Publishing Scientific Results

117
Preparing Scien,fic Papers for Publica,on A. Townsend Peterson University of Kansas

Transcript of Publishing Scientific Results

Page 1: Publishing Scientific Results

PreparingScien,ficPapersforPublica,on

A.TownsendPetersonUniversityofKansas

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OverallPublishingProcess•  Writethepaper•  Edit/proofthemanuscript•  Formatforthejournal•  Submittothejournal•  EditordecidesiniAallyandsendsouttoreview•  ReviewersprovidesuggesAonsandcriAcisms•  Editordecideswhethertoaccept–  …canrepeatseveralAmes

•  Authorrevises•  Finalacceptance•  Proofssenttoauthor•  Authorcorrects•  Authorsignscopyrighttransferagreement•  PublicaAon

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WRITING–STRUCTUREANDORDER

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ScopingthePaper

ShortandSweet•  Advantages

–  Easytowrite–  Simplemessage–  “More”publicaAonsonyour

CV•  Disadvantages

–  Dilutesthemessage–  Readerhastosearchforthe

wholestoryacrossmanypapers

–  LessimpactperpublicaAon

LongandComplete•  Advantages

–  Wholestoryisthereinoneplace

–  GreaterpotenAalimpact

•  Disadvantages–  Moredifficulttoorganizeand

write–  Messagecangetcomplex–  FewerpublicaAonsonyour

CV

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PickingaJournal•  Withadvisorsandcolleagues,decideontheopAmaloutletforyourpaper

•  Aimtoohigh:– WasteyourAme– Wastereviewers’andeditors’Ame

•  Aimtoolow:–  Lesscreditforyou–  LessaUenAontoyourwork

•  JournalcharacterisAcs–  Subjectfocus–  Previouspaperspublished–  Impactfactor– AccesspoliAcs(seetheendofthispresentaAon)

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WriAng–StructureandOrder•  SuggestedorderofwriAng:–  Figures/Tables– Methods/Results–  IntroducAon/Discussion– Abstract

•  LastparagraphofIntroducAonshouldbegin“Thispaper…”andshouldstateclearlythepurposeofthepaper

•  Length–carenottobeoverlylonginIntroducAonandDiscussion

•  RepeAAon–noneedtorepeatpartsofIntroducAoninDiscussion,orpartsofResultsinDiscussion

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TECHNOLOGYASSISTS

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TechnologyAssists–GoogleDocs

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TechnologyAssists–GoogleGroups

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TechnologyAssists-EndNote

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FreeTechnologyAssists-Mendeley

Anotherpossibility:hUp://www.zotero.org/-referencemanager,alsofree

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WORDSTOAVOID

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WordstoAvoidI•  While:Don’tusethiswordtomeanalthough,whereas,and,orbut,anddon’t

useitwhereonlyasemicolonisnecessary.Whilemeans“duringtheAmethat”andshouldbeusedtolinksimultaneousoccurrencesininstancesinwhichsimultaneityisthepoint.

•  E.g.,i.e.:TheabbreviaAone.g.means“forexample”(exempligra4a)andintroducesanillustraAveinstanceorashortlistofnamesorotheritems.TheabbreviaAoni.e.means“thatis”(idest)andintroducesarepeAAonindifferentwordsoftheideasjustdiscussed

•  Compose,comprise:CompriseexpressestherelaAonofthelargertothesmaller,nottheotherwayaround(thinkofcompriseasmeaningtoembraceortakein).Thewholecomprisestheparts;thewholeiscomposedofitsparts.Thepartscomposethewholeandarecomprisedinit.Donotusecomprisedof.

•  Because,since,as:BecauseisthemostspecificoftheconjuncAonsusedtoexpressreasonorcause.ItalwaysindicatesanunequivocalcausalrelaAonship.Sinceisoaenaweakformofbecause.ItalsocontainsanoAonofduraAonoverAmethatbecausedoesnot.Usesincewhenthemeaningofwhatfollowsitisimpliedbywhatprecedesit.Usingastomeansinceorbecauseisalwaysfeeble.Itmakeswhateverfollowssoundtrivial.

