the high-pulse-width is exactly half of the total period is a 50% duty cycle PWM waveform, also known as a square wave. A repeating pulse train where the high state is 123uS in duration and the total time period is 69.473mS has a duty cycle of 17.7% and a frequency of 14.395Hz. The latter two data parameters were derived from the first two time measurements (just measured by the PULSALYZER just for this paragraph's example).

The block diagram (see this step's picture) presents the overall functional structure of the PULSALYZER, listing additional

features and functions not yet discussed. More information is presented in the 'step' that lists the SPECIFICATIONS near the

end of all the instructions for this kit.

NOTE: This is the first version of these instructions that are based upon a working breadboard PULSALYZER (see this step's picture), but before a printed circuit board version was assembled. This version of the assembly instructions will be replaced with a second version based upon the assembly of an actual PULSALYZER Kit from Jameco after it is available for sale on their web site. For now though, these (first) assembly instructions use the Top View of the (already designed) printed circuit board (with silkscreen information), installing real physical components, for the assembly instructions that follow.

Step 2 - PULSALYZER PC Board Introduction

PULSALYZER PC BOARD INTRODUCTION

The 4-layer 6.0" by 4.0" printed circuit board for the PULSALYZER (shown in this step's picture) uses 24 active Integrated Circuits

(23 IC's and the oscillator), six 7-segment Digital Displays, a wide assortment of passive (resistors, capacitors, diodes)

components, and a few mechanical devices in the form of connectors and switches. The four-corner mounting holes are all

connected to GROUND (power), and the board may be used in open-air by simply installing self-adhesive bumper feet in the four

corners.

ASSEMBLY OPTIONS:

Before assembly starts, the user is provided with a couple of options that may be of interest (or not) depending upon preferences

and the intended working environment for the PULSALYZER.

1) The kit, as supplied, uses RED LED segments in the displays, including the decimal points (four used for s tate and status

indicators, and two are spares for user-applications). The kit's displays are Jameco's #17187. This kit can also use:

1) ORANGE LEDs, Jameco's #334880

2) GREEN LEDs, Jameco's #334862

So, if the kit-builder wants to use the Orange or Green LEDs instead of the RED LEDs, order six of the desired displays

and install them in place of the RED Displays in the appropriate step later in these instructions.

2) The kit, as supplied, uses 330Ohms series current limiting resistors (network packs) at RN1-to-RN6 (shown in this

step's picture) for the six 7-segment displays and decimal points. The kit's resistor networks are Jameco's #108572. It

is possible to make the displays brighter (useful in high-brightness work areas) by using lower resistance value resistor

networks (which, of course, also increases the total amount of power needed from the power source). If brighter

displays are desired, then use:

1) 220ohms (8-isolated) resistor networks, Jameco's #108564. So, if the kit-builder wants to use brighter displays (any

of the three colors listed above), order six of the lower resistance (220ohms) resistor networks and install them in place

of the 330ohms devices in the appropriate step later in these instructions.

3) The kit, as supplied, includes an on-board 5-volt linear voltage regulator as a possible power source for the

PULSALYZER Circuitry. The regulator, a common 7805 in a TO220 case, should be used if the user does not already

have on-hand a well-regulated 5-volts power source to use for the PULSALYZER. If a 5-volts (1-ampere minimum

recommended) power source is to be used for the PULSALYZER, then the on-board 5-volts regulator is not needed

and may be left uninstalled at the appropriate step later in these assembly instructions.

4) The kit, as supplied, includes a 14-pin "FULL CAN" sized 1MHz oscillator (see the bottom right corner of the picture

for this step). This oscillator is Jameco's #27861. The total accuracy of the PULSALYZER depends solely on the

accuracy of this oscillator. If the kit-builder prefers to use a different oscillator of higher accuracy (more stability over

time and temperature, for instance), then the kit-builder may substitute this time base with one of their choosing. Note

that the board footprint for the Oscillator has been designed to accommodate the common 8-pin "HALF CAN" package

or the (older style) 14-pin "FULL CAN" package. More details on this option will be presented at the appropriate

assembly step later. ASSEMBLY REFERENCE DESIGNATORS:

The reference designators used in the three pages of schematics (that are presented as three steps near the end of all

the instructions for this kit) correspond directly to some of the silkscreened components as depicted (in the picture for

this step).

