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Law 156 - ELECTORAL PROCESS AND PUBLIC OFFICE | B2015CASE DIGESTS

PubOMBUDSMAN vs CA andArmilla, et. al.

June 16, 2006Cae!", S#$,J.:]

Mica Maurinne M. AdaoL"n% &a'e (ue )" *#"+'"n' " aw .u) )/e ("&)#ne ' '*e

SUMMARY: T/e C"#"na' e( a na &"*an) "#)#e'*a''n% w)/ )/e O&e " )/e O.u('an a%an') DENRe*"3ee'$ T/e 'ae wa' )#ea)e( a' an a(n')#a)+e&"*an) "# a.u'e " au)/"#)3 an( '&"n(u&)$ DENRe*"3ee' a+e##e( )/a) )/e3 !u') &"n(u&)e( a #e"&a)"n'u#+e3 *u#'uan) )" RTC O#(e#$ T/e O.u(an ('''e()/e na &a'e .u) #ue( )/a) #e'*"n(en)' we#e %u)3 "'*e '&"n(u&) an( *"'e( "n )/e )/e *ena)3 "'u'*en'"n "# "ne "n)/$ 4R wa' (ene($ On a**ea, CA

#ue( )/a) )/e O.u('an /a' n" *"we# )" *"'e )/e*ena)3 " 'u'*en'"n .e&au'e )' *"we# ' )e( )"#e&"en(a)"n " *ena)e'$ O.u('an a**eae( )" )/eSC &an% )/a) )/e */#a'e en'u#e &"*an&e )/e#ew)/*e' )/a) )' #e&"en(a)"n ' n") e#e3 (#e&)"#3 .u)' an(a)"#3$ SC #e+e#'e( )/e CA #un%$ O.u('an /a'*"we# )" *"'e a *ena)3 " 'u'*en'"n$

DOCTRIN:T/e O&e " )/e O.u('an wa' n)en(e( )"*"''e'' u a(n')#a)+e ('&*na#3 au)/"#)3, n&u(n%)/e *"we# )" *"'e )/e *ena)3 " #e"+a, 'u'*en'"n,(e")"n, ne, &en'u#e, "# *#"'e&u)"n " a *u.& "&e# "#

e*"3ee "un( )" .e a) au)$ T/e awa7e#' en+'"ne()/e O&e " )/e O.u('an )" .e 8an a&)+') wa)&/an,8n") e#e3 a *a''+e "ne$

U3 +$ San(%an.a3an9 Cea#3, )/e P/**ne O.u('an(e*a#)' #" )/e &a''&a O.u('an "(e w/"'eun&)"n ' e#e3 )" #e&e+e an( *#"&e'' )/e *e"*e:'&"*an)' a%an') &"##u*) an( a.u'+e %"+e#nen)*e#'"nne$ T/e P/**ne O.u('an, a' *#")e&)"# " )/e*e"*e, ' a#e( w)/ )/e *"we# )" *#"'e&u)e e##n% *u.&"&e#' an( e*"3ee', %+n% / an a&)+e #"e n )/e

en"#&een) " aw' "n an)-%#a) an( &"##u*) *#a&)&e' an('u&/ ")/e# ";en'e' )/a) a3 .e &"))e( .3 'u&/ "&e#'an( e*"3ee'$ T/e e%'a)u#e /a' +e')e( / w)/ .#"a(*"we#' )" ena.e / )" *een) /' "wn a&)"n'$

T/e C"#"na'

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#e"&a)"n 'u#+e3$ A#a, e) a an)ane( )/a) )/e3 we#ee#e3 a&)n% n )/e *e#"#an&e " )/e# "&a un&)"n'an( &"*3n% w)/ a &"u#) "#(e#$

F"# /' *a#), A##e%a(a' a+e##e( n /' &"un)e#-a(a+) )/a)

/e wa' n") *a#) " )/e DENR Su#+e3 Tea )a'7e( )" #e"&a)ean( "nuen) )/e we')e#n ."un(a#3 &"#ne#' " )/e Su("nNa)"na Pa#7$ e e) w)/ )/e %#"u* .#e3 "n O&)".e# 25,1@@@ .u) 'n&e )/en, /e /a( n") #e)u#ne( n"# /a( .een*/3'&a3 *#e'en) n'(e )/e 'a( *a#7 "# a#ea )/a) /e /a(ae%e(3 )#e'*a''e( "n$ en&e, )/e &/a#%e a%an') / wa'.a'ee'' an( a&"u'$

T/e G#a) In+e')%a)"n O&e# " )/e O&e " )/eO.u('an, ('''e( )/e na &"*an) "# a&7 "*#".a.e &au'e$ "we+e#, n )/e a(n')#a)+e &a'e, )/eO&e " )/e O.u('an #en(e#e( )/e De&'"n, n(n%

)/a), e&e*) "# A##e%a(a', )/e ")/e# nae( DENRe*"3ee' are !uilt" #$ sim%le misndu&t andim%#sed #n t'em t'e %enalt" #$ sus%ensi#n $#r #nem#nt'.4R " 'a( (e&'"n wa' (ene($

U*"n a**ea, CA a#e( )/e n(n% " )/e O&e " )/eO.u('an )/a) A#a, e) a$ we#e %u)3 " '*e'&"n(u&)$ "we+e#, ) #ue( )/a) )/e O&e " )/eO.u('an &"))e( %#a+e a.u'e " ('e)"n n*"'n% "n )/e )/e *ena)3 " 'u'*en'"n "# "ne "n)/$C)n% )/e &a'e " Ta*a("# +$ O&e " )/e O.u('an, CAde&lared t'at t'e O(&e #$ t'e Ombudsman)s %#*er is

limited #nl" t# t'e remmendati#n #$ t'e %enalt" #$rem#val, sus%ensi#n, dem#ti#n, +ne, &ensure, #r%r#se&uti#n #$ a %ubli& #(&er #r em%l#"ee $#und t#be at $ault$ A&&"#(n%3, ) /a' n" *"we# )" *"'e )/e*ena)3 " 'u'*en'"n "n A#a, e) a$en&e, )/' *e))"n$

ISSU: DOS T OMBUDSMAN A- T POR TOIMPOS A PNA/TY O0 SUSPNSION1RU/IN2: YS.

Petitioners (Ombudsman) Arguments1$ T/e ')a)een) n )/e Ta*a("# &a'e (e&a#n% )/a) )/e

*"we# " )/e O&e " )/e O.u('an )" .e )e("n3 )" )/e #e&"en(a)"n " )/e *ena)3 "#e"+a, 'u'*en'"n, (e")"n, ne, &en'u#e "#

*#"'e&u)"n " a *u.& "&e# "# e*"3ee "un( )".e a) au)$ A&&"#(n% ' e#e ".)e# (&)u$2$ A*a#) #" )/e *"we#' an( un&)"n' " )/e O&e "

)/e O.u('an enue#a)e( n )/e C"n'))u)"n, )e*#e''3 au)/"#e( C"n%#e'' )" %#an) )/e O&e ")/e O.u('an a(()"na *"we#'$ Pu#'uan) )" )/'&"n'))u)"na a), C"n%#e'' ena&)e( RA$ 6HH0+e')n% n )/e O.u('an u a(n')#a)+e('&*na#3 *"we#'$1

$ Pe))"ne# ')#e''e' )/a) )/e %#an) " a(n')#a)+e('&*na#3 au)/"#)3 )" )/e O&e " )/eO.u('an ' n") *#"/.)e( .3, "# n&"n'')en)

w)/, )/e C"n'))u)"n$ I) n+"7e' )/e e%'a)+e/')"#3 " Re*u.& A&) N"$ 6HH0 )" .u))#e'' )' &a)/a) ) wa' )/e n)en)"n " )/e awa7e#' )" *#"+(e"# an n(e*en(en) &"n'))u)"na ."(3 )/a) w"u('e#+e a' 8)/e *#")e&)"# " )/e *e"*e8 w)/ 8#ea*"we#'$8

$ Pe))"ne# #e)e#a)e' )/a) )' ('&*na#3 au)/"#)3ne&e''a#3 n&u(e' )/e au)/"#)3 )" (e)e#ne )/e*ena)3 n an a(n')#a)+e *#"&ee(n% an( &au'e )'*een)a)"n$

5$ Se&)"n 1

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"&a "# e*"3ee a) au), an( #e&"en( /'#e"+a, 'u'*en'"n, (e")"n, ne, &en'u#e, "#*#"'e&u)"n, an( en'u#e &"*an&e )/e#ew)/$8A&&"#(n% )" *e))"ne#, )/e &au'e 8ensurem%lian&e t'ere*it'8 )a7en )"%e)/e# w)/ )/e