•  Although,though:Inmostusesthesewordsareinterchangeable,butitmaybebesttobeginclauseswithalthough,sinceitismoreemphaAc,andtousethoughtoconnectelementswithinaclause.(Althoughintelligent,hecouldnotapplyhimself.Shewasbornofpoorthoughwell-educatedparents.)

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WordstoAvoidII•  Very:Thiswordisalmostalwayscompletelyunnecessaryinsentences.

Thatis,thestatements“valuesoftheindexwereveryhigh”and“valuesoftheindexwerehigh”communicatethesameinformaAonwithoutthehyperbole.

•  Thereis/thereare:ThissortofconstrucAon.E.g.,“therearethirtybirdssicngonthewire”canbereplacedbyamoredirectstatement…“thirtybirdsaresicngonthewire.”

•  This/these/thoseasnouns:“This,”“these,”and“those”aremodifiers,andshouldnotbeusedasnouns.

•  Passiveversusac,veverbs:Most(butnotall)usesofthepassiveformofverbscanandshouldbetransformedintoacAveforms.Forinstance“thisbirdwasprocessedbyXJVapproaches”canberestatedas“weusedXJVapproachestoprocessthisbird.”

•  Etal.:ThisconstrucAonisderivedfromtheLaAnetalterafor“andothers.”Itisfrequentlymisusedinavarietyofuncarefulways:“Johnsonetal2004”(forgecngtheabbreviaAonofaltera),“Johnsonetall2004,”etc.

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WordstoAvoidIII•  Dueto:MostusesofthisconstrucAonshouldbereplacedwith“owingto.”

“Dueto”impliesthatsomequanAtyshouldbepaidtoorisowedto,whereasthecorrectmeaningisoneofcausaAon.

•  SpacesaPerperiodandcolon:AlthoughtradiAonaltypesecng(andprobablymanyofyourcomposiAonclasses)requiredtwospacesaaerperiodsandcolons,moderntypesecngisnotinneedoftheseextraspaces.Mostimportantly,however,isTOBECONSISTENT…

•  Bri,shversusUSspelling:Perhapsneitherisuniversallycorrect,butoneortheothershouldbeusedconsistentlythroughouttheenAredocument.Ideally,usethestyledemandedbythejournalforwhichyouarewriAng.–  Centre/centerTheatre/theater–  Behaviour/behavior–  Acknowledgement/acknowledgment–  Whilst/whileAnalyse/Analyze

•  Hyphenatedcompoundmodifiers:Hyphensconnectthewordsofacompoundmodifierthatcomebeforethewordbeingmodified.Hyphensarenotusedthiswaywithcompoundpartsendingin-lyormadeupofpropernounsorproperadjecAves.“Heisawell-respectedman”,“Thatmaniswellrespected”,“Thatwasabadlypunctuatedsentence”,and“TheSouthAmericanrainforestishometohundredsofspeciesofhummingbirds”arecorrect.

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WordstoAvoidIV•  Where:Whereimpliesalocality,posiAon,ordirecAon.Donotusefor

“inwhich”or“forwhich”.“PredaAononsmallprey,wheremanyindividualsmustbecapturedperdive,islimitedtoshallowdepths.”Replace“where”with“inwhich”.

•  Predate:Predatemeansto“dateinadvance”.Theverbderivedfrom“predaAon”is“depredate”.

•  Monophyle,cclade:Acladeis,bydefiniAon,monophyleAc.Savespaceandomitthisredundancy.

•  Data:Theworddataisplural.Thesingularisdatum.•  The:Theisoverused.WhenediAng,thinkaboutwhetherornotthe

placementofevery“the”isnecessary.•  Splitinfini,ves:Toblatantlydividetheword“to”fromtheverbthatit

accompaniesbyanadverbisanuglyconstrucAon.•  Hyphensanddashes:Hyphensareusedwithintexttobuildcompound

modifiers(e.g.,“early-careerprofessionals),n-dashesareusedtoindicaterangesofnumbers(e.g.,4–5),m-dashesareusedwithinsentences(e.g.,“Iate—morethananything—becauseIwashungry”).