All of the integrated circuits, except the obviously different 7805 5-volts linear regulator in its TO220 package (referenced as IC22), include their unique IC# at their specific locations on the printed circuit board. Look at the picture for this step; I'll wait until you get back. The board's silkscreen includes a package outline for each IC that has a notch on the end where pin 1 is to be installed for each IC. This is extremely important for all of the IC# devices. The six resistor packs, referenced as RN1-to-RN6, also use this same silkscreen image on the PC board. However, the resistor packs can be safely installed in either direction (hence the different, non-IC, reference designations. You may want to look at the picture again for this step. All of the capacitors are non-polarized, so they can be installed in either direction. There are four different capacitance values, all in similar package styles, using two-different lead-pitch (distances) of either 0.1" (most of them) or 0.2" (for six larger 1uF capacitors). Due to board density, reference designators were not included in the PC board's silkscreen. So, extra time will be spent in the instructions to ensure that the proper capacitors are assembled in the proper board locations, later in these instructions.

You may want to look at the picture again for this step.

The resistors are also non-polarized and may be installed in either direction. Unlike the capacitors, however, there are

quasi-reference designators written in silkscreen on the printed circuit board for the resistors. There are eight 1/4watt

resistors used, and each resistor location includes a resistor outline and a single number in the silkscreen on the PC

board. The three different values of resistance must be used in their proper locations for the PULSALYZER to function

properly. So, extra time will be spent in the instructions to ensure that the proper resistors are assembled in their proper

locations. You may want to look at the picture again for this step.

The three diodes are polarized devices and MUST be installed correctly. The band on the end of the diode (on the

cathode end) MUST be inserted to match the banded-cathode end as noted in the silkscreen on the PC board.

Regarding the diodes, two of them have their leads bent (down) next to the body of the diode, while the third one has

these bends made a little distance from the body of the diode. These details will be shown during the appropriate

assembly step later in these instructions.

One last time, you may want to look at the picture again for this step.

Step 3 - ASSEMBLE ICs - Part 1

IC ASSEMBLY - Part 1

This step is going to walk through the process of installing, first, just one integrated circuit. It will include, ad nauseam,

more details than most will need, and will not be reiterated in later similar steps (believe me, once will be enough). The

remaining IC installations will involve identical micro-steps, not worthy of repeating. Adjust your own assembly style and

techniques as desired.

1) Find the CD40106, a 14-pin integrated circuit, that is Jameco's #893179.

2) On a static-safe work surface, remove the IC from its packaging.

3) Using your needle nose pliers, bend 7-leads (on either side) just-slightly so that they are straighter down. Most ICs

have their leads bent outwards just slightly for self-retention in a board that is being machine assembled and wave-

soldered. Since we are hand-soldering, it will be easier to install the IC with the leads straightened out a little bit.

4) Noting the position of pin 1, install the CD40106 IC at the IC8 location (bottom-center -- see the picture with this step).

5) While holding the IC from the top to keep it installed against the top of the board, bend two diagonally opposite corner pins so that the IC stays in place when you let go of it.

6) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder all 14 pins of IC8. You may leave the pin -tips exposed, or

flush cut the excess leads, your choice.





3) Noting the position of pin 1, install the CD4049 IC at the IC23 location (bottom-left-- see the picture with this step).

4) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder all 16 pins of IC23.

IC23, the 4049, can be found on sheet 3 of the schematics, in zones 4B to 6C. There is also an extra application note document that is posted (as additional documentation) on the web site describing why IC23 was added to the original PULSALYZER design, and how it works to increase the capabilities of the PULSALYZER from measuring frequencies of about 100kHz up to its new top end of 1MHz.





3) Noting the position of pin 1, install the CD4052 IC at the IC20 location (bottom-right-- see the picture with this step).




1) Find the 74LS244, a 20-pin integrated circuit, that is Jameco's #308312.


3) Noting the position of pin 1, install the 74LS244 IC at the IC21 location (top-left-- see the picture with this step).


Note, IC21, the 74LS244, is located on sheet 2 of the schematics, in zones D1 and E1. This tri-state-controlled dual-

quad bus-buffer is always enabled, with 3 of 4 channels (per half) being used to drive the LEDs in 3 of 6 (per half)

decimal points as state and status indicators. In IC21 part B, decimal points 1, 2, and 3 (in displays 1, 2, and 3,

respectively) report the (active high logic states = LED lit) conditions for the RUN, START, and the 1Hz clock signals,

respectively. In IC21 part A, decimal point 6 (left most display) is lit when there is an over-run error. The two spare

decimal points, 4 & 5, are also driven by this half of IC21. If the user wishes to use these decimal points for some kind of

visual indication, wire the source of the signal to either donut 4 or 5 (just above IC21's pins 2 and 4, respectively). If

these inputs are left with no connections (default condition), then the decimal point LEDs for digits 4 & 5 will be lit

whenever power is applied.