)e# 8#e&"en(8 &"nn")e' an element #$m%ulsi#n su&' t'at t'e latter d#es n#tmerel" si!ni$" 3t# advise3 #r 3t# %res&ribe$8Ra)/e#, )/e &au'e 8en'u#e &"*an&e )/e#ew)/8*#e'.e' )/a) )/e O.u('an *#"&e(u#a3 *a'' "n)" )/e /ea( " "&e &"n&e#ne( )/e *"')"n " )/e*ena)3 "n )/e *u.& "&e# a) au), an( )/en&"*e' 'a( /ea( )" en"#&e )/e 'ae *ena)3$ T/'eeen) " &"*u'"n, *e))"ne# )/e"#e', wa'*#"+(e( .3 )/e #ae#' " )/e C"n'))u)"n n "#(e#)" 7ee* )/e O.u('an #" .e&"n% a 8)"")/e'')%e#,8 a 8eunu&/8 "# a 8'&a#e"w$8

Respondents (Armilla, et al ) CounterArguments4. A#a, e) a$

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C"n'))u)"n an( n Re*u.& A&) N"$ 6HH0 n)en(e( )/a) )/e*een)a)"n " )/e "#(e# .e &"u#'e( )/#"u%/ )/e *#"*e#"&e#$

In t'e %resent &ase, t'e C#urt similarl" u%'#lds t'e

O(&e #$ t'e Ombudsman)s %#*er t# im%#se t'e%enalt" #$ rem#val, sus%ensi#n, dem#ti#n, +ne,&ensure, #r %r#se&uti#n #$ a %ubli& #(&er #rem%l#"ee $#und t# be at $ault, in t'e e

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O.u('an$ I) 'u.')an)a3 #e)e#a)e' )/e &"n'))u)"na*#"+'"n' #ea)n% )" )/e O&e " )/e O.u('an$

T/e e*ana)"n " Sena)"# E(%a#(" An%a#a, "ne " )/e'*"n'"#' " Sena)e B N"$ 5 w/&/, a' &"n'"(a)e( w)/

"u'e B N"$ 166, .e&ae RA 6HH0, ' n')#u&)+e9 )/eO.u('an /e#e ' %#an)e( )/e *"we# " ('&*nn% *u.&"&e#' an( e*"3ee', w/e ")/e# ."(e' a3 n") .e '"au)/"#e(M 'e&"n(, )/e C"n'))u)"n )'e e*"we#' )/eO&e " )/e O.u('an e#e3 )" n+e')%a)e an( #e+ewM.u) )/e . /e#e au)/"#e' )/e O.u('an, an( %#an)' )/e*"we# " ('&*nn% *u.& "&e#' an( e*"3ee'$ I) %"e'.e3"n( )/e &"n'))u)"na *#"+'"n I (" n") 'ee an3&"n&)$ T/e %#an) " ('&*na#3 *"we# ' '"e)/n% )/a))/e C"n'))u)"n ("e' n") "#.($ I 'u.) )/a) )/e ean',)/a) ', )/e ('&*na#3 *"we#, ' ne&e''a#3 )" a&/e+n% )/a)".!e&)+e " a7n% an e;e&)+e O.u('an$

T/e e%'a)+e /')"#3 " Re*u.& A&) N"$ 6HH0 )/u' .ea#'"u) )/e &"n&u'"n )/a) )/e O&e " )/e O.u('an wa'n)en(e( )" *"''e'' u a(n')#a)+e ('&*na#3au)/"#)3, n&u(n% )/e *"we# )" *"'e )/e *ena)3 "#e"+a, 'u'*en'"n, (e")"n, ne, &en'u#e, "#*#"'e&u)"n " a *u.& "&e# "# e*"3ee "un( )" .e a)au)$ T/e awa7e#' en+'"ne( )/e O&e " )/eO.u('an )" .e 8an a&)+') wa)&/an,8 n") e#e3 a*a''+e "ne$

An( )/' n)en) wa' %+en +a(a)"n .3 )/e C"u#) n U" v.

Sandi!anba"an, w/e#e ) ')a)e( )/a)9 Cea#3, )/eP/**ne O.u('an (e*a#)' #" )/e &a''&aO.u('an "(e w/"'e un&)"n ' e#e3 )" #e&e+e an(*#"&e'' )/e *e"*e:' &"*an)' a%an') &"##u*) an( a.u'+e%"+e#nen) *e#'"nne$ T'e P'ili%%ine Ombudsman, as%r#te&t#r #$ t'e %e#%le, is armed *it' t'e %#*er t#%r#se&ute errin! %ubli& #(&ers and em%l#"ees,!ivin! 'im an a&tive r#le in t'e en$#r&ement #$ la*s#n anti=!ra$t and rru%t %ra&ti&es and su&' #t'er#>enses t'at ma" be mmitted b" su&' #(&ers and

em%l#"ees$ T/e e%'a)u#e /a' +e')e( / w)/ .#"a(*"we#' )" ena.e / )" *een) /' "wn a&)"n'$

I) ' n")e( )/a) )/e O&e " )/e O.u('an an( )/ea**ea)e &"u#) n+a#a.3 "un( #e'*"n(en)' %u)3 " '*e

'&"n(u&)$ T/e C"u#) a#' )/' n(n% ""wn% )/e'au)a#3 #ue )/a) a&)ua n(n%' " a(n')#a)+e ."(e'a#e a&&"#(e( %#ea) #e'*e&) .3 )/' C"u#)$

EREFORE, *#e'e' &"n'(e#e(, )/e *e))"n ' GRANTED$T/e De&'"n (a)e( " )/e C"u#) " A**ea' ' RE>ERSEDAND SET ASIDE$ T/e De&'"n (a)e( O&)".e# 2, 2001 " )/eO&e " )/e O.u('an ' REINSTATED$

ANNE9 POERS OF TE O4BUDS4AN UNDER RA 6HH0

Se&. 4?. P#*ers, 0un&ti#ns and Duties$ T/e O&e ")/e O.u('an '/a /a+e )/e ""wn% *"we#', un&)"n'an( (u)e'9

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w)/n +e

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&"n)#a#3 )" A#)&e >II, Se&)"n 152" )/e 1@?HC"n'))u)"n$

/e )/e a))e# wa' *en(n% .e"#e )/e CSC, )/#ee" )/e e*"3ee' e( w)/ )/e CSC a &a "#*a3en) " )/e# 'aa#e'$ T/e3 ae%e(9

o )/a) a)/"u%/ )/e# a**"n)en)' we#e(e&a#e( *e#anen) .3 )/e D#e&)"# II " )/eCSC Fe( O&e .a'e( n Que"n, De Raaw)//e( )/e *a3en) " )/e# 'aa#e' an(.ene)' *u#'uan) )" O&e O#(e# N"$ @5-01,w/e#en )/e a**"n)en)' " )/e 'a( "u#)eena&an&39 Pe#'"nne See&)"n B"a#($

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RA H01 ("e' n") *#"+(e )/a) e+e#3a**"n)en) )" )/e "&a %"+e#nen)'e#+&e u') .e a(e w)/n "u#

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*#e'en)e( n )/e 'u**een) )" /' ea#e#&"n'"(a)e( a**ea an( ")"n "# #e&"n'(e#a)"n$T/e CA '*3 ('''e( *e))"ne#:' ae%a)"n' an(("&uen)' a))a&/e( )" )/e 'u**een)a *ea(n%"# )/e3 (( n") &"n'))u)e new e+(en&e )/a) a &"u#),

."a#( "# )#.una a3 en)e#)an$ T/e#e ' n" ue')"n )/a) *a#)e' a3 e

'u**een)a *ea(n%' )" 'u**3 (e&en&e' n a(" an "#%na *ea(n%, .u) w/&/ '/"u( n") en)#e3'u.'))u)e )/e a))e#$

o Su**een)a *ea(n%' u') .e w)/#ea'"na.e n")&e, an( ) ' ('e)"na#3 u*"n)/e &"u#) "# )#.una )" a"w )/e 'ae "# n")$T/u', )/e CSC wa' un(e# n" ".%a)"n )"a() )/e 'u**een)a *ea(n%$

o Se&"n(3, a 'u**een)a *ea(n% u') ')a)e

)#an'a&)"n', "&&u##en&e' "# e+en)' w/&/

)""7 *a&e 'n&e )/e )e )/e *ea(n% '"u%/))" .e 'u**een)e( wa' e($ In )/e n')an)&a'e, *e))"ne# ae%e( #au( an(##e%ua#)e' )/a) 'u**"'e(3 "&&u##e(&"n)e*"#ane"u' )" )/e ee&u)"n " )/ea**"n)en)'$ T/e3 '/"u( /a+e .een #a'e(a) )/e +e#3 #') "**"#)un)3$ T/e CA an( CSCfound that the allegations in his 'u**een)a*ea(n% (( n") &"n'))u)e new e+(en&e)/a) &an .e )/e *#"*e# 'u.!e&) " a'u**een)a *ea(n%$ T/e'e we#e "( a&)'an( ''ue' w/&/ /e ae( )" #a'e ea#e#$