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FIGURES

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Figures-Technology

•  SaveAIversion(orGISoriginalor…)•  ExportJPGversionforreview

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ColorversusBlack-and-white

•  ColorismuchbeUerforinterpretability•  Canusecolorforreview,andsubsAtuteB&WforpublicaAon

•  CanusecolorinelectronicpublicaAonversion,andB&Winhard-copyversion(ifthereisone)

•  However,printinB&Wtomakesureitisinterpretablewithoutcolor,incasereviewersdonotprintincolor…youwantthemtobeabletoreadthefigure!

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Figures–ColorsandColorblindness•  hUp://colorbrewer2.org/

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Structure–MakingReadersRefertoCapAons

GoodBad

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Figures–Format•  Atendofmanuscript•  FigureLegendspage•  Thenonefigureperpage

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TABLES

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Tables–TryNotTo

•  Minimaluseoftablesisbest•  MostinformaAonintablescanbeexpressedbeUerinavisual,eyecatchingfigure

•  ReaderstendnottopaymuchaUenAontothecontentsoftables

•  Tablestakeuplotsofspace•  ConsiderposAngthefulldatasetaspartofthepublicaAon,oronawell-documenteddatasite

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Tables-Format

HeaderinformaAon

Bodyoftable

Table1.ThecapAongoeshere,immediatelyabovethetableitself

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Tables–Placement•  Atendofmanuscript•  Aaerfigures•  Pagesnotnumbered•  Onetableperpage

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PROOFINGANDEDITING

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ProofingandEdiAng-ExampleScaleeffectssuchasdistribuAonamplitudeandspaAalresoluAonmayalsointroducecontradictoryresultswheninterpreAngLPSR(Rahbeck2006).Forexample,insmallergeographicareas,monotonictrendsinspeciesrichnessareusuallyobserved,whereasacrosslargerareas,however,hump-shapepaUernsaregenerallyobserved(Rahbeck,2006;Sánchez-Cordero,2001).SpaAalresoluAoncanalsoaffectpaUernsofspeciesrichness:studiesinvolvingtoocoarse-grainedresoluAonmayproducemisleadingresultsbyregisteringhighrichnessatlocaliAeswhere,infact,lownumbersofspeciesoccur,averagingoverdiversedistribuAonalphenomena.

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ProofingandEdiAng-ExampleScaleeffectssuchasrangesizedistribuAonamplitudeandspaAalresoluAonmayalsointroducecontradictoryresultswheninterpreAngLPSR(Rahbeck,2006).Forexample,insmallergeographicextentsareas,monotonictrendsinspeciesrichnessareusuallyobserved,whereas;acrosslargerareas,however,hump-shapepaUernsaregenerallyobserved(Rahbeck,2006;Sánchez-Cordero,2001).SpaAalresoluAoncanalsoaffectspeciesrichnesspaUernsofspeciesrichness:studiesatoverlyinvolvingtoocoarse-grainedresoluAonmayproducemisleadingresultsbyfindingregisteringhighrichnessat‘localiAes’where,infact,lowernumbersofspeciesoccur.,ThedifferenceresultsfromaveragingoverdiversedistribuAonalphenomena.

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CITINGOTHERAUTHORS

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GeneraliAes•  Citeotherstudiestoplaceyourworkinthecontextofworkalreadydone

•  Avoidself-citaAons,unlessyourworkisthekeyandbestcitaAonforthepointbeingmade

•  Citeothers’workbroadlyandfairly:– Coverwhatis‘outthere’intheliterature– Don’tplayfavorites– Trynottohaveenemies,oratleasttryto“citethyenemy”

•  CitaAonsarenotrewardsorsymbolsoffriendshiporalliance

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LITERATURECITED

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GeneraliAes

•  LiteratureCited.ThissectorofscienAficwriAngisalmostuniversallyrifewitherrorsandinconsistencies.Hereareafew:– CapitalizaAonaaeracoloninjournalAtles–eitherwayisacceptableandjournalsvaryintheirpreferences,BUTpickonestyleandbeconsistent

– SpacesbetweeniniAalsinauthors’names–again,journalsvaryintheirpreferences,butbeconsistent

–  Inclusionofissuenumber–beconsistent

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

Page 47: Publishing Scientific Results

•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

Page 49: Publishing Scientific Results

•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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•  BIRDLIFEINTERNATIONAL.2012.IUCNRedListforbirds.DownloadedfromhUp://www.birdlife.orgon03/07/2012.

