Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
-
Upload
alicelim01 -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
1/20
Pulmonary Volumes andPulmonary Volumes and
CapacitiesCapacities
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
2/20
SpirometrySpirometry Is the process of measuring volumes of airIs the process of measuring volumes of air
that move into and out of the respiratorythat move into and out of the respiratorysystem.system.
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
3/20
SpirometerSpirometer Is the device that is used to measureIs the device that is used to measure
these pulmonary volumesthese pulmonary volumes
Measurements of the respiratory volumesMeasurements of the respiratory volumescan provide information about the healthcan provide information about the healthof the lungs.of the lungs.
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
4/20
SpirometerSpirometer
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
5/20
F
our Pulmonary VolumesF
our Pulmonary Volumes Tidal VolumeTidal Volume
Inspiratory Reserve VolumeInspiratory Reserve Volume Expiratory Reserve VolumeExpiratory Reserve Volume
Residual VolumeResidual Volume
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
6/20
T
idal VolumeT
idal Volume Is the volume of air inspired and expiredIs the volume of air inspired and expired
with each breathwith each breath
At rest, quiet breathing results in a tidalAt rest, quiet breathing results in a tidalvolume of aboutvolume of about 500 milliliters500 milliliters (mL).(mL).
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
7/20
I
nspiratory Reserve VolumeI
nspiratory Reserve Volume Is the amount of air that can be inspiredIs the amount of air that can be inspired
forcefully after inspiration of the restingforcefully after inspiration of the restingtidal volume (about 3000 mL).tidal volume (about 3000 mL).
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
8/20
Ex
piratory Reserve VolumeEx
piratory Reserve Volume Is the amount of air that can be expiredIs the amount of air that can be expired
forcefully after expiration of the restingforcefully after expiration of the resting
tidal volume (about 1100 mL)tidal volume (about 1100 mL)
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
9/20
Residual VolumeResidual Volume
Is the volume of air still remaining in theIs the volume of air still remaining in therespiratory passages and lungs afterrespiratory passages and lungs after
maximum expiration (about 1200 mL)maximum expiration (about 1200 mL)
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
10/20
The tidal volume increases when a personThe tidal volume increases when a personis more active. Because the maximumis more active. Because the maximum
volume of the respiratory system does notvolume of the respiratory system does notchange from moment to moment, thechange from moment to moment, theincrease in the tidal volume causes aincrease in the tidal volume causes a
decrease in the inspiratory and expiratorydecrease in the inspiratory and expiratoryreserve volumes.reserve volumes.
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
11/20
Lung Volumes and Lung CapacitiesLung Volumes and Lung Capacities
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
12/20
Pulmonary CapacityPulmonary Capacity
Is the sum of two or more pulmonaryIs the sum of two or more pulmonaryvolumesvolumes
Examples:Examples:
Functional Residual CapacityFunctional Residual Capacity
Inspiratory CapacityInspiratory Capacity
Vital CapacityVital Capacity
Total Lung CapacityTotal Lung Capacity
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
13/20
Functional Residual CapacityFunctional Residual Capacity
Is the expiratory reserve volume plus theIs the expiratory reserve volume plus theresidual volume, which is the amount ofresidual volume, which is the amount of
air remaining in the lungs at the end of aair remaining in the lungs at the end of anormal expiration (about 2300 mL at rest)normal expiration (about 2300 mL at rest)
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
14/20
Inspiratory CapacityInspiratory Capacity
Is the tidal volume plus the inspiratoryIs the tidal volume plus the inspiratoryreserve volume, which is the amount of airreserve volume, which is the amount of air
that a person can inspire maximally after athat a person can inspire maximally after anormal expiration (about 3500 mL at rest)normal expiration (about 3500 mL at rest)
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
15/20
Vital CapacityVital Capacity
Is the sum of the inspiratory reserveIs the sum of the inspiratory reservevolume, the tidal volume and thevolume, the tidal volume and the
expiratory reserve volumeexpiratory reserve volume
It is the maximum volume of air that aIt is the maximum volume of air that aperson can expel from his respiratory tractperson can expel from his respiratory tract
after a maximum inspiration (about 4600after a maximum inspiration (about 4600mL)mL)
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
16/20
Total Lung CapacityTotal Lung Capacity
Is the sum of the inspiratory andIs the sum of the inspiratory andexpiratory reserves and the tidal andexpiratory reserves and the tidal and
residual volumes (about 5800 mL).residual volumes (about 5800 mL).
The total lung capacity is also equal to theThe total lung capacity is also equal to thevital capacity plus the residual volume.vital capacity plus the residual volume.
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
17/20
FormulasFormulas
CapacityCapacity
Vital Capacity (VC)Vital Capacity (VC)
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
Functional ResidualFunctional Residual
CapacityCapacity
Total Lung CapacityTotal Lung Capacity
(TLC)(
TLC)
FormulaFormula
TV + IRV + ERVTV + IRV + ERV
TV + IRVTV + IRV
ERV + RVERV + RV
TV + IRV + ER + VRVTV + IRV + ER + VRV
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
18/20
Factors influencing respiratoryFactors influencing respiratory
volumesvolumes SexSex
AgeAge
Body SizeBody Size
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
19/20
Forced Expiratory Vital CapacityForced Expiratory Vital Capacity
Is the rate at which lung volume changes duringIs the rate at which lung volume changes duringdirect measurement of the vital capacitydirect measurement of the vital capacity
It is a simple and clinically important pulmonaryIt is a simple and clinically important pulmonarytesttest
How is it done?How is it done?
The individual inspires maximally and tehnThe individual inspires maximally and tehn
exhales maximally and as rapidly as possible intoexhales maximally and as rapidly as possible intoa spirometer. Then, the spirometer records thea spirometer. Then, the spirometer records thevolume of air expired per second.volume of air expired per second.
-
8/8/2019 Pulmonary Volumes and Capacities
20/20
This test can be used to help identifyThis test can be used to help identifyconditions in which the vital capacityconditions in which the vital capacity
might not be affected, but in which themight not be affected, but in which theexpiratory flow rate is reduced.expiratory flow rate is reduced.
Abnomalities that increase the resistanceAbnomalities that increase the resistanceto airflow slow the rate at which air can beto airflow slow the rate at which air can beforced out of the lungs.forced out of the lungs.