Be )/a) a' ) a3, )/e'e ae%e( ##e%ua#)e' we#e&"n'(e#e( .3 )/e CSC an( )/e C"u#) " A**ea' a'new ''ue' w/&/ we#e #a'e( "# )/e #') )e "na**ea$ I) ' #a)/e# )"" a)e "# *e))"ne# )" #a'e)/e'e ''ue' "# )/e #') )e "n a**ea$ I) ' we-'e))e( )/a) ''ue' "# ue')"n' " a&) &ann") .e#a'e( "# )/e #') )e "n a**ea$

R/-ANT T'e a%%#intments *ere -A/ID

o T/e "u#)een

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T/e a**"n)en)' a3 "n3 .e #e&ae( "n %#"un('"un( n Se&$ 20, Rue >I6" On.u' I*een)n%Re%ua)"n' " )/e Re+'e( A(n')#a)+e C"(e$

An a**"n)en) ''ue( n a&&"#(an&e w)/ *e#)nen)aw' an( #ue' '/a )a7e e;e&) e(a)e3 u*"n )'

''uan&e .3 )/e a**"n)n% au)/"#)3, an( )/ea**"n)ee /a' a''ue( )/e (u)e' " )/e *"')"n, /e'/a .e en))e( )" #e&e+e /' 'aa#3 a) "n&e w)/"u)awa)n% )/e a**#"+a " /' a**"n)en) .3 )/eC"''"n$ T/e a**"n)en) '/a #ean e;e&)+eun) ('a**#"+e( .3 )/e C"''"n$ KSe&$ 10, IRR "A(n C"(e

R0OR, n +ew " a )/e "#e%"n%, )/e n')an)*e))"n "# #e+ew ' DENIED an( )/e Re'"u)"n " )/e C"u#)" A**ea' n CA-G$R$ SP N"$ 2?@6 a#n% CSCRe'"u)"n' N"'$ @6-2?2? an( @6-H52H ' /e#e.3 AFFIR4ED

in toto.

N" *#"n"un&een) a' )" &"')'$

SO ORDERED$

MNDOEA,J., dissenting:

/a) )/e a!"#)3 "+e#""7' ' )/a) A#)$ >II, 15 ' '*3 an

a**&a)"n " a .#"a(e# *#n&*e )/a) a)e# )/e a**"n)n%

au)/"#)3 /a' "') )/e ee&)"n', /' ' )/e (u)3 " a *#u(en)

&a#e)a7e# " )/e "&e, an(, )/e#e"#e, /e '/"u( n")

6Se&$ 20$ N")w)/')an(n% )/e n)a a**#"+a " an a**"n)en), )/e'ae a3 .e #e&ae( "n an3 " )/e ""wn% %#"un('9

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au)/"#)3 "n )/e e+e " /' (e*a#)u#e #" "&e$ 84(n%/)

a**"n)en)'8 ";en( *#n&*e' " 8a#ne'', !u')&e an(

#%/)e"u'ne''$8 T/e3 &ann") .e e'' .a( .e&au'e )/e3 a#e

a(e a) )/e "&a e+e, .3 a3"#' an( ")/e# "&a

ee&u)+e'$

Pu.& "&e - ) &ann") .e )"" ")en #e*ea)e( - ' a *u.&

)#u')$ A' )#u')ee " a *u.& "&e, )/e (u)3 " 4a3"# 4a$

E+e3n S$ A.e!a, a' "u)%"n% ee&u)+e, wa' )" *#e'e#+e )/e

+a&an&e' n )/e un&*a %"+e#nen) "# /e# 'u&&e''"# )"

"# n") )" $ /a) )/' C"u#) 'a( n A$tona *. Castillo

a**e' w)/ eua "#&e )" )/e &a'e a) .a#9 )/e "u)%"n%

ee&u)+e ' (u)3-."un( )" *#e*a#e "# )/e "#(e#3 )#an'e# "

au)/"#)3 )" )/e n&"n% P#e'(en), /en&e '/"u( n") ("

a&)' w/&/ /e "u%/) )" 7n"w, w"u( e.a##a'' "# ".')#u&)

)/e *"&e' " /' 'u&&e''"#$

Rem#l#na v. CSCAugust !, !%%&

Puno,J$Jadd -Cururucuru/ 0ealino

SUMMARY: Inan)a:' DECS D')#&) Su*e#+'"# nu#e( w

)/e CSC #e%a#(n% 4#'$ Ne#3 Re""na:' CS e%.)3$Pu#'uan) )" )/e CSC C/a#an:' "#(e#, a *#ena#3n+e')%a)"n wa' &"n(u&)e($ On3 E')e)" Re""na, w/"wa' Ne#3:' /u'.an( an( )/e P"')a')e# " Inan)a,a**ea#e($ E')e)" '%ne( a w#))en ')a)een) " a&)', an(/e a())e( )/a) /e wa' #e'*"n'.e "# a&u#n% )/ea'e( Re*"#) " Ra)n% n a+"# " /' we$ T/e CSCa.'"+e( )/e we

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o E')e)" '%ne( a w#))en ')a)een) " a&)' #e%a#(n%/' we:' Re*"#) " Ra)n%$

o T/e w#))en ')a)een) " a&)' wa' 'ua#e( n)/e 4e"#an(u 'u.))e( .3 D#e&)"# Pa'"n$ Ba'&a3, )/e ')a)een) " a&)' 'a3' )/a)9

1= T/e Re*"#) " Ra)n% wa' ".)ane( a)e#E')e)" *a( P$57 )" an A))3$ a(!uSau*a(n, w/" /e e) "n a #an(" .u'#(e$

2= E')e)" )#e( )" u'e )/e Re*"#) " Ra)n% )"&"n+n&e DECS D')#&) Su*e#+'"#

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(u)3$ Su&/ &/a#a&)e# (ee&)' a;e&) )/e #%/) )"&"n)nue n "&e$1= T/e .a'' "# )/e *ena)3 ' Se&$ 2, Rue 1, "

)/e Rue' I*een)n% B""7 5 " )/eA(n')#a)+e C"(e$

2= D'/"ne')3, n "#(e# )" wa##an) ('''a, nee(n") .e &"))e( n )/e &"u#'e " )/e*e#"#an&e " (u)3 .3 )/e *e#'"n &/a#%e($a= Ra)"nae9

1= I a %"+e#nen) "&e# "# e*"3ee '('/"ne') "# ' %u)3 " "**#e''"n "#%#a+e '&"n(u&), )/e'e (ee&)' a;e&) )/e"&e#e*"3ee:' #%/) )" &"n)nue n"&e e+en 'u&/ (ee&)' " &/a#a&)e# a#en") &"nne&)e( w)/ /' "&e$

2= T/e G"+e#nen) &ann") )"e#a)e a('/"ne') "&a n )/e 'e#+&e, e+en

)/e3 *e#"# )/e# (u)e' &"##e&)3 an(we, .e&au'e .3 #ea'"n " )/e#%"+e#nen) *"')"n, )/e3 a#e %+en "#ean( a*e "**"#)un)3 )" &") a&)' "('/"ne')3$

= T/an7' )" )/e# "&e, 'u&/ "&a' /a+enuen&e an( *"we# 'u&/ )/a) +&)' a#ee'' ('*"'e( an( *#e*a#e( )" #e'') 'u&/e+ a&)' an( a&)ua)"n'$

.= E*"3ee': *#+a)e +e' &ann") .e 'e*a#a)e(#" )/e# *u.& +e'$

&= D'/"ne')3 #ee&)' "n )/e "&e#e*"3ee:'

)ne'' )" &"n)nue n "&e, a' we a' )/e'e#+&e:' "#ae an( ('&*ne$(= T/u', w/en "&e#'e*"3ee' a#e

('&*ne(, )/e ".!e&)+e ' )" *#"+e *u.&'e#+&e an( )/e *u.&:' a)/ an( &"n(en&en )/e %"+e#nen), n") e#e *un'/en)$

2= N", E')e)":' #%/) )" (ue *#"&e'' wa' n") +"a)e( w/en/e wa' n") a''')e( .3 &"un'e (u#n% )/e *#ena#3n+e')%a)"n$

A= T/e R%/) )" C"un'e un(e# Se&$ 12 " )/e B "R%/)' #ee#' )" 'u'*e&)' n na &a'e', w/" a#eun(e# custodialin*estigation$

B= Cu')"(a n+e')%a)"n ' w/en1= )/e *"&e n+e')%a)"n ' n" "n%e# a %ene#a

nu#3 n)" an un'"+e( e .u) /a' .e%un )""&u' "n a *a#)&ua# 'u'*e&) w/" /a( .een )a7enn)" &u')"(3 .3 )/e *"&e )" &a##3 "u) a *#"&e''" n)e##"%a)"n )/a) en(' )'e )" e&)nna)n% ')a)een)'$