•  BROWN,R.M.,ANDA.C.DIESMOS.2002.ApplicaAonoflineage-basedspeciesconcepttooceanicislandfrogpopulaAons:TheeffectsofdifferingtaxonomicphilosophiesontheesAmaAonofPhilippinebiodiversity.SillimanJournal42,133–162.

•  CLEMENT,M.,POSADA,D.,ANDK.A.CRANDALL.2000.TCS:acomputerprogramtoesAmategenegenealogies.MolecularEcology9:1657–1659.

•  COLLAR,N.J.2006.AparAalrevisionoftheAsianbabblers,Timaliidae.Forktail22:85–112.•  COLLAR,N.J.ANDC.ROBSON.2007.FamilyTimaliidae(babblers).70–291.InHandbookofthebirdsofthe

world.Volume12.Picathartesto4tsandchickadees.DelHoyo,J.,A.EllioU,andD.A.ChrisAe.Editors.LynxEdicions.Barcelona,Spain.

•  COYNE,J.A.ANDT.D.PRICE.2000.LiUleevidenceforsympatricspeciaAoninislandbirds.Evolu4on,54,2166–2171.

•  DEROEVER,J.1990.NotesontheLuzonWren-Babbler.Bull.OrientalBirdClub12:33-–34.•  DIAMOND,J.M.1977.ConAnentalandinsularspeciaAoninPacificlandbirds.Systema4cZoology,26,263–

268.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.NotesonPhilippinebirds(No.1).Nemouria3.•  DUPONT,J.E.1971.Philippinebirds.DelawareMuseumofNaturalHistoryMonographsSeries2.•  HEANEY,L.R.,1986.BiogeographyofmammalsinSEAsia:esAmatesofratesofcolonizaAon,exAncAonand

speciaAon.BiologicalJournaloftheLinneanSociety28:127–165.•  HIJMANS,R.J.,CAMERON,S.E.,PARRA,J.L.,JONES,P.G.,ANDA.JARVIS.2005.VeryhighresoluAoninterpolated

climatesurfacesforgloballandareas.InternaAonalJournalofClimatology25:1965–1978.•  IUCNSTANDARDSANDPETITIONSSUBCOMMITTEE.2010.GuidelinesforUsingtheIUCNRedListCategoriesand

Criteria.Version8.1.PreparedbytheStandardsandPeAAonsSubcommiUeeinMarch2010.DownloadablefromhUp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf

•  LAMBERT,F.L.1993.SomekeysightsandsignificantrecordsofbirdfromthePhilippinesandSabah.BirdConservaAonInternaAonal3:281–297.

•  GONZÁLEZ,L.A.S.,OLIVEROS,C.,PUNA,N.ANDR.G.MOYLE.2010.Nests,NestPlacement,andEggsofThreePhilippineEndemicBirds.WilsonJournalofOrnithology122:587–591.

•  GOODMAN,S.M.ANDP.C.GONZALES.1990.ThebirdsofMtIsarogNaAonalPark,southernLuzon,Philippines,withparAcularreferencetoalAtudinaldistribuAon.FieldianaZoology60:1–39.

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COVERLETTERS

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MinimalistVersionToTheEditor:PleasefindaUachedtothisleUeramanuscriptenAtledThisIsTheTitleofMyManuscript,forconsideraAonforpublicaAoninYourJournal.Thismanuscriptistheintellectualproductonlyofmyselfandmycoauthors,andisnotcurrentlysubmiUedforpublicaAonwithanyotherjournal.IhopethatthismanuscriptwillproveacceptableforpublicaAoninyourjournal.PleasedonothesitatetocontactmeshouldyouneedanyfurtherinformaAon.Sincerely,

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ShouldYouArgueForYourMSInCoverLeUer?

•  Forhigh-endjournals(Science,Nature,PNAS),itisnecessary…pre-revieweditorialdecisionsmaydependonit!