1) Find the seven pieces of the CD4017, 16-pin integrated circuits, that are Jameco's #893611.

2) On a static-safe work surface, remove the ICs from their packaging.

3) Noting the position of pin 1, install the CD4017 ICs at the seven locations: IC1, IC2, IC3, IC4, IC5, IC6, and IC7 (see

the picture with this step).

4) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder all 16 pins of each of all seven ICs.

Note, these seven CD4017 ICs are located on sheet 1 of the schematics. ICs 1 -to- 6 form the divide by one-million

counter (see the block diagram presented in step 1's picture). This counter string is the source for the 100kHz self-test

signal, is the source for the 10Hz self-test signal, and is the source for the 1Hz signal that forms the basis for the 'count-

enable' signal during frequency measurements, and drives the decimal point on digit 3 as an indication that the oscillator

and the divide-by-one-million counter string is alive a well. IC 7 is the heart of the main sequential state machine for the

PULSALYZER (using some interesting control and feedback tricks with some associated CD4013's).

APPLICATION HINT:

If the user needs 50% duty cycle signals on decade-boundaries, (for use with the PULSALYZER or its under-test

circuitry) like 10kHz, 1kHz, and 100Hz, as examples, they can be easily tapped from pin 12 of IC2, IC3, and IC4,

respectively. Just make sure that the device under test shares the same ground connection as the PULSALYZER.

Also, if the device-under-test is running at a different voltage than the PULSALYZER's 5-volts, then it is recommended

that a series resistor be installed between the PULSALYZER (output) signals and the inputs to the destination circuitry,

to limit the current flowing if the destination circuits' over-voltage protection circuitry activates. This is especially

important if the device-under-test, the application circuitry, is running at 3.3volt logic levels.



1) Find the five pieces of the CD4013, 14-pin integrated circuits, that are Jameco's #893443.


3) Noting the position of pin 1, install the CD4013 ICs at the five locations: IC9, IC10, IC17, IC18, and IC19 (see the

picture with this step).

4) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder all 14 pins of each of all five ICs.

Note: These dual D-Flip Flops are mostly used with IC7 as parts of the sequential state machine functions, and the edge

detectors (see the block diagram portion of the picture in step 1). Three individual (1-1/2 IC packages) flip-flops can be

found in a vertical row in zones B2 to D2 on sheet 1 of the schematics. One more flip-flop is the Over-run Error 'memory'

that can be found on sheet 2 of the schematics in zone B1. Another single flip-flop creates two phases of the input

signal in zone A3 on sheet 3 of the schematics. And the remaining five flip-flops (2-1/2 packages) are the Edge

Detectors in the lower left quadrant of sheet 3 of the schematics. There are copious quantities of notes on the

schematics to describe how these flip-flops operate in the PULSALYZER.



1) Find the six pieces of the CD40110, 16-pin integrated circuits, that are Jameco's #676502.


3) Noting the position of pin 1, install the CD40110 ICs at the six locations: IC11, IC12, IC13, IC14, IC15, and IC16

(see the picture with this step).

4) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder all 16 pins of each of all six ICs.

Note: These six ICs are the main counter string, cascaded decade counters with integrated latches, seven-segment

display decoders, and high-power (for CMOS anyway) Anode drivers for the digit LEDs but NOT their decimal points

(which are driven separately by IC21 which you have already installed back in step 6).

Singly these individual IC's can count at a 1MHz rate at 5-volts. However, due to the internal clock (spike) generation

techniques deployed within these ICs, and the carry-out 'ripple' method used, a string of six cascaded CD40110's can

only reliably count at an aggregate 100kHz rate. IC23 was installed (in step 4) to fix this apparent skew issue, allowing

the PULSALYZER to reliably clock at a full 1MHz rate for its various measurement modes. A separate application note

on the web site under 'additional documents' provides more technical details on the issue and its fix for those who might

be interested.