2= O#, n e'' w"#('9 /en ue')"n' a#e n)a)e( .3aw en"#&een) "&e#' a)e# a *e#'"n /a' .een)a7en n)" &u')"(3 "# ")/e#w'e (e*#+e( " /'#ee(" " a&)"n n an3 '%n&an) wa3$

C= T/e R%/) )" C"un'e a))a&/e' "n3 a) )/e ')a#) " )/e&u')"(a n+e')%a)"n$

D= Un(e# )/e aw, *a#)e' n a(n')#a)+e nu#e' a3

"# a3 n") .e a''')e( .3 &"un'e, #e%a#(e'' " )/ena)u#e " )/e &/a#%e' an( )/e Re'*"n(en):' &a*a&)3)" #e*#e'en) )/e'e+e'$

E= T/e#e ' n" (u)3 "n )/e *a#) " n+e')%a)n%a(n')#a)+e ."(e' )" u#n'/ &"un'e )" )/e*e#'"n .en% n+e')%a)e(, .a'e( "n )/e 1@5@ C+Se#+&e A&)Han( On.u' Rue' I*een)n% B""75 " )/e A(n')#a)+e C"(e?$

F= In )/' &a'e9

HSe&)"n 2$ 0isciplinar$ Action.N" "&e# "# e*"3ee n )/e &+ 'e#+&e

'/a .e #e"+e( "# 'u'*en(e( e&e*) "# &au'e a' *#"+(e( .3 aw an(a)e# (ue *#"&e''9 P#"+(e(, T/a) a )#an'e# #" "ne *"')"n )" an")/e#

w)/"u) #e(u&)"n n #an7 "# 'aa#3 '/a n") .e &"n'(e#e( ('&*na#3

w/en a(e n )/e n)e#e') " *u.& 'e#+&e9 P#"+(e(, u#)/e#, T/a) n"

&"*an) a%an') a &+ 'e#+&e "&a "# e*"3ee '/a .e %+en (ue

&"u#'e une'' )/e 'ae ' n w#)n% an( 'u.'.e( an( 'w"#n )" .3 )/e

&"*anan)9 An( *#"+(e(, na3, T/a) )/e #e'*"n(en) '/a .e en))e( )"

a "#a n+e')%a)"n /e '" ee&)', n w/&/ &a'e /e '/a /a+e )/e #%/)

)" a**ea# an( (een( /'e a) 'a( n+e')%a)"n n *e#'"n "# .3 &"un'e,

)" &"n#"n) an( "''-eane )/e w)ne''e' a%an') /, an( )" /a+e )/e

a))en(an&e " w)ne''e' an( *#"(u&)"n " ("&uen)' n /' a+"# .3

&"*u'"#3 *#"&e'' " 'u.*"ena "# 'u.*"ena (u&e' )e&u$

10

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1= E')e)" ' n") a&&u'e( " a e n )/en+e')%a)"n$

2= T/e *u#*"'e " )/e n+e')%a)"n wa' )" a'&e#)ana&)' an( w/e)/e# )/e#e ' a *#a a&e &a'e$

= We', E')e)":' e)#a-!u(&a a(''"n ' a(''.e$

A= e "&&u*e' a /%/ %"+e#nen) *"')"n

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*e#'"n &/a#%e($

T/e *#n&*e ' )/a) w/en an "&e# "# e*"3ee '('&*ne(, )/e ".!e&) '"u%/) ' n") )/e *un'/en) "'u&/ "&e# "# e*"3ee .u) )/e *#"+een) " )/e *u.&

'e#+&e an( )/e *#e'e#+a)"n " )/e *u.&:' a)/ an(&"n(en&e n )/e %"+e#nen)$0ACTS:1$ A#an(" Be#na#(" wa' )/e ea( " )/e L"an' an(

D'&"un) D+'"n " )/e Lan( Ban7 " )/eP/**ne'

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4. ON t'e CA erred in a(rmin! t'e res#luti#n #$t'e CSC t'at 'e vi#lated Se&ti#n 796b8658 #$ P.D.N#. G;, im%lemented in Se&ti#n 4, Rule H-III #$t'e CSC Rules and Re!ulati#ns1 NO

Bernard#: /e #e'%ne( #" )/e 4T4SI e+en .e"#e )/e&"#*"#a)"n ')a#)e( )' .u'ne'' "*e#a)"n'$ e a''e#)')/a) )/e#e ' n" e+(en&e "n #e&"#( )/a) /e a&)ua3en%a%e( n .u'ne''$

SC:T/e e+(en&e "n #e&"#( '/"w' )/a) /e wa' n") "n3an n&"#*"#a)"#, .u) wa' a'" a e.e# " )/e B"a#( "D#e&)"#' an( wa', n a&), )/e )#ea'u#e# " 4T4SI$ E+ena)e# )/e n&"#*"#a)"n " )/e 4T4SI, /e #eane( a' a')"&7/"(e# an( a e.e# " )/e B"a#( " D#e&)"#'$ ewa' e+en ee&)e( )#ea'u#e# " )/e &"#*"#a)"n$ e an(/' we '%ne( &/e&7 +"u&/e#' " )/e &"#*"#a)"n (u#n%

)/e *e#"( " N"+e.e# 16, 1@?6 )" Au%u') 2, 1@?H9

Bernard#: /' ae%e( a&) " en%a%n% (#e&)3 n a*#+a)e .u'ne'' w)/"u) )/e #eu#e( *e#''"n wa'&"))e( "n3 (u#n% )/e n&"#*"#a)"n ')a%e " 4T4SI$

SC:T/' ' .ee( .3 )/e nue#"u' &/e&7 +"u&/e#' "4T4SI "# )/e *e#"( #" N"+e.e# 1, 1@?6 )" Au%u')2, 1@?H w/e#en )/e nae an( '%na)u#e " Be#na#(" "#/' we a**ea#e($ T/e n(n% )/a) /e en%a%e( (#e&)3n a *#+a)e .u'ne'' w)/"u) *#"# *e#''"n #" )/e/ea( " "&e a' #eu#e( .3 C+ Se#+&e #ue' an(

#e%ua)"n' ' *#"+en$

T/e *e))"ne# a'" a())e( )/a) .e"#e /e en%a%e( n.u'ne'', /e ae( )" 'e&u#e )/e *e#''"n " /'e*"3e#$

5. ON t'e %etiti#ner *as de%rived #$ 'is ri!'t t#due %r#&ess *'en t'e CA a(rmed t'e res#luti#n#$ t'e CSC +ndin! 'im administrativel" !uilt" #$!rave misndu&t and ndu&t %reudi&ial t# t'ebest interest #$ t'e servi&e based #n a&ts n#t

vered b" t'e $#rmal &'ar!es l#d!ed a!ainst'im1 NO

Bernard#: e wa' ne+e# &/a#%e( " (e*"')n% P500,000 n /' nae a' )#ea'u#e#-n-)#u') "

)/e &"#*"#a)"n, an( " w)/(#awn% )/e "ne3 "n )/e'ae (a3 w)/"u) an3 ."a#( #e'"u)"n au)/"#n% /)" (" '" *#"# )" )/e #e%')#a)"n " )/e &"#*"#a)"n:'A#)&e' " In&"#*"#a)"n w)/ )/e SEC$ De'*)e )/', )/eCSC "un( / a(n')#a)+e3 %u)3 " %#a+e'&"n(u&) an( &"n(u&) *#e!u(&a )" )/e .e') n)e#e')" )/e 'e#+&e .a'e( "n )/e 'a( a&)'$ e wa' (e*#+e( "/' #%/) )" .e n"#e( " )/e &/a#%e a%an') / an( )"a((u&e e+(en&e n /' (een'e$

SC: CSC e##e( n n(n% )/e *e))"ne# a(n')#a)+e3a.e "# (e*"')n% P500,000 n /' nae a' )#ea'u#e#-

n-)#u') " 4T4SI, an( w)/(#awn% )/e a"un) *#"# )")/e n&"#*"#a)"n )/e#e" n )/e a.'en&e " an3#e'"u)"n " )' B"a#( " D#e&)"#' au)/"#n% / )" ("'", a)/"u%/ n") ae%e( n )/e "#a &/a#%e'$ Be#na#("wa' (e*#+e( " /' #%/) )" .e n"#e( " )/e &/a#%e'a%an') /, an( )" a&&"#( / )/e #%/) )" a((u&ee+(en&e )" &"n)#"+e#) )/e 'a( &/a#%e'$

"we+e#, )/e CA )/a) )/e CSC (( n") e## n n(n% )/e*e))"ne# %u)3 " %#a+e '&"n(u&) an( &"n(u&)*#e!u(&a )" )/e .e') n)e#e') " )/e 'e#+&e .a'e( "n)/e e+(en&e "n #e&"#(