•  For‘normal’journals,itisamaUerofchoice…manypeopledoincludeaparagraphofwhythepaperisimportant;Idonot

•  BeVERYcarefulnottooverstatetheimportanceofthepaperortheimpactoftheresults

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CHOOSINGANDRECOMMENDINGREVIEWERS

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Reviewers

•  ManyjournalspermitsuggesAonsregardingappropriatereviewersforamanuscript

•  ThesesuggesAonsmaybeopAonalormayberequired,dependingonthejournal

•  TheeditormayormaynotfollowyoursuggesAons

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SuggestedReviewers•  Ideally,reviewerswillhaveexperAseandexperienceintheareaofthepaper

•  Reviewersshouldnothaveanyconflictofinterestwithanyoftheauthors

•  Donotsuggestreviewerswhoarecloseassociates,friends,relaAves(!),orinvolvedintheproject…quitesimply,itisnotappropriate,anditisunfairtotheeditorstomakethemhavetodiscovertheseconnecAonswithouttheauthors’honesty

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Non-suggestedReviewers•  Occasionally,conflictsofopinion,personaldisagreements,nonfuncAonalpersonaliAes,andotherissuescancloudtheobjecAvityofpeerreview

•  AuthorscanrequesteditorstoremovesuchindividualsfromconsideraAonasreviewers—eitherinthecoverleUerorvialistsonwebpages:–  IncoverleUer:“Basedonpastexperiences,inwhichXXXXXshowedlackofobjecAvityinpeerreviewofmanuscriptsbymyselfandmycoauthors,Iwouldrespec{ullythatXXXXXnotbeconsideredasareviewerforthismanuscript.”

•  Editorsmaynonethelessrequestreviewsfromsuchindividuals,butmayconsidertheresulAngreviewinlightoftheknowledgethataconflictisatleastperceivedtoexist

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AUTHORSHIP

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ReasonsForAuthorship

•  Wrotethepaper•  ProvidedcriAcalintellectualinputtoideasormethods

•  Workedhardgatheringoranalyzingdata•  Ledthelabgroup•  Youradvisor

•  Insum,shouldbepeoplewhomadesignificantcontribuAonstotheoveralleffort

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RESPONSESTOREVIEWS

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First–UnderstandtheResponseThankyouverymuchforsubmicngyourmanuscript"UsesandmisusesofbioclimaAcenvelopemodelling"forreviewbyEcology.ThereviewersandIappreciatetheworkyouhaveaccomplished.Basedonthereviews,wewillnotbeabletoacceptthismanuscriptforpublicaAonatthisAme.Wewouldbewillingtoconsideramuch-revisedversion,basedonthereviewcomments.Indeedconceptualpapers,asthisone,aredifficulttowrite.HerebothreviewersstressedthattheargumentsandbalanceviewofthedebateshouldbebeUerpresented(notasvague).BothreviewerswereverygenerousintheirconstrucAvecommentsandarevisedversioncouldmakeagreatcontribuAon.

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InGeneral•  Wheneverpossible,say“OK”•  WhennotpossibletosayOK,thenbereasonable,makesomechanges

•  Whenyoureallydisagree,thenstateaclearreasoningastoWHY

•  Findingreviewersisahardtaskforeditors•  YourobjecAve…theeditoracceptsthepaperwithoutfurtherreview

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IdealResponsesLine28."Offerabridgeacrossscales".Statementisnotexplainedorsupportedinanyway.Shouldberemoved.•  Done.Line563."microscopic"isobviouslyincorrect.Doyoumean"smallareas"•  Changed.IfindthatthepaperisverylongrelaAvetothepointsitmakes.ManyofthesecAonscouldbeshorthenedconsiderably.ThissecAoncouldbemuchshorter.•  Themanuscripthasindeedbeenshortenedquiteabit,with2major

sec4onseitherremoveden4relyorshortenedmassively.

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WhenYouDisagree

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WhenYouDisagree

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CHECKINGPROOFS

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“Proof”Reading

•  LastcheckbeforepublicaAon•  Whatproblemsanderrorsarenotdetectedareyourfault,notthejournal’s

•  MustcheckenAreproofinminutedetail•  SpecialaUenAontoequaAons,tables,literaturecited…anywherethatconcentraAonishard

•  Somepeopleevenreadbackward…!