Step 10 - RESISTOR NETWORKs Assembly

RESISTOR NETWORK ASSEMBLY OPTIONS NOTICE:

Way back in step 2, under the topic of Assembly options, topic 2, a discussion regarding these resistor packs was presented. If you have decided to use brighter displays for your PULSALYZER, and if you have since ordered and obtained the 220ohms versions (Jameco #108564), then proceed using the replacement parts. If you are waiting for these lower resistance resistor networks to arrive, you may temporarily skip this step (until later). If you have decided to use the 'stock' 330ohms resistors for your PULSALYZER, then proceed:

1) Find the six pieces of the 4116R-1-331 16-pin resistor networks, that are Jameco's #108572 or find the six pieces of

4116R-1-221 if you are using the brighter displays exercising the assembly option, that are Jameco's #108564.

2) These resistor packs are non-polarized; so the pin 1 location is NOT important. Install the resistor networks at the six

locations: RN1, RN2, RN3, RN4, RN5, and RN6 (see the picture with this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder all 16 pins of each of all six ICs.

NOTE: These resistor networks contain eight isolated (not bussed) resistors. Seven of them are used for driving the

seven LED segments for each of their corresponding displays. The eighth resistor in each pack is dedicated to limiting

the current to each (corresponding) display's (right hand) decimal point. The decimal point LED's anode drive is coming

from IC21 (which you already installed back in step 6).

Step 11 - 7-Segment LED digit DISPLAYs Assembly SEVEN SEGMENT LED DIGIT DISPLAYs ASSEMBLY

IMPORTANT: Study the picture associated with this step.

OPTIONS NOTICE:

Way back in step 2, under the topic of Assembly options, topic 1, a discussion regarding these Red LED DISPLAYS was presented. If you have decided to use:

1) ORANGE Displays, Jameco #334880, and have since ordered and obtained these displays, then proceed using

these optional parts; or

2) GREEN Displays, Jameco #334862, and have since ordered and obtained these displays, then proceed using these

optional parts; or you have ordered these optional displays but they have not yet arrived, then temporarily skip this

step (until later). If you have decided to use the 'stock' Red LED Displays for your PULSALYZER, then proceed:

1) Find the six displays you intend to use (see options above).

2) These displays are polarized; so the pin 1 location is important.

The square pad is pin 1 in the bottom left corner of each display's location. It is easiest to orient the display properly by ensuring that the right hand decimal point is on the bottom edge of each display location. (see the picture with this step). Install the seven segment LED displays at the six locations: DISP1, DISP2, DISP3, DISP4, DISP5, and DISP6 (see the picture with this step). 3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder all 10 pins of each of all six Display Modules.

Step 12 - ASSEMBLE Resistors - Part 1

Two 470ohms Resistors ASSEMBLY


1) Find the two 470ohms 1/4watt resistors. They will be 2 of 10 packaged (usually in a bag of their own) sold in lots of

10 with the Jameco Part #690785.

While some manufacturers mark their resistors in some unique ways at times, more often than not they do conform to

the established standards. Regardless, there should be, in sequence, at least three color bands of YELLOW and

VIOLET and BROWN for:

4 [yellow] = (most significant digit),

7 [violet] = (least significant digit), and

1 [brown] = (number of zeroes) for 470ohms. The (next) GOLD band (see the resistor detail in the picture for this

step) usually signifies 5% (versus silver for 10%) while the remaining band or bands often signify temperature

coefficients and sometimes materials used. The banding is different for higher accuracy resistors, where 1% devices

have three bands of significant digits instead of 2.

2) Bend the leads (down) at the body of the resistors as shown. (see the picture with this step).

As noted in step 2, the silkscreen identifiers for resistors consists simply of the number of the resistor, where the

implied 'R' is omitted.

Install the two bent-lead 470ohms resistors at the two locations: (R)6 and (R)7 (see the picture with this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of each of both 470ohms Resistors.

NOTE: There will be 8 of these resistors left over (not used) in this kit's assembly work; put them in your bench stock for

future use.


Five 10kOhms Resistors ASSEMBLY


1) Find the five 10kOhms 1/4watt resistors. They will be 5 of 10 packaged (usually in a bag of their own) sold in lots of

10 with the Jameco Part #691104.

There should be, in sequence, at least three color bands of

BROWN and BLACK and ORANGE for:

1 [brown] = (most significant digit),

0 [black] = (least significant digit), and

3 [orange] = (number of zeroes) for 10,000ohms, or 10kOhms.

2) Bend the leads (down) at the body of the resistors as shown. (see the picture with this step).