Be#na#(":' &"n)en)"n )/a) )/e#e wa' n" e%a an(a&)ua .a'' "# )/e (e&'"n " )/e 4SPB an( )/e#e'"u)"n " )/e CSC ' #e!e&)e($ LBP a((u&e( )/e#eu')e uan)u " e+(en&e )" *#"+e )/e 'e&"n(&/a#%e$ Pe# &e#)&a)e " )/e LBP, Baua% B#an&/,Be#na#(" /a( n" (e*"') a&&"un) a' )#ea'u#e#-n-)#u') "4T4SI n )/e 'a( .an7$ e (e*"')e( )/e a"un)" P500,000 n /' *e#'"na a&&"un) an( )/' )#an'a&)"nwa' #ee&)e( n /' *a''.""7$ A &u#'"#3 #ea(n% " )/e'a( *a%e w"u( ea( "ne )" &"n&u(e )/a) Be#na#(" /a(

1H0

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(e*"')e( )/e 'a( a"un), w)/"u) ('&"'n% )/a) /ea'" w)/(#ew )/e 'a( a"un) "n )/e 'ae (a3$Be#na#(" )/u' a(e a a'e ')a)een) n /' Le))e# )")/e SEC, w/en /e ')a)e( )/a) a' )#ea'u#e#-n-)#u') " )/e4T4SI /e /a( (e*"')e( P500,000 n /' a&&"un) n LBP

w/en )/e )#u)/ " )/e a))e# wa', )/e "ne3 wa'(e*"')e( n /' *e#'"na 'a+n%' a&&"un) an( wa' a'"w)/(#awn "n )/e 'ae (a3$

e a%#ee w)/ )/e 4SPB n /"(n% )/a) .3 /'a&)ua)"n', )/e *e))"ne# ' %u)3 " ('/"ne')3$ T/en&"n'')en) ')a)een)' " Be#na#(" (e')#"3 /'e(.)3, *u))n% )/e 'ae n)" 'e#"u' ("u.) (ue )" )'wea7ne''$

T/e B"a#( n(' )/a) )/' ' a &a'e " 4'#e*#e'en)a)"na"un)n% )" D'/"ne')3 an( n") Fa'&a)"n " O&a

D"&uen)'$ T" wa##an) &"n+&)"n "# Fa'&a)"n "O&a D"&uen)', )/e #e'*"n(en) u') /a+e a&)e( n/' &a*a&)3 a' an e*"3ee "# "&a " )/e LBP an(u') /a+e a)e#e( )/e %enune ("&uen) "# ee&u)e )/ea'e ("&uen) #ee+an) )" "# n &"nne&)"n w)/ )/e*e#"#an&e " /' (u)3 a' 'u&/$ I) ' &ea# #" )/e#e&"#(' )/a) Be#na#(" a&)e( n /' &a*a&)3 a' T#ea'u#e#" 4T4SI, /en&e, )/e B"a#( n(' / %u)3 "4'#e*#e'en)a)"n a"un)n% )" D'/"ne')3$ In'#e*#e'en)a)"n " a a)e#a a&), /e a(e ) a**ea#)/a) /' *e#'"na a&&"un) n LBP .e"n%' )" )/e 4T4SI*a&e( n /' nae a' T#ea'u#e#-n-T#u'), "# *u#*"'e' "

''uan&e " &e#)&a)e " n&"#*"#a)"n, .3 )/e SEC an(.3 &"n&ean% )/e )#u)/ /e &"))e( ('/"ne')3 "#(e&e) an( *u) )/e n)e%#)3 " )/e Ban7 n !e"*a#(3 )")/e *#e!u(&e " )/e .an7n% "*e#a)"n an( )" )/e(aa%e " )/e e()"#', an3, " )/e &"#*"#a)"n$

Bernard#: )/e a&)' *u)e( a' &"n'))u)n% )/e ";en'e" %#a+e '&"n(u&) we#e n") &"nne&)e( w)/ )/e*e#"#an&e " /' (u)3 a' an LBP e*"3ee "# a' a%"+e#nen) e*"3ee "# )/a) a))e#, )/e LBP an( )/eCSC /a( n" !u#'(&)"n "+e# )/e &"*an) a%an') /$

SC:T/e &au'e' w/&/ wa##an) )/e ('''a " a &+'e#+an) nee( n") ne&e''a#3 .e w"#7-#ea)e( "#&"))e( n )/e &"u#'e " )/e *e#"#an&e " (u)3 .3)/e *e#'"n &/a#%e($

T/e *#n&*e ' )/a) w/en an "&e# "# e*"3ee '('&*ne(, )/e ".!e&) '"u%/) ' n") )/e *un'/en) "'u&/ "&e# "# e*"3ee .u) )/e *#"+een) " )/e*u.& 'e#+&e an( )/e *#e'e#+a)"n " )/e *u.&:' a)/an( &"n(en&e n )/e %"+e#nen)$

T/e #ue ' )/a) )/e n(n%' " a&) " a(n')#a)+e."(e', .a'e( "n 'u.')an)a e+(en&e, a#e &"n)#"n%"n )/e #e+ewn% au)/"#)3$DISPOSITI-: CA a#e($

CSC v Bela!anOctober &7, !%%+

ando*al2utiere6, JRods ($ou can s8ip issue and ratio )

9ote: omitted parts o te case relating to 2apu6s testimon$, aste$ are not rele*ant to te issue related to our topic in PubO;. n

case sir as8s, please reer to te original cop$ o te case

SUMMARY: Bea%an wa' &/a#%e( w)/ 'eua n(%n)e'an( /a#a''en) an( 'eua /a#a''en) an( aea'an&e'.3 Ga*u an( Annaw, #e'*e&)+e3$ DECS "un( / %u)3

" a &/a#%e', an( "#(e#e( / ('''e($ CSC a#e(Ga*u:' &/a#%e', .u) (ene( Annaw:'$ CA #e+e#'e( CSC,n(n% )/a) Ga*u:' )e')"n3 wa' ne(.e .3 +#)ue "'e+e#a &a'e' a%an') /e# n )/e 4TC Ba%u" an( B%3:' nBa%u"$ SC #e+e#'e(, 'a3n% )/a) )/e )e')"n3 " Ga*uwa' e(.e, an( a'" n(n% )/a) Bea%an wa' %u)3 "%#a+e '&"n(u&), .u) "we#e( )/e *ena)3 )" 1 3ea#'u'*en'"n$

DOCTRIN:

1?0

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4'&"n(u&) ean' n)en)"na w#"n%("n% "# (e.e#a)e+"a)"n " a #ue " aw "# ')an(a#( " .e/a+"#, e'*e&a3.3 a %"+e#nen) "&a$

T" &"n'))u)e an a(n')#a)+e ";en'e, '&"n(u&) '/"u(

#ea)e )" "# .e &"nne&)e( w)/ )/e *e#"#an&e " )/e"&a un&)"n' an( (u)e' " a *u.& "&e#$

In %#a+e '&"n(u&) a' (')n%u'/e( #" '*e'&"n(u&), )/e elements #$ rru%ti#n, &ea# n)en) )"+"a)e )/e aw "# a%#an) ('#e%a#( " e')a.'/e( #ue,u') .e ane')$

C"##u*)"n a' an eeen) " %#a+e '&"n(u&) &"n'')' n)/e a&) " an "&a "# (u&a#3 *e#'"n w/" unawu3 an(w#"n%u3 u'e' /' ')a)"n "# &/a#a&)e# )" *#"&u#e '"e.ene) "# /'e "# "# an")/e# *e#'"n, &"n)#a#3 )" (u)3

an( )/e #%/)' " ")/e#'$

In )/e (e)e#na)"n " )/e *ena)e' )" .e *"'e(,)%a)n%, a%%#a+a)n% an( a)e#na)+e &u')an&e'a))en(an) )" )/e &"''"n " )/e ";en'e '/a .e&"n'(e#e($

0ACTS:1$ Pe))"n "# #e+ew e( .3 CSC " )/e CA (e&'"n

w/&/ ('''e( )/e &"*an) e( .3 4a%(aena Ga*ua%an') A3'"n Bea%an, an( )e( )/e ('''a "Bea%an an( #en')a)e( / )" /' *"')"n$

2$ T/e &a'e ')ee( #" 2 &a'e' e( .3 4a%(aenaGa*u, "un(e#(#e&)#e'' " 4")/e# an( C/( Lea#nn%Cen)e#

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H$ DECS &"n(u&)e( a !"n) n+e')%a)"n, w)/ Bea%an(en3n% )/e &/a#%e " 'eua /a#a''en), an( *#e'en)n%e+(en&e )" ('*#"+e )/e &/a#%e a%an') / "#(e#e&)"n " (u)3$a$ DECS Se& "un( / %u)3 " &"un)' " 'eua

n(%n)e' "# /a#a''en)' &"))e( a%an')Annaw, an( 2&"un)' " 'eua a(+an&e' "#n(%n)e' a%an') Ga*u$

.$ e wa' "#(e#e( ('''e($?$ CSC a#e( )/e DECS Se&:' (e&'"n w)/ #e%a#( )"