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COPYRIGHTTRANSFERAGREEMENTSANDOPENACCESS

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CopyrightisABundleofRights

84

RightsareheldbytheOWNERofthework(notnecessarilythecreator/author).Ownersmay:• Reproduce-makecopiesoftheirworkspubliclyorprivately.• Adapt-prepareaddiAonalworksderivedfromtheircopyrightedwork,(aka,derivaAveworks).• Distribute-Disseminatecopiesoftheirworks,tothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership,orbyrental,lease,lending.• Perform-Performtheirworkpublicly(atlocaAonopentothepublicortopersonsotherthanclosefamilyandsocialacquaintances).• Display-Displaytheirworkpublicly(appliestoallworksexceptsoundrecordingsandarchitecturalworks).

From,SecAon106of1976CopyrightActandsee,hUp://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.pdf

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WhyOpenAccess???

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ConceiveResearchIdea

SubmitPaper

WritePaper

DoResearch

SecureResearchFunding

PaperPublished

EditorAccepts

ReviewersConsider

EditorReceives

Subscrip,onFees

AccessCharges

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HowBigistheAccessProblem?AnExperimentforEEBScholarship

•  Take10EEBpapers,eachfromadifferentjournal•  Sendfullbibliographicrecordforeachto50colleaguesaroundtheworld•  Askeachcolleaguetogotohis/heroffice,andtoaUempttoobtainaccesstotheenAretextofthepublicaAon

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HowBigistheAccessProblem?AnExperimentforEEBScholarship

•  MichaelJ.Farabee,EdithL.Taylor,ThomasN.Taylor,CorrelaAonofpermianandtriassicpalynomorphassemblagesfromthecentralTransantarcAcMountains,AntarcAca,ReviewofPalaeobotanyandPalynology,65:257-265.

•  ClaireHorner-Devine,M.,Leibold,M.A.,Smith,V.H.,Bohannan,B.J.M.2003.BacterialdiversitypaUernsalongagradientofprimaryproducAvity.EcologyLeUers6:613-622.

•  RafeM.Brown,JimmyA.McGuireandArvinC.Diesmos.2000.StatusofsomePhilippinefrogsreferredtoRanaevereY(Anura:Ranidae),descripAonofanewspecies,andresurrecAonofRanaigorotaTaylor1922.Herpetologica56:81-104.

•  Billings,S.A.2008.Biogeochemistry:Nitrousoxideinflux.Nature456:888-889.•  HaraldSchneider,AlanR.Smith,RaymondCranfill,TerriJ.Hildebrand,ChristopherH.Haufler,TomA.Ranker.

2004.Unravelingthephylogenyofpolygrammoidferns(PolypodiaceaeandGrammiAdaceae):exploringaspectsofthediversificaAonofepiphyAcplants.MolecularPhylogeneAcsandEvoluAon31:1041-1063.

•  NealWoodman,RobertM.Timm,NormanA.SladeandTerryJ.Doonan.1996.ComparisonoftrapsandbaitsforcensusingsmallmammalsinNeotropicallowlands.JournalofMammalogy77:274-281.

•  LeonardKrishtalkaandPhilipS.Humphrey.2000.Cannaturalhistorymuseumscapturethefuture?BioScience50:611–617.

•  BryanL.Foster,TimothyL.Dickson.2004.GrasslanddiversityandproducAvity:Theinterplayofresourceavailabilityandpropagulepools.Ecology85:1541-1547.

•  PaulO.Lewis,MarkT.Holder,andKentE.Holsinger.2005.PolytomiesandBayesianphylogeneAcinference.SystemaAcBiology54:241-253.

•  LenaC.Hileman,JensF.Sundstrom,AmyLiU,MeiqinChen,TakudzwaShumba,andVivianF.Irish.2006.MolecularandphylogeneAcanalysesoftheMADS-boxgenefamilyintomato.MolecularBiologyandEvoluAon23:2245-2258.