Install the five bent-lead 10kOhms resistors at the five locations: (R)1, (R)2, (R)3, (R)4 and (R)5 (see the picture with

this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of each of all five 10kOhms Resistors.


future use.


One 1MOhms Resistor ASSEMBLY


1) Find the one 1MOhms 1/4watt resistor. It will be 1 of 10 packaged (usually in a bag of their own) sold in lots of 10

with the Jameco Part #691585.

There should be, in sequence, at least three color bands of

BROWN and BLACK and GREEN for:

1 [brown] = (most significant digit),

0 [black] = (least significant digit), and

5 [green] = (number of zeroes) for 1,000,000ohms, or 1MOhms.

2) Bend the leads (down) at the body of the resistor as shown. (see the picture with this step).

Install the one bent-lead 1MOhms resistor at the one location: (R)8 (see the picture with this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of the one 1MOhms Resistor.


future use.

Step 15 - ASSEMBLY Capacitors - Part 1

Three 1nF Capacitors ASSEMBLY

IMPORTANT: Study the picture associated with this step. NOTE: The actual capacitors you have may not look exactly

like those shown in the picture associated with this step, nor like those shown in the image for this capacitor on

Jameco's web site page for this component. Therefore, look at the numbers carefully...

1) Find the three 0.001uF monolithic epoxy dipped capacitors.

They will be 3 of 10 packaged (usually in a bag of their own) sold in lots of 10 with the Jameco Part #81517. There might be a code of '102' printed on this small capacitor. Similar to resistor coding, the first two digits are

significant while the last indicates the number of zeroes to add, and the total usually is for pF (10 to the minus-twelfth

farads).

1 = (most significant digit),

0 = (least significant digit), and

2 = (number of zeroes to add) for 1000pF. Also note that 1000pF = 1nF = 0.001uF (sometimes confusing)

2) The leads of these capacitors are radial (not axial) and are ready for immediate (no bending required) installation into

the 0.10" spaced holes provided for them. (see the picture with this step).

IMPORTANT NOTE: There are no silkscreen references for any capacitors (too small); so study the picture carefully to

ensure proper placement. Reference designators are included with these instructions for finding them in the

schematics, if needed or desired. These three capacitors support the operations performed by IC23, found on sheet

3 of the schematics.

The PULSALYZER will not work properly if these three capacitors are the wrong value capacitors in these three

locations.

Install the three 0.001uF capacitors at the three locations: C31, C32, C33 as shown (see the picture with this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of all three capacitors.

NOTE: There will be 7 of these capacitors left over (not used) in this kit's assembly work; put them in your bench stock

for future use.


Four 0.1uF Capacitors ASSEMBLY




1) Find the four 0.1uF monolithic epoxy dipped capacitors.

They will be 4 of 10 packaged (usually in a bag of their own) sold in lots of 10 with the Jameco Part #544868. There

might be a code of '104' printed on this small capacitor. Similar to resistor coding, the first two digits are significant

while the last indicates the number of zeroes to add, and the total usually is for pF (10 to the minus-twelfth farads).








schematics, if needed or desired.

Install the four 0.1uF capacitors at the four locations: C21, C22, C29 and C30 as shown (see the picture with this

step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of all four capacitors.

NOTE: There will be 6 of these capacitors left over (not used) in this kit's assembly work; put them in your bench stock

for future use.


Six 1uF Capacitors ASSEMBLY




1) Find the six 1uF monolithic epoxy dipped capacitors.

They will be 6 of the Jameco Part #544956.

There might be a code of '105' printed on this small capacitor. Similar to resistor coding, the first two digits are


farads).



5 = (number of zeroes to add) for 1000000pF.

Also note that 1000000pF = 1000nF = 1uF (sometimes confusing)


the 0.20" spaced holes provided for them.

NOTE: These are the only capacitors with 0.2" lead spacings; all the others are 0.1" lead spacings. (see the picture with this step).



schematics, if needed or desired. These particular capacitors are used as "bulk" filters, large local energy reservoirs

for the power drivers for the displays. Install the six 1uF capacitors at the six locations: C23, C24, C25, C26, C27 and

C28 as shown (see the picture with this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of all six capacitors.


First Ten 0.01uF Capacitors ASSEMBLY




ASSEMBLY NOTE: Due to the fact that 20 of these capacitors are being installed, the assembly tasks are being broken

into two different steps to simplify the operations.