Ga*u:' &a'e, .u) ('''e( )/a) " Annaw:'$a$ Bea%an:' a&)' &"n'))u)e' %#a+e '&"n(u&)@$.$ e wa' ') "#(e#e( ('''e($

@$ Bea%an e( an 4R, w/e Ga*u wa' &/a#%e( w)/'e+e#a ";en'e' .e"#e )/e 4TC Ba%u" C)310

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.$ Bea%an (( n") ";e# e+(en&e )/a) /a' a .ea#n%"n Ga*u:' &/a'))3$

&$ T/e e+(en&e *#e'en)e( "n %#a+e "#a (eaa)"n,e)& a#e na(''.e .e&au'e )/e3 (" n") e')a.'/)/e *#".a.)3 "# *#".a.)3 " )/e ";en'e&/a#%e($

$ Bea%an wa' )#3n% )" e')a.'/ )/a) Ga*u a&7e(e(.)3, .u) )/e C"u#) #ue( )/a) /e ae( )" (")/'$a$ 4"') " )/e &a'e' w)/ 4TC Ba%u" we#e #" )/e

?0:', n &"n)#a') w)/ )/e &"*an) e( n 1@@$.$ T/e &a'e' &ann") .e &"n'(e#e( #ea.e *#""' "

Ga*u:' &/a#a&)e##e*u)a)"n$&$ A'", )/e#e wa' n" *#"" )/a) '/e wa' &"n+&)e( n

an3 " )/e'e e'$($ CSC:' n(n% )/a) Ga*u wa' e(.e wa'

'u**"#)e( .3 'u.')an)a e+(en&e$

$ Ga*u )e')e( n a ')#a%/)"#wa#( an(&an(( anne#$$ T/e )e')"n3 wa' #e*e)e w)/ (e)a'$$ T/e )e')"n3 wa' a'" &"##"."#a)e( .3 Pe)e#

N%a.), DECS a''')an) (+'"n'u*e#n)en(en)$

e$ Re9 CA #un% )/a) )/e#e ' a*e e+(en&e )"'/"w )/a) 4a%(aena /a( a ")+e n a&&u'n%#e'*"n(en), $e$ *#e''u#e / )" ''ue a *e#)$$ T/e C"u#) ('a%#ee($$ Bea%an a#ea(3 ''ue( a *e#) w/en Ga*u

e( /e# e))e#-&"*an)$

II$ ON Bea%an ' %u)3 " %#a+e '&"n(u&), n")e#e3 "# ('%#a&eu "# "#a &"n(u&)

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Circumstances. In )/e (e)e#na)"n " )/e*ena)e' )" .e *"'e(, )%a)n%, a%%#a+a)n%an( a)e#na)+e &u')an&e' a))en(an) )" )/e&"''"n " )/e ";en'e '/a .e &"n'(e#e($

T/e ""wn% &u')an&e' '/a .e a**#e&a)e(9

. len!t' #$ servi&e l. and #t'er anal#!#us &ases.K

?$ C"n"#a.3 w)/ )/e C"u#):' #un% n a 'a#&a'e " 'eua /a#a''en), an( Bea%an:' en%)/" 'e#+&e, un.e'/e( #e&"#( n )/e *a') an(nue#"u' awa#(', )/e *ena)3 " 'u'*en'"n #""&e w)/"u) *a3 "# "ne anue+a "# )w" &/a#%e'92ra*e Misconduct, an(0isgraceul and mmoral ConductPre5udicial to te @est nterest o te er*ice.e"#e )/e"u'e D'&*na#3 B"a#($T/e B"a#( "un( / %u)3 "n .")/ &/a#%e', an( ('''e(/ #" 'e#+&e$>anue+a )/en a**eae( .e"#e )/e CSC w/&/ "(e(

)/e *ena)3 )" 'u'*en'"n$T/e "u'e e( a *e))"n "# &e#)"#a# w)/ )/e CA$ T/e CA%#an)e( )/e *e))"n an( #en')a)e( )/e (e&'"n " )/eB"a#( ('''n% >anue+a$

T/e CA /e( )/a) >anue+a wa' %u)3 "'&"n(u&) .e&au'e /' ";en'e #ea)e' )" /'"&a un&)"n' a' ) wa' a(e *"''.e *#e&'e3.3 /' "&a un&)"n'$B3 +#)ue " /' *"')"n, >anue+a /a( #ee #enn'(e )/e .u(n% e+en a)e# "&e /"u#'$Cea#3, )/e#e"#e, >anue+a u'e( /' "&e )"&") )/e '&"n(u&) "# w/&/ /e wa' &/a#%e($

T/e Su*#ee C"u#) /e( )/a) >anue+a wa' n") %u)3 "G#a+e 4'&"n(u&), .u) wa' %u)3 " D'%#a&eu an(I"#a C"n(u&), *un'/a.e .3 'u'*en'"n

DOCTRIN:On at constitutes misconduct:4'&"n(u&) n "&e /a' a (en)e e%a eann%$ B3un"# e%a (en)"n, ) ' a '&"n(u&) 'u&/ a' a;e&)'*e#"#an&e " (u)e' a' an "&e# an( n") 'u&/ "n3 a'a;e&)' /' &/a#a&)e# a' a *#+a)e n(+(ua$

220

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en&e, )" &"n'))u)e an a(n')#a)+e ";en'e, '&"n(u&)'/"u( #ea)e )" "# .e &"nne&)e( w)/ )/e *e#"#an&e ")/e "&a un&)"n' an( (u)e' " a *u.& "&e#$T" (e)e#ne w/e)/e# a *u.& "&e# &"))e('&"n(u&), ) ' ne&e''a#3 )" 'e*a#a)e )/e &/a#a&)e# " )/ean #" )/e &/a#a&)e# " )/e "&e#$On distinguising gra*e misconduct rom simplemisconduct:In %#a+e '&"n(u&), )/e eeen)' " &"##u*)"n, &ea#n)en) )" +"a)e )/e aw "# a%#an) ('#e%a#( " e')a.'/e(#ue, u') .e ane')$C"##u*)"n a' an eeen) " %#a+e '&"n(u&) &"n'')' n)/e a&) " an "&a "# (u&a#3 *e#'"n w/" unawu3 an(w#"n%u3 u'e' /' ')a)"n "# &/a#a&)e# )" *#"&u#e '"e.ene) "# /'e "# "# an")/e# *e#'"n, &"n)#a#3 )" (u)3an( )/e #%/)' " ")/e#'$On ic penalt$ or0isgraceul and mmoral Conduct

sould be imposed:T/e C"u#) /e( )/a) 0icdican *. #ernan, Jr. '/"u( n") .e )/e&"n)#"n% *#e&e(en) "# )/' &a'e 'u&/ )/a) )/e *ena)3 "('''a '/"u( .e *"'e($In 0icdican, )/e C"u#) 'an&)"ne( )' "wn e##an) *e#'"nnea&&"#(n% )" )' &a*a&)3 a' a *e#'"nne a(n')#a)"#, .u)n") w)/"u) )/e %u(an&e " )/e #ue' n )/e &+ 'e#+&e$In )/' &a'e, /"we+e#, )/e C"u#) ' a&)n% a' an a(!u(&a)+ea**ea)e )#.una " a') #e'"#) #e+ewn% )/e (e&'"n' ""we# &"u#)'$In )/' &a*a&)3, )/e C"u#) &"n#' )/a) )/e "we# &"u#)'u*/e( )/e aw$ T/e aw n )/' &a'e &ea#3 ')a)e' )/a) )/e

*#"*e# *ena)3 ' 'u'*en'"n an( n") ('''a a' /e( .3)/e a**ea)e &"u#), /en&e, 'u'*en'"n ) u') .e$

0ACTS:

4a#a.a an( Ca')" a#e 'e&u#)3 "&e#' " )/e "u'e "Re*#e'en)a)+e' anue+aY' ."(3$T/e eae wa' a)e# (en)e( a' Ea.e)/ Na+a##"-A#%uee' anue+aY' ")"n "##e&"n'(e#a)"n, )/e "u'e D'&*na#3 B"a#(nea'e( )/e *ena)3 )" ('''a w)/ "#e)u#e "a .ene)'$

S*ea7e# 4anue B$ >a#, J#$ a#e( )/e De&'"n " )/e"u'e D'&*na#3 B"a#($>anue+a "+e( "# a #e&"n'(e#a)"n " )/e De&'"n .u))/' wa' (ene( .3 S*ea7e# Fe&an" Be"n)e, J#$>anue+a )/en a**eae( .e"#e )/e C+ Se#+&eC"''"n

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/' *a#), >anue+a "+e( "# *a#)a #e&"n'(e#a)"n,'ee7n% )/a) /e .e awa#(e( /' .ene)' )/a) we#e "#e)e($