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PercentSuccessNotethat:-only2colleaguesachieve100%success-noUScolleaguehad100%success-accesscanbequiteunsaAsfactory,evenintheUS

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HowAvailableareDifferentJournals?i.e.,percentsuccessofcolleaguesinaccessingpapers

JournalSuccess

rateSystematicBiology 91.18MolecularBiologyandEvolution 91.18Ecology 73.53Nature 70.59EcologyLetters 64.71BioScience 64.71MolecularPhylogeneticsandEvolution 55.88JournalofMammalogy 44.12ReviewofPalaeobotanyandPalynology 41.18Herpetologica 41.18

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ATPOpinionAcademicpublishinghasbeen

“boughtout”byanopportunis4ccommercialpublishingworld,andisfastbecominginaccessibletothe

academiccommunity,andpar4cularlytotheglobalscholarly

community.

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WhatIsOpenAccess(fromPeterSuber)?•  Open-access(OA)literatureisdigital,online,freeofcharge,andfreeofmostcopyrightandlicensingrestricAons.

•  OAispossiblethankstotheinternetandconsentofthecopyright-holder.

•  Scholarlyjournalsdonotgenerallypayauthors,whocanthereforeconsenttoOAwithoutlosingrevenue.

•  OAiscompaAblewithpeerreview;allmajorOAiniAaAvesforscienAficandscholarlyliteratureinsistonitsimportance.

•  OAliteratureisnotfreetoproduce;thegoalistomakescholarlyliteraturecostless…aretherearebeUerwaystopaythebillsthanbychargingreadersandcreaAngaccessbarriers.

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SOLUTION#1–PUBLISHINOPENACCESSJOURNALS

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OpenAccessJournals

•  Openaccessjournalshaveremovedthe“subscripAonbarrier”toaccesstojournalscholarship

•  Aswithclosed-accessjournals,theyvaryinqualityandeditorialpolicies

•  OpenaccessjournalshavethesamepotenAaltoprovidepeerreview

•  ManyopenaccessjournalsnowwithhighcirculaAonandimpact

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SoluAon#1–OAJournals

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SOLUTION#2-JOURNALSELECTION…WORKWITHINTHELIMITS

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SoluAon#2–WorkWithintheLimits

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SoluAon#2–WorkWithintheLimits

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SoluAon#2–WorkWithintheLimits

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SOLUTION#3–CHANGETHELIMITS:THEOA@KUEXAMPLE

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KUExample:writeonthecopyrightagreement:

“Subjecttoaeached

addendum”

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AddendumtoPublicaAonAgreement

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AddendumtoPublicaAonAgreement

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OrSimplyEdittheCTA:

Ifthepublisherlooksatyoureditsandsays“NO!”…youcan:– Signtheoriginalagreementandthepaperispublished

– Debate/negoAatewiththepublisheraboutterms– Withdrawthepaper(!)

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CopyrightTransferSummary•  Accessisamajorproblemforscholarship•  Openaccessjournalsarebuilding,butarenotsufficientlyabundantorhigh-enoughimpacttosustainscholarlypublishing

•  Scholarscan“select”journalsbasedonaccess,iftheychoose

•  InsAtuAonscanpasspoliciesregardingopenaccess

•  Scholarscanamendanddebatethecopyrighttransferagreements

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OAKeyInternetResources•  SHERPA/RoMEO–summaryofOApoliciesforeachjournalandpublisher:hUp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

•  ROARMAP–summaryofOApoliciesatinsAtuAonsandfundingagencies:hUp://www.eprints.org/openaccess/policysignup/

•  KUScholarWorks–KU’sOArepository:hUp://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/

•  HarvardOfficeofScholarlyCommunica,on–hUp://osc.hul.harvard.edu/osc.php

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OverallPublishingProcess•  Writethepaper•  Edit/proofthemanuscript•  Formatforthejournal•  Submittothejournal•  EditordecidesiniAallyandsendsouttoreview•  ReviewersprovidesuggesAonsandcriAcisms•  Editordecideswhethertoaccept–  …canrepeatseveralAmes

•  Authorrevises•  Finalacceptance•  Proofssenttoauthor•  Authorcorrects•  Authorsignscopyrighttransferagreement•  PublicaAon