1) Find ten (of twenty) 0.01uF monolithic epoxy dipped capacitors.

They will be 10 of 30 packaged (usually in a bag of their own) sold in lots of 30 with the Jameco Part #1910129.



farads).







ensure proper placement.

Install the ten 0.01uF capacitors at the ten locations: C1 through C10 as shown (see the picture with this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of all ten capacitors.

NOTE: There will be 20 of these capacitors left over in this kit's assembly work, but don't put them in your bench stock

for future use, yet. The next step will use ten more of these capacitors


Last Ten 0.01uF Capacitors ASSEMBLY




ASSEMBLY NOTE: Due to the fact that 20 of these capacitors are being installed, the assembly tasks are being broken

into two different steps to simplify the operations. This is the second of those two steps.

1) Find ten (of twenty) 0.01uF monolithic epoxy dipped capacitors.

They will be 10 of 30 packaged (usually in a bag of their own) sold in lots of 30 with the Jameco Part #1910129.



farads).







ensure proper placement.

Install the ten 0.01uF capacitors at the ten locations: C11 through C20 as shown (see the picture with this step).

3) With proper soldering techniques and materials, solder both leads of all ten capacitors.

NOTE: There will be 10 of these capacitors left over after this kit's assembly work; put them in your bench stock for future use.

Step 20 - ASSEMBLY Oscillator - Part 1

OSCILLATOR OPTIONS before Assembly

As mentioned (way back) in step 2, under ASSEMBLY OPTIONS, topic 4, the PULSALYZER is designed to accept

alternative oscillators (besides those that

are available from Jameco).

There are a couple of reasons for considering this optional assembly path:

1) The 1MHz oscillator (in the BOM) from Jameco, part #27861, specifies a frequency stability of 100(ppm) [parts per

million], which is OK for most applications, but can be improved upon.

2) The 'stock' oscillator also consumes (a fairly high) 45mA of current.

3) There is no jitter specification. (accuracy uncertainty increases an unknown amount)

4) There is no duty cycle specification. This is less of an issue for the PULSALYZER since it only uses the rising edge of the 1MHz clock for all of its synchronous operations. However, large duty cycle deviations from 50% are also sometimes indicators of lower accuracy devices.

5) Most other 'quality' parameters are lacking.

If the kit-builder wants to use a higher accuracy,

well-specified, much lower current component as the main timing source for the PULSALYZER, then the following

devices can be considered (as well as others not listed here, of course):

CTS Electronic Components family of MXO45 & MXO45HS HCMOS/TTL Clock Oscillators are in stock (see below) at a

couple of large distributors. The following technical information applies to both the FULL (14pin) and HALF (8pin) Can

Oscillators being presented as possible better-clock sources for the PULSALYZER:

1) Frequency stability = 50ppm (delta-F/Fo) including initial tolerance at time of shipment, changes in supply voltage,

load, temperature, and the first year aging.

2) The first year aging 'delta-F' is +/-3ppm(typ) and +/-5ppm(maximum).

3) The Commercial Operating Temperature range is -20(C) to +70(C).

4) The supply current is 10mA(typical) and only 26mA(maximum).

5) The worst case jitter specification is 50pS for the period, with the maximum phase jitter of 1pS(RMS).

6) The duty cycle is 45%(minimum) to 55%(maximum) under all operating and loading conditions.

7) Rise and Fall times, with Cl=50pF, is 8nS(typical) and 10nS(maximum).

8) Start-up time = 10mS(maximum).

Although not in stock (at the two distributors checked), these oscillators may be available with a frequency stability as

good as +/20ppm (per their data sheet).

Go to www.ctscorp.com for document 008-0258-0, rev F, for more details.

The MXO45HS-3C-1M000 (8-pin, no tri-state control) is available at Digi-Key (#CTX745-ND)

The MXO45HST-3C-1M0000 (8-pin with tri-state control) is available at Mouser (#774-MXO45HST-3C-1.0) The MXO45- 3C-1M0000 (14-pin, no tri-state control is available at Digi-Key (#CTX775-ND) and it is available at Mouser (#774- MXO45-3C-1.0).

Choose which oscillator to use before proceeding to step 21 for its assembly; or skip step 21 until later.

http://www.ctscorp.com/

PULSALYZER PART NO. 2226601Preferably an anti-static mat or metal workbench surface since this kit...

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Transcript of PULSALYZER PART NO. 2226601Preferably an anti-static mat or metal workbench surface since this kit...