Public Weather Services Programme
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Transcript of Public Weather Services Programme
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Public Weather Services Programme
Public Warnings Dissemination and CAP
Haleh KootvalChief, Public Weather Services
ProgrammeWMO
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Public Weather Services Programme (PWSP) established in
1994• Strengthen the capabilities of WMO Members to meet the needs of the
community through provision of comprehensive weather services, with particular emphasis on public safety and welfare,
• Foster a better understanding by the public of the capabilities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and how best to use their services”
Forecasts
Warnings Public
NMHSs
Appreciate the
weather services
PWSP
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WMO’s Global Operational Network
NMHSs deliver information and warning services
Global Data Processing And Forecasting System:
3 World Meteorological Centres
40 Regional Specialized Centers
Global Observing System
Global Telecommunication System
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PWS DisseminationWeather Hazards
floods, fire, drought, strong winds, heavy snow etc
Services by NMHSs
Weather Forecasts, watches, alerts, Warnings
Dissemination Methods
Websites, TV, Radio, Telephone, RANET
Examples of Groups served by NMHSs
General Public, isolated communities, Government and civil defence authorities etc.
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Dissemination and Presentation
• Effective dissemination and presentation: An essential element of and the key to effective PWS
Challenge: To convey warnings, forecasts and other information effectively to general public
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WARNINGS - a process that begins with the production of information about weather and climate and ends with effective loss minimising actions
• Warnings must be produced produced • Warning message must be transmittedtransmitted &
receivedreceived• Information must be understoodunderstood• Information must be confirmedconfirmed• Message must be believedbelieved• Risk must be personalisedpersonalised• Decision toDecision to take appropriate defensive and
preparatory actionsactions• ResourcesResources and capacitycapacity for preparatory action
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The Challenge of Public warning
• Collaborative actions are necessary to assure that standards-based, all-media, all-hazards public warning becomes an essential infrastructure component available to all societies worldwide
• Provide information that is easily accessible and understandable everywhere
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The Challenge of Public warning
• All available communications media should be used (from broadcast down to individuals) to get timely and appropriate warnings for all hazards to everyone who needs them
• A standards-based, all-media, all-hazards public warning strategy makes sense now using digital technologies and integrating radio, television, cellular telephone, satellites, Internet-based and other network services
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Weather, Climate and HealthExample of All-Hazard warning system
• Growing awareness of the linkages between human health and weather and climate
• PWS provide information on risks caused by changing weather and climate conditions
Cardiovascular and respiratory Heat and cold stressUV radiationPollen spread and dustHigh Ozon concentrationSpread of typhoid, malaria or cholera
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Factors contributing to ineffectual warnings
• Plans can go wrong because of:– Forecast accuracy: miscalculating onset
time, intensity or impacts– “sole authority” issue in preparing and
issuing warnings– Communication and/or dissemination
inadequacies– Contradictory information from different
sources– Low credibility of NMHS
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Dissemination of warnings and Forecasts
• Often the challenge is to provide the most cost-effective system(s) within severe funding constraints
• Dissemination techniques will depend on the communication infrastructure
• Robust and reliable
• Back up capability
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Dissemination of warnings and Forecasts
• Dissemination systems: most critical issue for developing countries
• Point-to-Multipoint Mass media (TV, Radio, Newspapers),sirens and signals, RANET, NOAA
Weather RadioMan on bicycle
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Dissemination of warnings and Forecasts
• Point-to-Point: Dedicated Fax, automatic telephone answering
• Internet
• Mobile communication
• Strength and weaknesses
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Examples of Dissemination
Korea (high tech)Cell Broadcasting Service (CBS) Phone
Disaster Notification Broadcasting SystemProblem: transmission does not reach high
mountain areas in need of warnings for flash flood
Radio Disaster Warning Broadcasting SystemTV Disaster Warning Broadcasting System
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1) CBS (Cell Broadcasting Service) Phone Disaster Notification
Broadcasting System (Cont’d)
▣ System Structure and Message Flow
【 CBS Message Transmission flow 】
End user(Mobile phone with
CBS service function]
) Mobile Telecom
CompanyNEMA
CBS System of Mobile Telecom Company Base Station
CBS message on mobilephone which is locatedat broadcasted area
Request to CBS messageTransmission at disasterarea
NEMA
7
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▣ System Management streamlines
5) TV Disaster Warning Broadcasting System
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Examples of Dissemination
Bangladesh (people intensive)33000 Cyclone VolunteersCPP and Red CrossBMD sends info to CPP HQ Information gets to the village-level volunteers
through radioUse bicycles Distribution to public by megaphones and flagsProblme: Maintenance of megaphones and
torches
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Examples of Dissemination
• Sri Lanka- high tech tsunami warning system using satellites, mobile and fixed wireless phones
• Challenge: reach large numbers of local communities and rural areas
• Major component of the project is use of CAP
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The Severe Weather Information Centre (SWIC)
http://severe.worldweather.wmo.int• Established as a centralized source for media access
to official tropical cyclone warnings and information issued by NMHSs and RSMCc
• Has attracted the participation of WMO Members in all tropical cyclone basis
• Currently displays tropical cyclone warnings and information for all tropical cyclone basins
• Observations on heavy rain/snow from all WMO Members are displayed
• New page displaying the occurrences of thunderstorms was also added.
• Ultimate goal: to develop SWIC into a Multi-hazard Information and Resource Centre
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Visualizing Weather Warnings• Meteoalarm
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CAP and PWSConclusions
• Existing warning systems are mix of different technologies and procedures
• CAP will allow consistent warning message disseminated simultaneously over many different warning systems, thus increasing warning effectiveness
• Possibility of use of CAP in SWIC and Meteoalarm for public warnings
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Thank You