T/e C"''"n (ene( .")/ ")"n'T/e "u'e e( a *e))"n "# &e#)"#a# w)/ )/e C"u#) "A**ea' anue+aY' 4")"n "# Re&"n'(e#a)"n$

T/u', >anue+a e( )/' *e))"n "# #e+ew " )/e CA(e&'"n$>anue+a a#%ue' )/a)9

1$ )/e C"''"n a&)e( we w)/n )/e &"nne' " )'!u#'(&)"n w/en ) *"'e( )/e *ena)3 *#e'.e(.3 aw "# ('%#a&eu an( "#a &"n(u&)$

2$ 0icdican n(' n" a**&a)"n a' ) wa' a##+e( a) n)/e C"u#)Y' ee#&'e " )' a(n')#a)+e !u#'(&)"n"+e# )' *e#'"nne$

$ ' '&"n(u&) ' n n" wa3 &"nne&)e( w)/ /'"&a un&)"n' an( ) &ann") )/u' .e eua)e( w)/%#a+e '&"n(u&) a' (ene( .3 aw$

ISSUS:1$ ON >anue+a ' %u)3 " G#a+e 4'&"n(u&)$2$ ON >anue+a ' %u)3 " D'%#a&eu an( I"#a

C"n(u&)$RU/IN2:

4. N#5. Yes.

RATIO:

4. Misndu&t in #(&e 'as a de+nite le!almeanin!. B" uni$#rm le!al de+niti#n, it is amisndu&t su&' as a>e&ts %er$#rman&e #$duties as an #(&er and n#t su&' #nl" as a>e&ts

'is &'ara&ter as a %rivate individual.a$ I) ' 'e))e( )/a) '&"n(u&), 'ea'an&e, "#

aea'an&e wa##an)n% #e"+a #" "&e" an "&e#, u') /a+e (#e&) RELATION TOan( .e CONNECTED w)/ )/e *e#"#an&e "OFFICIAL DUTIES a"un)n% e)/e# )"aa(n')#a)"n "# wu, n)en)"nane%e&) an( au#e )" ('&/a#%e )/e (u)e' ")/e "&e$

$ 4'&"n(u&) a'" ean' n)en)"naw#"n%("n% "# (e.e#a)e +"a)"n " a

#ue " aw "# ')an(a#( " .e/a+"#,e'*e&a3 .3 a %"+e#nen) "&a$

b. en&e, t# nstitute an administrative#>ense, misndu&t s'#uld relate t# #rbe nne&ted *it' t'e %er$#rman&e #$t'e #(&ial $un&ti#ns and duties #$ a%ubli& #(&er.

20

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i. T'e C#urt t'en des&ribed '#*!rave misndu&t, t'e #>ense&'ar!ed in t'is &ase, ma" bemmitted and it %r#&eeded b"distin!uis'in! it $r#m sim%lemisndu&t. T'e C#urt stated t'at:

In !rave misndu&t, t'e

elements #$ rru%ti#n,&lear intent t# vi#late t'ela* #r Fa!rant disre!ard #$establis'ed rule, must bemani$est.

C#rru%ti#n as an element #$

!rave misndu&t nsistsin t'e a&t #$ an #(&ial #r

+du&iar" %ers#n *'#unla*$ull" and *r#n!$ull"uses 'is stati#n #r &'ara&tert# %r#&ure s#me bene+t $#r'imsel$ #r $#r an#t'er%ers#n, ntrar" t# dut"and t'e ri!'ts #$ #t'ers.

&$ A**3n% )/e'e #ue' )" )/e *#e'en) &a'e, )/eC"u#) /e( )/a) >anue+aY' ";en'e wa' n n"wa3 &"nne&)e( w)/ )/e *e#"#an&e " /'un&)"n' an( (u)e' a' a *u.& "&e#$

$ ' "&e wa' u'e( a' a +enue "# )/e&"''"n " )/e ";en'e an((en)e3, /' ";en'e '*ea7'(e'*&a.3 " /' &/a#a&)e# a' a an.u) ) n n" wa3 e+n&e( an3 au#e "n/' *a#) )" ('&/a#%e /' (u)e' a' a*u.& "&e#$

$ T/e ";en'e ' %#a+e3 "#a .u) )a' '/"#) " %#a+e '&"n(u&) a'(ene( .3 aw$

d. T'e C#urt $urt'erm#re 'eld t'at t#

determine *'et'er a %ubli& #(&ermmitted misndu&t, it is ne&essar" t#se%arate t'e &'ara&ter #$ t'e man $r#mt'e &'ara&ter #$ t'e #(&er.

$ e#e, >anue+aY' )#an'%#e''"n a(.a#e )/e +aue' " /' nne# .en% .u)(( n") e*"'e an3 " /' '/"#)&"n%a' a *u.& "&e#$

$ /a) ' a)e#a ' w/e)/e# >anue+a*#"*e#3 ('&/a#%e( /' *u.&

un&)"n' an( )/e C"u#) .ee+e' )/a))/e'e we#e n n" wa3 &"*#"'e( "#a;e&)e( .3 )/e &"''"n " /'";en'e$

2. >anue+a ' %u)3 " D'%#a&eu an( I"#aC"n(u&) "# /a+n% en%a%e( n an &) a;a#$ In a&a)ena " &a'e', )/e C"u#) /a' #ue( )/a) %"+e#nen)e*"3ee' en%a%e( n &) #ea)"n' a#e %u)3 "8('%#a&eu an( "#a &"n(u&)8 "# w/&/ /e'/e

a3 .e /e( a(n')#a)+e3 a.ea$ A' >anue+a ' a #')-)e ";en(e#, )/e*#"*e# *ena)3 ' 'u'*en'"n, a&&"#(n% )"Se&)"n 22 " )/e A(n')#a)+eC"(e " 1@?H an( Se&)"n 52 A

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.$ KN")e9 Dean a3 a'" a'7 a."u) )/' T/eC"u#) /e( )/a) 0icdican '/"u( n") .e )/e&"n)#"n% *#e&e(en) "# )/' &a'e 'u&/ )/a))/e *ena)3 " ('''a '/"u( .e *"'e($

$ In 0icdican, )/e C"u#) 'an&)"ne( )'"wn e##an) *e#'"nne a&&"#(n% )" )'&a*a&)3 a' a *e#'"nne a(n')#a)"#,.u) n") w)/"u) )/e %u(an&e " )/e#ue' n )/e &+ 'e#+&e$

$ In )/' &a'e, /"we+e#, )/e C"u#) 'a&)n% a' an a(!u(&a)+e a**ea)e)#.una " a') #e'"#) #e+ewn% )/e(e&'"n' " "we# &"u#)'$

In )/' &a*a&)3, )/e C"u#)

&"n#' )/a) )/e "we# &"u#)'u*/e( )/e aw$ T/e aw n )/'&a'e &ea#3 ')a)e' )/a) )/e*#"*e# *ena)3 ' 'u'*en'"nan( n") ('''a a' /e( .3)/e a**ea)e &"u#), /en&e,'u'*en'"n ) u') .e$

DISPOSITI-:T/e C"u#) /e( )/a) >anue+a wa' n") %u)3" %#a+e '&"n(u&)M .u) wa' %u)3 " ('%#a&eu an("#a '&"n(u&), *un'/a.e .3 'u'*en'"n$

Ba&sin v. a'imanApril D%, !%%"Eelasco, Jr., J.

#rancis 2. #rancisco

SUMMARY:Ba&'n wa' &/a#%e( w)/ 4'&"n(u&) ae%e(3"# "n(n% "ne " /' ')u(en)' .#ea') 5 )e'$ e wa'"un( %u)3 " G#a+e 4'&"n(u&) n&en) B$S"##a.a', AAA:' &a''a)e, w)ne''e( )/e n&(en) an()e')e( )/a) )/e "n(n% /a**ene($ Re%"na D#e&)"#4ue%" " )/e SCS &/a#%e( Ba&'n w)/ 4'&"n(u&)$ Ba&'n&ae( )/a) )/e )"u&/n% /a**ene( .3 a&&(en), !u') a' /ewa' /an(n% AAA a e''"n .""7 w/&/ /a**ene( n a."u) 2"# 'e&"n(', an( )/a) )/e %# e) /' "&e w)/"u) an3&"*an)$

CSC "un( Ba&'n %u)3 " G#a+e 4'&"n(u&)

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Ba&'n a#%ue' )/a) )/e CSC &ann") +a(3 a(!u(%e /%u)3 " an ";en'e, 'u&/ a' G#a+e 4'&"n(u&)

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n')ea( " %#a+e 'eua /a#a''en), an( /e wa' ('''e($CA "un( San&/e %u)3 "n3 " '*e '&"n(u&), an("we#e( )/e *ena)3 )" 'u'*en'"n " 1 "n)/ an( 1 (a3$SC #e+e#'e(, an( "un( / %u)3 " %#a+e '&"n(u&) an("#(e#e( /' ('''a #" )/e 'e#+&e$

DOCTRIN:4'&"n(u&) ean' n)en)"na w#"n%("n% "# (e.e#a)e+"a)"n " a #ue " aw "# ')an(a#( " .e/a+"#$

T" &"n'))u)e an a(n')#a)+e ";en'e, '&"n(u&) '/"u(#ea)e )" "# .e &"nne&)e( w)/ )/e *e#"#an&e " )/e"&a un&)"n' an( (u)e' " a *u.& "&e#$

In %#a+e '&"n(u&), a' (')n%u'/e( #" '*e'&"n(u&), )/e eeen)' " &"##u*)"n, &ea# n)en) )"+"a)e )/e aw "# a%#an) ('#e%a#( " an e')a.'/e( #ueu') .e ane')$

Se&)"n 5 " Rue I> " )/e Un"# Rue' "nA(n')#a)+e Ca'e' *#"+(e' a ') " )/e &u')an&e'w/&/ a3 .e &"n'(e#e( n )/e (e)e#na)"n " *ena)e')" .e *"'e($

0ACTS:1$ Pe))"n "# #e+ew " )/e CA (e&'"n an( #e'"u)"n$2$ Te#e')a Na#+a'a ' a 'en"# .""77ee*e#, w/e

Ben!an San&/e ' )/e un&*a a''e''"#, .")/ "4un&*a)3 " Da(, Nue+a >&a3a ')a Re'"#) n Bua&an, San&/e *ue( /e#)"wa#(' / an( a))e*)e( )" 7'' /e#$

.$ S/e wa' a.e )" e'&a*e /, an( San&/e a*""%e()/#&e a."u) )/e n&(en)$

H$ San&/e wa' "un( %u)3 .3 4a3"# Pa(a " a &/a#%e' .a'e( "n )/e n+e')%a)"n &"n(u&)e( .3 )/eLGU:' C"))ee "n De&"#u an( In+e')%a)"n

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a$ CSC ('''e( )/e a**ea .u) "(e( 4a3"#Pa(a:' "#(e# .3 /"(n% #e'*"n(en) %u)3 " %#a+e'&"n(u&) n')ea( " %#a+e 'eua /a#a''en)$

.$ e wa' ') %+en )/e *ena)3 " ('''a$@$ CA "un( San&/e %u)3 "n3 " '*e '&"n(u&) an(

"we#e( )/e *ena)3 )" 'u'*en'"n " 1 "n)/ an( 1 (a3$

ISSUS: /e)/e# )/e a&)' &"))e( .3 San&/e a%an')Na#+a'a &"n'))u)e '*e "# %#a+e '&"n(u&)$

RU/IN2: e ' %u)3 " %#a+e '&"n(u&)$

RATIO:1$ 4'&"n(u&) ean' n)en)"na w#"n%("n% "#

(e.e#a)e +"a)"n " a #ue " aw "# ')an(a#( ".e/a+"#$

2$ T" &"n'))u)e an a(n')#a)+e ";en'e, '&"n(u&)'/"u( #ea)e )" "# .e &"nne&)e( w)/ )/e *e#"#an&e" )/e "&a un&)"n' an( (u)e' " a *u.& "&e#$

$ In %#a+e '&"n(u&), a' (')n%u'/e( #" '*e'&"n(u&), )/e eeen)' " &"##u*)"n, &ea# n)en))" +"a)e )/e aw "# a%#an) ('#e%a#( " ane')a.'/e( #ue u') .e ane')$

$ )/ #e%a#( )" San&/e:' a&)'9a$ ' a&)' " %#a..n% *e))"ne# an( a))e*)n% )"

7'' /e# we#e, n" ("u.), n)en)"na$.$ T/e n&(en) "&&u##e( "n)/' a)e# /e /a( a(e

'a# .u) 'u.)e# "+e#)u#e' )" De a C#u, w/"a(e ) &ea# )/a) /' 'eua a(+an&e' we#e n")

we&"e$ A'", )/e#e wa' n" *#"" )/a) '/e wa'&"n+&)e( n an3 " )/e'e e'$&$ C"n'(e#n% )/a) )/e a&)' #e'*"n(en) &"))e(

a%an') *e))"ne# we#e u&/ "#e a%%#e''+e, )wa' *"''.e )/a) )/e ";en'+e na)u#e " /'a&)"n' &"u( /a+e e'&a*e( /$

($ T/e3 we#e n") /a+n% a #ea)"n'/* )/a) %/)/a+e !u')e( /' a&)"n'$

e$ T/e3 we#e .")/ a##e( )" (;e#en) *e#'"n',/en&e San&/e n") "n3 )""7 /' a#)a ')a)u'

%/)3, .u) a'" %n"#e( Na#+a'a:' a##a%e, a'we$

5$ SC ('a%#ee( w)/ )/e CA )/a) ne)/e# &"##u*)"n,&ea# n)en) )" +"a)e )/e aw "# a%#an) ('#e%a#( "an e')a.'/e( #ue a))en(e( )/e n&(en) n ue')"n$a$ RA H?HH, )/e An)-Seua a#a''en) A&) "

1@@5, )""7 e;e&) "n 4a#&/ 5, 1@@5$.$ San&/e wa' &/a#%e( w)/ 7n"wn% )/' aw,

'n&e /e wa' a *u.& 'e#+an)$&$ ' a&) " %#a..n% Na#+a'a an( a))e*)n% )"

7'' /e# w)/"u) /e# &"n'en) wa' an un')a7a.eane')a)"n " /' n)en)"n )" +"a)e aw' )/a)'*e&&a3 *#"/.)e( 'eua /a#a''en) n )/ew"#7 en+#"nen)$

($ E+en /e (( n") n)en( )" +"a)e RA H?HH, /'a))e*) )" 7'' Na#+a'a wa' a a%#an) ('#e%a#(" a &u')"a#3 #ue )/a) /a( e')e( 'n&e )ee"#a )/a) n)a)e */3'&a &"n)a&).e)ween n(+(ua' u') .e &"n'en'ua$

e$ Fu#)/e#"#e, /e wa' a a##e( an$$ ' a&) '/"we( a "w #e%a#( "# w"en an(

('#e'*e&) "# Na#+a'a:' /"n"# an( (%n)3$6$ CA n)e#*#e)e( /' #e*ea)e( a*""%e' a' an

n(&a)"n " )/e a.'en&e " n)en)"n "n /' *a#) )"&") '" %#a+e a w#"n% a' )/a) &"))e($a$ SC 'a( )/a) "n )/e &"n)#a#3, ) n(&a)e( /"w we

#e'*"n(en) wa' awa#e " )/e %#a+)3 " )/e)#an'%#e''"n /e /a( &"))e($

.$ e &e#)an3 7new " )/e /ea+3 *ena)3 )/a)awa)e( / Na#+a'a &"*ane( " /'.e/a+"#$

H$ Se&)"n 5 " Rue I> " )/e Un"# Rue' "nA(n')#a)+e Ca'e' *#"+(e' a ') " )/e&u')an&e' w/&/ a3 .e &"n'(e#e( n )/e(e)e#na)"n " *ena)e' )" .e *"'e($

?$ SC "n&e a%an ('a%#ee' w)/ )/e CA:' &"n'(e#a)"n" #e'*"n(en):' "#e )/an )en 3ea#' " %"+e#nen)'e#+&e an( &a " .en% awa#(e( 4"') Ou)')an(n%4un&*a A''e''"# " Re%"n II "# )/#ee 3ea#' a')%a)n% &u')an&e'$

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&$ ' a&)"n' (( n") #ee&) )/e n)e%#)3 an(('&*ne )/a) we#e e*e&)e( " *u.& 'e#+an)'$

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10$ SC9 e ' a *e#+e#)e( *#e(a)"# *#e3n% "n /' eae&"ea%ue' an( 'u."#(na)e'$ Re'*"n(en):'&"n)nue( '.e/a+"# &ann"), )/e#e"#e, .e a"we()" %" un&/e&7e($

DISPOSITI-: R0OR, )/e *e))"n ' /e#e.32RANTD$ Re'"u)"n N"$ 011H6 ''ue( .3 )/e C+Se#+&e C"''"n n(n% #e'*"n(en) Ben!an A$San&/e, J#$ %u)3 " %#a+e '&"n(u&) ' RINSTATD.Re'*"n(en) Ben!an A$ San&/e, J#$ ' "#(e#e( DISMISSD#" )/e 'e#+&e w)/ "#e)u#e " #e)#een) .ene)' e&e*)a&ue( ea+e e()', an3, an( w)/ *#e!u(&e )" #e-e*"3en) n an3 .#an&/ "# n')#uen)a)3 " )/e%"+e#nen), n&u(n% %"+e#nen)-"wne( an( &"n)#"e(&"#*"#a)"n'$ T/' ' w)/"u) *#e!u(&e )" an3 na&"*an)' )/a) a3 .e e( a%an') /$

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